| Category | Air racing |
|---|---|
| Country | International |
| Inaugural season | 2003 |
| Folded | 2019 |
| Official website | World Championship Air Race |
TheWorld Championship Air Race was a series ofair races sanctioned by theWorld Air Sports Federation (FAI). Originally established in 2003 as theRed Bull Air Race, and created byRed Bull GmbH, the event involved competitors navigating a challenging obstacle course in the fastest time.Pilots flew individually against the clock and had to complete tight turns through a slalom course consisting of pylons, known as "air gates".
The races were held mainly over water near cities, but were also held at airfields or natural wonders. They were accompanied by a supporting program of show flights. Races were usually flown on weekends with the first day for qualification then knockout finals the day after. The events attracted large crowds and were broadcast, both live and taped, in many nations.
At each venue, the top eight places earned World Championship points. The air racer with the most points at the end of the Championship became Red Bull Air Race World Champion.
After a three-year hiatus for safety improvements and reorganisation, the Air Race resumed in 2014.[1][2]
In May 2019Red Bull announced the cancellation of the Red Bull Air Race after 2019 and the shortening of the 2019 race calendar to four races.
In February 2021, the FAI announced a new promoter will revive the FAI-sanctioned air racing series in 2022, the World Championship Air Race. World Championship Air Race intends to change race aircraft with sustainable fuels, electric drivetrains and electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) airplanes from 2024 (the third season). The contract is for fifteen years.[3]
Alternative lighter aircraft racing events involving soft wing aircraft such as the Parabatix Sky Racers are following in the footsteps of the Red Bull air race while paving a new direction for a different kind of air race with more emphasis on ground-skimming precision flying and out-of-cockpit pilot interaction.
The Red Bull Air Race was conceived in 2001 in the Red Bull sports think-tank. The aim was to develop a new aviation race that would challenge the ability of the world's best pilots, creating a race in the sky that was not simply about speed, but also precision and skill.[citation needed] The answer was to build a specially designed obstacle course which the pilots would navigate at high speeds.[citation needed]
Development of the prototypes of what are now known as the "air gates" began in 2002 and renowned Hungarian pilotPéter Besenyei successfully completed the first test flight through them. After two years in planning and development, the first official Red Bull Air Race was ready to take off inZeltweg,Austria in 2003. A second was staged the same year nearBudapest inHungary.
In 2004, three races took place inKemble (England), Budapest (Hungary) and Reno (USA). The series was expanded in 2005 to become the Red Bull Air Race World Series. Ten pilots competed in seven races around the world – Mike Mangold was crowned the champion with Péter Besenyei and Kirby Chambliss in second and third place respectively. Eight races took place in 2006 with 11 pilots competing. Kirby Chambliss was crowned the champion for the Series' second season. In 2007 the calendar was extended to include ten races with the first race on South American soil taking place inRio de Janeiro. Mike Mangold reclaimed the title of Red Bull Air Race World Champion 2007.[4] 12 pilots took part in 2008 in eight races around the globe and Austrian pilotHannes Arch became the first European to win the championship. The largest number of pilots so far took part in six races in 2009. 15 pilots from 12 different countries competed for the world championship title, this time with Brit Paul Bonhomme coming out on top, after coming so close the previous two years.[5]
In the 2010 series, during training runs prior to the race, Brazilian pilot Adilson Kindlemann crashed his plane into theSwan River inPerth. Rescuers were on site within seconds and Kindlemann was rushed toRoyal Perth Hospital where it was determined that he had suffered no serious injury. As of 2014[update], it is the only crash in the history of the Red Bull Air Race.[6]
The 2011 series of races worldwide was cancelled. The decision was taken by Red Bull on 27 July 2010 to allow for a "headquarters" restructure as well as the implementation of new safety measures.
The 2012 series was also cancelled;"There will be no races in 2012, that’s true," said Red Bull Air Race Team spokesperson Nadja Zele in an email message toAOPA. "A revamped concept and a fixed race calendar will be revealed in 2013."[7][8]
Eventually, the 2013 series was cancelled as well. However, in October 2013, it was announced that the Red Bull Air Race World Championship would return in 2014.[9][10] Training for the upcoming season took place atOlney airport in Texas.[11] The Championship finally returned in Abu Dhabi on 28 February 2014.
With dwindling corporate interest, Red Bull decided not to continue the Red Bull Air Race World Championship beyond the 2019 season.[12]
In February 2021, the World Air Sports Federation announced a new promoter, Willie Cruickshank, and his Air Race World Championship organisation, with the intention of the series returning in 2022.[13]
In February 2022, the first race of the new series was announced when Air Race announced they had signed a 3 year deal with Indonesia. Air Race would've been hosted in Jakarta, Indonesia on October 14–16, 2022 among other rounds on the planned calendar.[14] However, the 2022 season was cancelled due to COVID and the "global economic situation".[15]
Successor series: AIR RACE X
Following the end of the Red Bull Air Race in 2019, former champion Yoshihide Muroya launched AIR RACE X in 2023 as a next-generation air racing series combining real flight with digital technology.[16]
The series introduced a Digital/Remote race format in which pilots fly identical virtual courses from their home bases, with results synchronized through GPS-based telemetry. The first event, held in Shibuya, Tokyo (October 2023), featured remote racing and augmented-reality viewing for spectators.[17] Subsequent digital rounds have been staged in Osaka (2025) and other cities.[18]
AIR RACE X plans to resume in-person Live Races beginning in its next phase, integrating physical pylons and city-based courses with digital broadcast technology. The organization describes its future structure as a combination of Live / Digital / Remote racing designed for global accessibility and sustainability.[19]
In earlier seasons, 2005 and 2006, pilots first ran two qualifying rounds to determine starting order, with the fastest time starting last. The race was then run over two rounds, and the combined time of both rounds determines the winner. Starting in 2007, a new knock-out format was introduced which was modified for 2008.
The starting order is the order in which the pilots will race in each flying session. The starting order for Training is defined by the results of the last year's Red Bull Air Race World Championship standings. The highest ranking pilot starts first. Starting order for new race pilots is determined by a draw. The starting order for Qualifying is defined by the results of the fourth training session. The order is reversed so that the slowest pilot from the fourth training session starts first. The starting order for all sessions on Race Day is determined by the results in Qualifying. The order is reversed so that the slowest pilot from Qualifying starts first.[20]
Based on the pilot's place at each race, World Championship points are awarded. The current points scoring format see first place receive 25 points, second place receive 22, on through thirteenth who receives one.
| Position | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Points | 25 | 22 | 20 | 18 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Pilots are required to complete the 5–6-kilometre-long (3.1–3.7 mi) track and fly between the air gates following a predetermined race track configuration. Failure to do this correctly results in penalty seconds being added to their race time. Penalty seconds can be added for an incorrect passing of an air gate or passing an air gate at an incorrect orientation. For more serious breaches of the rules, pilots may be ruled as "did not finish" or disqualified.[20]
Three different gate types require a specific manner of crossing. Double cone gates must be crossed in level flight, single cone gates must be crossed in a 90° angle, and slalom flying through the chicane gates (knife or level flying not mandatory).[20]
Penalties are incurred for violations of the rules, as follows.[21][22]
The competitors use high-performance aerobatic planes such as theZivko Edge 540,MXS-R, and theCorvus Racer 540, equipped withLycoming engines.[25] All aircraft have a wingspan less than 7.6 metres (25 ft) and top speeds ranging from 406 to 426 km/h (252 to 265 mph).
Competitors have tuned their aircraft for better performance. However, the safety implications of engine or airframe failures mean that performance tuning by individual teams, though commonly done in motorsports, is strictly limited in scope.
Each aircraft carries aTL elektronic TL-3424_EXTaccelerometer. It transmits timing and speed data which is picked up and displayed on large spectator screens.
The air gates are made up of one or two pylons, each approximately 25 metres (82 ft) high, and spaced 10 to 15 metres (33 to 49 ft) apart depending on the gate.[25]
The first prototype pylon was developed byMartin Jehart of Bellutti Protection Systems, an Austrian engineering firm specializing in the manufacturing of technical materials andtarpaulin. They initially used alatex balloon for crash tests and aerodynamic studies and after many tests and research settled on the use of a combination of different materials, the crucial component being spinnakerripstop nylon, an extremely lightweight and flexible material used for making sails for boats. This would prove to be a breakthrough in the development of the air gates producing a pylon that would rip instantaneously when hit by a plane. Over 70 tests of the pylon were carried out on the ground using a car with a wing strapped on the roof before they were ready to undergo tests with a real plane. Eight different cars were used in these tests as well as a trailer and truck. Hungarian pilot, Péter Besenyei worked closely with the team and attempted the first deliberate pylon hit in early 2003 with positive results. The first air gates, which werecylindrical, were finally ready to be used at the very first Red Bull Air Races held in Austria and Hungary later that year.
The air gates play a vital role in the Red Bull Air Race, but must also fulfill complex and contradictory demands. They have to be delicate enough to burst apart the instant they are touched by an aircraft and sturdy enough to remain stationary in all weather conditions, including stormy weather and strong winds. The early cylindrical pylons fulfilled the first criterion but proved to be too unstable in the wind.
The answer came in 2004 with thecone design. These air gates measure 5 metres (16 ft) across the base and .75 metres (2.5 ft) at their tip. Inside the air gate a relatively high, and carefully monitored, pressure level is maintained with the use of powerful electrical, petrol-powered blowers that help keep the air gates steady even in windy conditions. Over the years the air gate design has developed and improved and today's air gates can withstandwind speeds of up to 60 km/h (37 mph) without being blown over. Their stability is further reinforced with 12 ground attachments, each strong enough to hold 1,200 kilograms (2,600 lb). For races over water, the air gates are secured to a floatingbarge which has stabilityanchors.[26]
Unlike early models, the current structures are made up of six sections attached together byzippers andVelcro to allow quick replacement if damaged by a plane. Prior to May 2008, the races had used more than eight tons of fabric for the various pylons, and the average life of each pylon was 15 races. Thirty-five pylons are transported to each race, and at each race's completion, the pylons are sent toInnsbruck, Austria to be repaired.[27]
If a pylon is hit by the plane, it is designed to break apart, preventing it from harming the plane and pilot. The damaged parts of the pylon are replaced by course personnel nicknamed "air gators". It usually takes a few minutes to replace a pylon. The record for the setup of a replacement pylon is 1 minute 30 seconds, set in 2007.[27]
Elite/Master Class[edit]
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