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TheRed Square was an openplaza inFordsburg, South Africa that was a popular site for mass political meetings in the 1940s and 1950s.[1] The site is now covered by the South Mall and Car Park 4 of theOriental Plaza. Completed in 1976, the Plaza was built to accommodate Indian traders evicted by the apartheid government from the main trading street, 14th Street as well as other streets including the eastern and western boundary street, Delarey and Krause streets of Pageview,Fietas.[2]
Red Square was located in Fordsburg, a suburb ofJohannesburg. During the 1940s and 1950s, it was frequently the site of political meetings and protests; it was particularly popular with theCommunist Party.[3] On 6 April 1952, theDefiance Campaign was launched at the square byJames Moroka of theAfrican National Congress andYusuf Dadoo of theSouth African Indian Congress, together with many other African, Indian and Coloured leaders. During the campaign, the square was nicknamedFreedom Square by activists.[4]
Forced removals were enforced in the nearby suburb ofPageview (Fietas), destroying the existing vibrant commercial 14th Street and other streets. The Oriental Plaza was built as a compromise between the Johannesburg City Council and the Department of Community Development in the 1970s, in an attempt to reluctantly address the loss of the evicted Indian traders. In the process a substantial part of Fordsburg’s urban fabric including the Red Square was demolished. The Red Square still however holds social, cultural and historical significance.
