Reading, Massachusetts | |
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 Downtown Reading in March 2014 | |
 Seal | |
 Location of Reading inMiddlesex County, Massachusetts (left) and of Middlesex County inMassachusetts (right) | |
| Coordinates:42°31′32″N71°05′45″W / 42.52556°N 71.09583°W /42.52556; -71.09583 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Middlesex |
| Settled | 1644 |
| Named after | Reading, England |
| Government | |
| • Type | Representative town meeting |
| • Town Manager | Matt Kraunelis |
| Area | |
• Total | 9.9 sq mi (25.7 km2) |
| • Land | 9.9 sq mi (25.7 km2) |
| • Water | 0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 128 ft (39 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 25,518 |
| • Density | 2,570/sq mi (993/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP Code | 01867 |
| Area code | 339 /781 |
| FIPS code | 25-56130 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0618232 |
| Website | https://www.readingma.gov/ |
Reading (/ˈrɛdɪŋ/ ⓘRED-ing) is atown inMiddlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, 16 miles (26 km) north of centralBoston. The population was 25,518 at the2020 census.[1]
Many of theMassachusetts Bay Colony's original settlers arrived fromEngland in the 1630s through the ports ofLynn andSalem.
In 1639, some citizens of Lynn petitioned the government of the colony for a "place for an inland plantation". They were initially granted six square miles, followed by an additional four. The first settlement in this grant was at first called "Lynn Village" and was located on the south shore of the "Great Pond", now known asLake Quannapowitt. On June 10, 1644, the settlement was incorporated as the town of Reading, taking its name from the town ofReading in England.[2]
The first church was organized soon after the settlement, and the first parish separated and became the town of "South Reading" in 1812, renaming itself asWakefield in 1868.Thomas Parker was one of the founders of Reading. He also was a founder of the 12th Congregational Church (now the First Parish Congregational Church), and served as deacon there.[3][4][5][6] He was a selectman of Reading and was appointed a judicial commissioner.[7] There is evidence that Parker was "conspicuous in naming the town" and that he was related to the Parker family ofLittle Norton, England, who owned land by the name of Ryddinge.[8][9][10]
A special grant in 1651 added land north of theIpswich River to the town of Reading. In 1853 this area became the separate town ofNorth Reading. The area which currently comprises the town of Reading was originally known as "Wood End", or "Third Parish".[2]
Reading was initially governed by anopen town meeting and aboard of selectmen, a situation that persisted until the 1940s. In 1693, the town meeting voted to fundpublic education in Reading, with grants of four pounds for three months school in the town, two pounds for the west end of the town, and one pound for those north of the Ipswich River. In 1769, the meeting house was constructed, in the area which is now the Common in Reading. A stone marker commemorates the site.[2]
Reading played an active role in theAmerican Revolutionary War. It was prominently involved in the engagements pursuing the retreatingBritish Army after thebattles of Lexington and Concord.John Brooks, later to becomeGovernor of Massachusetts, was captain of the "Fourth Company of Minute" and subsequently served at theBattle of White Plains and atValley Forge. Only one Reading soldier was killed in action during the Revolution; Joshua Eaton died in theBattle of Saratoga in 1777.[2]
In 1791, sixty members started the Federal Library. This was a subscription Library with each member paying$1.00 to join, and annual dues of $.25. The town's public library was created in 1868.[2]
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The Andover-Medford Turnpike was built by a private corporation in 1806-7. This road, now known asMassachusetts Route 28, provided the citizens of Reading with a better means of travel to theBoston area. In 1845, theBoston and Maine Railroad came to Reading and improved the access to Boston, and the southern markets. During the first half of the 19th century, Reading became a manufacturing town. Sylvester Harnden's furniture factory, Daniel Pratt'sclock factory, and Samuel Pierce'sorgan pipe factory were major businesses. By the mid-19th century, Reading had thirteen establishments that manufactured chairs andcabinets. The making of shoes began as a cottage industry and expanded to large factories. Neckties were manufactured here for about ninety years. During and after Civil War the southern markets for Reading's products declined and several of its factories closed. For many years, Reading was an importantcasket manufacturing center.[2]
During theCivil War, members of theRichardson Light Guard of South Reading fought at theFirst Battle of Bull Run. A second company was formed as part of theArmy of the Potomac, and a third company joined General Bank's expedition inLouisiana. A total of 411 men from Reading fought in the Civil War, of whom 15 died in action and 33 died of wounds and sickness. A memorial exists in the Laurel Hill Cemetery commemorating those who died in the Civil War.[2]
In the 20th century, Reading became a small, residential community with commuter service to Boston on the Boston and Maine Railroad and theEastern Massachusetts Street Railway. Both commuter services were later taken over by theMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, and for many years, there was discussion of extending theMBTA Orange Line to Reading. Industrial expansion during that time included the Goodall-Sanford Co. off Ash Street, later sold to General Tire & Rubber Company, later known as GenCorp. Additional businesses created after World War I included the Boston Stove Foundry, Roger Reed Waxes, Ace Art,Addison-Wesley Publishing and several other companies. For many years, Wes Parker's Fried Clams was a landmark off state Route 128.
Military installations also came to the town, with twoNike missile sites, one on Bear Hill and the other off Haverhill Street, and the opening ofCamp Curtis Guild, aNational Guard training facility. The business community currently consists of a number of retail and service businesses in the downtown area, a series of commercial businesses in and around the former town dump on Walker's Brook Road (formerly John Street) as well as the Analytical Sciences Corporation (TASC).[2]
In 1944, Reading adopted therepresentative town meeting model of local government in place of the open town meeting. This retained the representative town meeting and board of selectmen, but focused policy and decision making in a smaller number of elected boards and committees whilst providing for the employment of atown manager to be responsible for day-to-day operations of the local government.[2]
Basketball playerBill Russell lived in Reading in the 1960s at 1361 Main Street, but later moved to 701 Haverhill Street.[11] Vandals broke into the basketball player's home and damaged his property, leaving racial epithets in their wake as well as defecating in Russell's bed. Russell left Reading after retiring as coach of the Boston Celtics in 1969.
In recent years the town of Reading struggled with the decisions to build a new elementary school, to cope with the influx of new families to the community, and renovateReading Memorial High School which was opened in 1954 with an addition added in 1971. Both of these projects were approved and in August 2007 the new $57 million renovation at the High School was completed.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 9.9 square miles (25.7 km2). No significant amount of land is covered permanently by water, although there is a plethora of vernal pools in various areas of conservation land.
Reading borders the towns ofWoburn,Stoneham,Wakefield,Lynnfield,North Reading, andWilmington.
| Climate data for Reading, Massachusetts (1990–2019 normals, extremes 1960-2019) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) | 76 (24) | 92 (33) | 94 (34) | 95 (35) | 96 (36) | 99 (37) | 105 (41) | 95 (35) | 89 (32) | 80 (27) | 78 (26) | 105 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 57 (14) | 58 (14) | 68 (20) | 83 (28) | 89 (32) | 91 (33) | 94 (34) | 91 (33) | 88 (31) | 79 (26) | 71 (22) | 61 (16) | 95 (35) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 36.1 (2.3) | 38.8 (3.8) | 46.2 (7.9) | 58.6 (14.8) | 68.4 (20.2) | 76.5 (24.7) | 82.1 (27.8) | 80.5 (26.9) | 73.1 (22.8) | 62.0 (16.7) | 51.6 (10.9) | 41.3 (5.2) | 59.5 (15.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 29.2 (−1.6) | 36.4 (2.4) | 47.6 (8.7) | 57.5 (14.2) | 66.4 (19.1) | 72.3 (22.4) | 70.8 (21.6) | 63.1 (17.3) | 52.0 (11.1) | 42.0 (5.6) | 32.8 (0.4) | 49.7 (9.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 18.4 (−7.6) | 19.7 (−6.8) | 26.7 (−2.9) | 36.5 (2.5) | 46.6 (8.1) | 56.3 (13.5) | 62.4 (16.9) | 61.2 (16.2) | 53.1 (11.7) | 41.9 (5.5) | 32.4 (0.2) | 24.3 (−4.3) | 39.9 (4.4) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 0 (−18) | 2 (−17) | 9 (−13) | 25 (−4) | 34 (1) | 44 (7) | 52 (11) | 50 (10) | 38 (3) | 28 (−2) | 18 (−8) | 8 (−13) | −3 (−19) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −21 (−29) | −15 (−26) | −9 (−23) | 13 (−11) | 25 (−4) | 33 (1) | 41 (5) | 32 (0) | 26 (−3) | 16 (−9) | −2 (−19) | −14 (−26) | −21 (−29) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 3.94 (100) | 3.68 (93) | 4.80 (122) | 4.34 (110) | 3.96 (101) | 4.15 (105) | 4.09 (104) | 3.91 (99) | 3.92 (100) | 4.91 (125) | 3.90 (99) | 4.82 (122) | 49.96 (1,269) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 17.1 (43) | 16.3 (41) | 13.0 (33) | 2.1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 1.9 (4.8) | 12.4 (31) | 61.7 (157) |
| Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 10 (25) | 11 (28) | 9 (23) | 1 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.5) | 7 (18) | 16 (41) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 12 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 137 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 8 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 28 |
| Source: NOAA[12] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 3,108 | — |
| 1860 | 2,662 | −14.4% |
| 1870 | 2,664 | +0.1% |
| 1880 | 3,181 | +19.4% |
| 1890 | 4,088 | +28.5% |
| 1900 | 4,969 | +21.6% |
| 1910 | 5,818 | +17.1% |
| 1920 | 7,439 | +27.9% |
| 1930 | 9,767 | +31.3% |
| 1940 | 10,866 | +11.3% |
| 1950 | 14,006 | +28.9% |
| 1960 | 19,259 | +37.5% |
| 1970 | 22,539 | +17.0% |
| 1980 | 22,678 | +0.6% |
| 1990 | 22,539 | −0.6% |
| 2000 | 23,708 | +5.2% |
| 2010 | 24,747 | +4.4% |
| 2020 | 25,518 | +3.1% |
| 2024* | 26,041 | +2.0% |
| * = population estimate. Source:United States census records andPopulation Estimates Program data.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] | ||
As of the census[24] of 2010, there were 24,747 people, 9,617 households, and 6,437 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,486.1 inhabitants per square mile (959.9/km2). There were 9,617 housing units at an average density of 888.8 per square mile (343.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.4%White, 0.8%Black orAfrican American, 0.1%Native American, 4.2%Asian, 0.03%Pacific Islander, 0.21% fromother races, and 0.65% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.5% of the population.
There were 8,688 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 8.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.9% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.22.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.
As of 2015, according to the Census Bureau,[25] the median income for a household in the town was $107,654 and the median income for a family was $124,485. The per capita income for the town was $47,981. Of the families in Reading, 1.0% were below the poverty line, as opposed to 1.9% of the general population. 2.7% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over were under the poverty line.
Since 1944, the municipal government of the town of Reading comprises arepresentative town meeting, whose 192 members are elected from eight precincts.[28][29][30] Prior to 1944, the town was governed by anopen town meeting.
The town elects a five-memberselect board by general election, who serve for overlapping three-year terms. The select board are responsible for calling the elections for the town meeting, and for calling town meetings. They initiate legislative policy by proposing legislative changes to the town meeting, and then implement the votes subsequently adopted. They also review fiscal guidelines for the annual operating budget and capital improvements program and make recommendations on these to the town meeting. In addition the board serves as the local road commissioners and licensing board, and appoints members to most of the town's other boards, committees, and commissions.[31]
The day-to-day running of the town government is the responsibility of atown manager, appointed by the board of selectmen.[31]
Reading's public school system, managed byReading Public Schools, comprises:[32]
Austin Preparatory School, is a co-ed, independent school, in the Augustinian Catholic tradition, founded in 1962. It is located on 55 acres of land and has an enrollment of 700 students, providing instruction for students in grades 6–12.
Reading is located close to the junction ofInterstate 93 andInterstate 95/Massachusetts Route 128 to the north of Boston. I-93 provides a direct route south to central Boston and beyond via theBig Dig, whilst I-95/128 loops around Boston to the west, crossesInterstate 90/Massachusetts Turnpike, and then continues south before meeting up with I-93 again atCanton.
Reading is served byReading station on theMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority'sHaverhill/Reading commuter rail line, which links the town to Boston'sNorth Station. Plans existed during the 1970s, when this line of track was bought by the MBTA, to extend the Orange Line rapid transit service out as far as Reading. Although new stations were successfully constructed at Malden Center and Oak Grove station, residents just past Oak Grove complained and such plans were put on hold.
Reading is also served by MBTA bus service routes 136 and 137, which run between Reading station and Malden station.
Municipalities and communities ofMiddlesex County, Massachusetts,United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
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| Other villages | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
| International | |
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| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Other | |
