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Recycling codes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Code identifying material, for recycling
Recycling codes on products

Recycling codes are used to identify the materials out of which the item is made, to facilitate easierrecycling process. The presence on an item of a recycling code, achasing arrows logo, or aresin code, is not an automatic indicator that a material is recyclable; it is an explanation of what the item is made of. Codes have been developed forbatteries,biomatter/organic material,glass,metals,paper, andplastics.[citation needed] Various countries have adopted different codes. For example, the table below shows the polymer resin (plastic) codes. In the United States there are fewer, becauseABS is placed with "others" in group 7.

A number of countries have a finer-grained system with more recycling codes. For example, China's polymer identification system has seven different classifications of plastic, five different symbols for post-consumer paths, and 140 identification codes.[1] The lack of a code system in some countries has encouraged those who fabricate their own plastic products, such asRepRap and otherprosumer3-D printer users, to adopt a voluntary recycling code based on the more comprehensive Chinese system.[2]

Resin identification codes and codes defined by the European Commission

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SymbolCode[3]DescriptionExamples
Plastics (seeresin identification code[4][5])[3]
[a]1 PET(E)Polyethylene terephthalatePolyesterfibers,soft drinkbottles,foodcontainers (also seeplastic bottles)
[a]2 PEHD or HDPEHigh-density polyethylenePlastic milk containers,plastic bags,bottle caps,trash cans,oilcans,plastic lumber, toolboxes, supplement containers
[a]3 PVCPolyvinyl chlorideWindow frames,bottles forchemicals,flooring,plumbingpipes
[a]4 PELD or LDPELow-density polyethylenePlastic bags,Ziploc bags,buckets,squeeze bottles,plastictubes,chopping boards
[a]5 PPPolypropyleneFlower pots,bumpers, car interior trim, industrialfibers, carry-outbeveragecups, microwavable food containers, DVDkeep cases
[a]6 PSPolystyreneToys,video cassettes,ashtrays, trunks, beverage/food coolers,beer cups,wine andchampagnecups, carry-outfood containers,Styrofoam
[a]7 O (Other)All other plasticsPolycarbonate (PC),polyamide (PA),styrene acrylonitrile (SAN),acrylic plastics/polyacrylonitrile (PAN),bioplastics
ABS[citation needed]Acrylonitrile butadiene styreneMonitor/TV cases, coffee makers,cell phones,calculators, mostcomputer plastic,Lego bricks, mostFFF 3D printed parts that are notbioplastic such asPLA
PA[citation needed]Polyamide (Nylon)Toothbrush bristles, socks, stockings, etc.
Batteries (see alsobattery recycling)
8Lead[citation needed]Lead–acid batteryCar batteries
9 AlkalineAlkaline batteryTV Remote batteries,flashlight batteries
10 NiCDNickel–cadmium batteryOlder batteries
11 NiMHNickel–metal hydride battery
12 LiLithium batteryCell phone batteries,computer batteries,camera batteries
13 SO(Z)Silver-oxide battery
14 CZZinc–carbon batteryFlashlight batteries
Paper[3]
20 PAPCorrugated fiberboard (cardboard)Cardboard boxes
21 PAPNon-corrugated fiberboard (paperboard)Cereal and snack boxes
22 PAPPaperNewspaper,books,magazines,wrapping paper,wallpaper, paperbags, paperstraws
Metals
40 FESteelFood cans

41-ALU
41 ALUAluminiumSoft drink cans,deodorant cans, disposablefood containers,aluminium foil,heat sinks
Biomatter/Organic material
50 FORWoodFurniture,chopping boards,brooms,pencils,cocktail sticks,wooden spoons
51 FORCorkBottle stoppers, place mats, construction material
60 COTCottonTowels,t-shirts,cotton buds/swabs,cotton pads
61 TEXJuteClothing
62-69 TEXOthertextiles
Glass
70 GLClear GlassFood storage jars
71 GLGreen GlassWine bottles
72 GLBrown GlassBeer, light-sensitive products
73 GLDark Sort Glass
74 GLLight Sort Glass
75 GLLight Leaded GlassTelevisions, high-end electronics display glass like incalculators
76 GLLeaded GlassOldertelevisions,ash trays, older beverage holders
77 GLCopper Mixed/Copper Backed GlassElectronics,LCD display heads,clocks,watches
78 GLSilver Mixed/Silver Backed GlassMirrors, formal table settings
79 GLGold Mixed/Gold Backed GlassComputer glass, formal table settings
Composites (80—99)
80 PaperPaper and miscellaneous metals
81 PapPetPaper +plasticConsumer packaging,pet foodbags, cold storegrocery bags,Icecream containers,cardboard cans,disposable plates
82Paper and fibreboard/Aluminium
83Paper andfibreboard/Tinplate
84 C/PAP (or PapAl)Paper andcardboard/plastic/aluminiumLiquid storage containers, juice boxes, cardboard cans, cigarette pack liners, gum wrappers, cartridge shells for blanks, fireworks colouring material,Tetra Brik.
85Paper andfibreboard/Plastic/Aluminium/Tinplate
87 CSL (Card-Stock Laminate)Biodegradable plasticLaminating material,special occasion cards,bookmarks,business cards,flyers/advertising
90Plastics/AluminiumPlastic toothpaste tubes/some vacuum packed coffee bags
91Plastic/Tinplate
92Plastic/Miscellaneousmetals
95Glass/Plastic
96Glass/Aluminium
97Glass/Tinplate
98Glass/Miscellaneousmetals
99other
  1. ^abcdefgFor the resin codes,ASTM International has replaced the three-arrow symbol by a solid, equilateral triangle because "the code is designed for resin-identification purposes and not recyclability".[6] The three-arrow symbol was based on theUniversal Recycling Symbol.

Chinese codes for plastics products

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The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) has defined material codes for different types of plastics in the document GB 16288-2008. The numbers are consistent with RIC up to #6.[7]

CodeAbbreviationName
1PETpolyethylene terephthalate
2HDPEpolyethylene, high density
3PVCpoly(vinyl chloride)
4LDPEpolyethylene, low density
5PPpolypropylene
6PSpolystyrene
7ABAcrylonitrile-butadiene plastic
8ABAKAcrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate plastic
9ABSAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
10ACSAcrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene
11AEPDSAcrylonitrile-(ethylene-propylene-diene)-styrene plastic
12AMMAAcrylonitrile-methyl-methacrylate plastic
13ASAAcrylonitrile styrene acrylate plastic
14CAcellulose acetate
15CABcellulose acetate butyrate
16CAPcellulose acetate propionate
17CEFcellulose formaldehyde
18CFcellulose-formaldehyde resin
19CMCcarboxymethyl cellulose
20CNcellulose nitrate
21COCcycloolefin copolymer
22CPcellulose propionate
23CTAcellulose triacetate
24E/PEthylene-propylene plastic
25EAAEthylene-acrylic acid plastic
26EBAKEthylene-butyl acrylate plastic
27ECethyl cellulose
28EEAKEthylene-ethyl acrylate plastic
29EMAEthylene-methacrylic acid plastic
30EPepoxide;epoxy resin or plastic
31ETFEEthylene-tetrafluoroethylene plastic
32EVAEthylene-vinyl acetate plastic
33EVOHEthylene-vinyl alcohol plastic
34FEPperfluoro (ethylene-propylene) plastic
35FFFuran-formaldehyde resin
36LCPLiquid-crystal polymer
37MABSmethyl methacrylate-acrylnitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic
38MBSmethyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene plastic
39MCmethyl cellulose
40MFMelamine-formaldahyde resin
41MPMelamine-phenol resin
42MSANα-methylstyrene-acrylonitrile plastic
43PApolyamide
44PAApoly(acrylic acid)
45PAEKpolyaryletherketone
46PAIpolyamidimide
47PAKpolyacrylate
48PANpolyacrylonitrile
49PARpolyarylate
50PARApoly(aryl amide)
51PBpolybutene
52PBAKpoly(butyl acrylate)
53PBATpoly(butylene adipate/terephthalate)
54PBD1,2-polybutadiene
55PBNpoly(butylene napthalate)
56PBSpolybuthylenesuccinate
57PBTpoly(butylene terephthalate)
58PCpolycarbonate
59PCCEpoly(cyclohexlyene dimethylene cyclo-hexanedicar-boxylate)
60PCLpolycaprolactone
61PCTpoly(cyclonhexylene dimethylene terephthalate)
62PCTFEpolychlorotrifluoroethylene
63PDAPpoly(diallyl phthalate)
64PDCPDpolydiclopentadiene
65PECpolyester carbonate or poly(butylene succinate/carbonate)
66PECpolyestercarbonate
67PE-Cpolyethylene, chlorinated
68PEEKpolyetheretherketone
69PEESTpolyetherester
70PEIpolyetherimide
71PEKpolyetherketone
72LLDPEpolyethylene, linear low density
73MDPEpolyethylene, medium density
74PENpoly(ethylene naphthalate)
75PEOXpoly(ethylene oxide)
76PESpoly(ethylene succinate)
77PESTURpolyesterurethane
78PESUpolyethersulfone
79UHMWPEpolyethylene, ultra high molecular weight
80PEURpolyetherurethane
81VLDPEpolyethylene, very low density
82PFPhenol-formaldehyde resin
83PFAPerfluoro alkoxyl alkane resin
84PGApoly(glycolic acid)
85PHApolyhydroxyalanoic or polyhydroxyalkanoates
86PHBpolyhydroxybutyric acid orpolyhydroxybutyrate
87PHBVpoly-(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)
88PIpolyimide
89PIBpolyisobutylene
90PIRpolyisocyanurate
91PKpolyketone
92PLApolylactic acid or poly lactide
93PMIpolymethacrylimide
94PMMApoly(methyl methacrylate)
95PMMIPoly-N-methylmethacrylimide
96PMPpoly-4-methylpenten-1
97PMSPoly-α-methylstyrene
98POMpolyoxymethylene; polyacetal; polyformaldehyde
99PPCcarbon dioxide and propylene copolymer
100PPDOPoly(p-dioxanone)
101PPEpoly(phenylene ether)
102PP-Epolypropylene, expandable
103PP-HIpolypropylene, high impact
104PPOXpoly(propylene oxide)
105PPSpoly(phenylene sulfide)
106PPSUpoly(phenylene sulfone)
107EPSpolystyrene, expandable
108HIPSpolystyrene, high impact
109PSUpolysulfone
110PTFEpoly tetrafluoroethylene
111PTMATpoly(tetramethylene adipate/terephthalate)
112PTTpoly(trimethylene terephthalene)
113PURpolyurethane
114PVApoly(vinyl acetate)
115PVOHpoly(vinyl alcohol)
116PVBpoly(vinyl butyral)
117PVC-Cpoly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated
118PVC-Upoly(vinyl chloride), unplasticized
119PVDCpoly(vinylidene chloride)
120PVDFpoly(vinylidene fluoride)
121PVFpoly(vinyl fluoride)
122PVFMpoly(vinyl formal)
123PVKPoly-N-vinylcarbazole
124PVPPoly-N-vinylpyrrolidine
125SANStyrene-acrylonitrile plastic
126SBStyrene-butadiene plastic
127SIsilicone plastic
128SMAHStyrene-maleic anyhydride plastic
129SMSStyrene-α-methylstyrene plastic
130UFUrea-formaldehyde resin
131UPunsaturatedpolyester resin
132VCEvinyl chloride-ethylene plastic
133VCEMAKvinyl chloride-ethylene-methyle-acrylate plastic
134VCEVACvinyl chloride-ethylene-vinyl acrylate plastic
135VCMAKvinyl chloride-methyl acrylate plastic
136VCMMAvinyl chloride-methyl methacrylate plastic
137VCOAKvinyl chloride-octyl acrylate plastic
138VCVACvinyl chloride-vinyl acetate plastic
139VCVDCVinylchloride-vynylidene chloride plastic
140VEvinyl ester resin

Alternative recycling labels

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The following recycling label projects are designed with the consumer in mind while SPI or Resin Identification Codes are designed to be recognized by waste sorting facilities. They provide an alternative that eliminates confusion as people often mistake any resin code to be recyclable, but this is not necessarily true. The recyclability of the numbers depends on the abilities of the facilities in the community.[8] Thus, they are not all automatically recyclable.

How2Recycle is a project that started in 2008.[9] The label provides information about the packaging material and clearly indicates whether it is recyclable, partially or totally. If it is not recyclable at all, it is shown by a diagonal line going through the recycling label.

OPRL is a not-for-profit organisation that provides simple, consistent 'recycle' & 'refill' labels for retailer & brand packaging in the UK market. The labels clearly state whether the packaging is recyclable or not, helping consumers recycle better, more often.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB16288, 2008. Marking of plastics products. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008.
  2. ^Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce,Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers,Resources, Conservation and Recycling,97, pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004
  3. ^abc97/129/EC: Commission Decision of 28 January 1997 establishing the identification system for packaging materials pursuant to European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste
  4. ^Plastic Packaging Resins American Chemistry Council
  5. ^Marking of plastic dishes: see, deciphering markers in plastic containers Plastic how to grind plastic utensils
  6. ^Jessica Holbrook. Say so long to recycling code arrows.plasticnews.com. June 2013.
  7. ^Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) GB 16288-2008. Marking of plastics products塑料制品的标志. Chinese Standard Publishing House, Beijing; 2008, as cited in E. J. Hunt, C. Zhang, N.Anzalone, and J. M. Pearce. Polymer Recycling Codes for Distributed Manufacturing with 3-D Printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 97, pp. 24–30 (2015).doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004
  8. ^"Plastic by the Numbers".
  9. ^"Labels - How2Recycle".how2recycle.info.
  10. ^"Label Objectives".

External links

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