Ravenswood, West Virginia | |
|---|---|
 Intersection of Washington and Walnut Streets | |
 Seal | |
 Location of Ravenswood in Jackson County, West Virginia. | |
| Coordinates:38°57′11″N81°45′41″W / 38.95306°N 81.76139°W /38.95306; -81.76139 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| County | Jackson |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Joshua Miller |
| Area | |
• Total | 1.89 sq mi (4.89 km2) |
| • Land | 1.82 sq mi (4.71 km2) |
| • Water | 0.069 sq mi (0.18 km2) |
| Elevation | 607 ft (185 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 3,865 |
• Estimate (2021)[2] | 3,847 |
| • Density | 2,000/sq mi (774/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 26164 |
| Area code | 304 |
| FIPS code | 54-67108[3] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1555445[4] |
| Website | cityofravenswood |
Ravenswood is a city inJackson County,West Virginia, United States, along theOhio River. The population was 3,865 at the2020 census.[2]
Two differing stories tell of the naming of Ravenswood. One story tells that the town was originally named Ravensworth, after the English relatives of a founding family. But somewhere between the Ohio River wilderness and the mapmaker in Richmond, the name was changed to Ravenswood. The second story says that Henrietta Fitzhugh, wife of one of the town founders, Henry Fitzhugh, named the town after the hero inWalter Scott's novelThe Bride of Lammermoor (1819).[5]
Ravenswood is sited on land once owned byGeorge Washington. Washington acquired the 2,448-acre (10 km2) parcel in 1770, and designatedColonel William Crawford to survey the lands in 1771. A permanent settlement was first established in 1810, and the town streets and lots were laid out in their current pattern by descendants of Washington in 1835.[6] The first town election was held in the home of Bartholomew Fleming in 1840.[5] Ravenswood was incorporated in 1852.
During theAmerican Civil War, the 1863Battle of Buffington Island took place one mile (1.6 km) north of Ravenswood.[7] In 1886, the Ohio River Rail Road reached Ravenswood.[8]
In the local cemetery is a gravestone marking the grave of George Elwood Sharp, a two-year-old toddler who died 1917. The ceramic photo plate on the stone was said to be "of a demonical baby, complete with hollow eyes, fangs, and horns. What’s more, the claim is that at night the ceramic picture plate on this tombstone emits an eerie, iridescent glow. Not only that, but if you listen carefully, you may be able to hear the child’s disembodied cry drifting through the air across the cemetery lawn."[9]
According to researcher Daniel Reed, the three claims made by the legend can easily be explained: the demonical baby depicted in the image plate is simply the result of years of deterioration; the eerie glow is nothing more than a reflection of the setting sun (or reflection from a security light); and the disembodied cry is likely sounds coming from the nearby residential area (along with psychological priming and confirmation bias of ghost hunters)."[9]
In 1931, the Ravenswood Glass Novelty Company ("The Marble Factory") opened.[10] WhenKaiser Aluminum planned a new facility with 12,000 workers, Bill Finley was hired to plan a "company town" of 25,000. He went on to become a planner with theNational Capital Planning Commission, and develop the community ofColumbia, Maryland, for theRouse Company.[11]Henry J. Kaiser opened what was then the world's largest aluminum refinery six miles south of Ravenswood in 1957.[6] The Kaiser facility is now owned byConstellium andCentury Aluminum.[12]John F. Kennedy visited Ravenswood during the1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries.[citation needed] The Ravenswood exit ofInterstate 77 opened in 1964.
In February 2010,USA Today referred to Ravenswood as "teetering on a ghost town".[13] Mayor Lucy Harbert responded by bringing in sponsorships from several Silicon Valley–based companies like ScanCafe.com and StartUps.com.[14] On March 26, 2010, Mike Ruben, a reporter with theState Journal newspaper, announced that Ravenswood was "transforming" the town into "Aluminum City, U.S.A." to help attract local tourism revenue: "L.A. Promoter Plans to Market 'Aluminum City'." None of these developments came to fruition.
Ravenswood is located at38°57′11″N81°45′41″W / 38.95306°N 81.76139°W /38.95306; -81.76139 (38.952922, -81.761357),[15] along theOhio River at the mouth ofSandy Creek.[16]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.90 square miles (4.92 km2), of which 1.83 square miles (4.74 km2) is land and 0.07 square miles (0.18 km2) is water.[17]
The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to theKöppen Climate Classification system, Ravenswood has aHumid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[18]
| Climate data for Ravenswood, West Virginia | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7 (44) | 8 (47) | 13 (56) | 20 (68) | 25 (77) | 29 (84) | 31 (87) | 30 (86) | 27 (81) | 22 (71) | 14 (57) | 9 (48) | 19 (67) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4 (24) | −4 (25) | 0 (32) | 5 (41) | 10 (50) | 14 (58) | 17 (62) | 16 (61) | 13 (55) | 6 (43) | 1 (34) | −3 (27) | 6 (43) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 84 (3.3) | 71 (2.8) | 94 (3.7) | 81 (3.2) | 91 (3.6) | 94 (3.7) | 110 (4.4) | 91 (3.6) | 69 (2.7) | 64 (2.5) | 69 (2.7) | 76 (3) | 1,000 (39.3) |
| Source: Weatherbase[19] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 362 | — | |
| 1880 | 681 | 88.1% | |
| 1890 | 817 | 20.0% | |
| 1900 | 1,074 | 31.5% | |
| 1910 | 1,081 | 0.7% | |
| 1920 | 1,284 | 18.8% | |
| 1930 | 1,189 | −7.4% | |
| 1940 | 1,061 | −10.8% | |
| 1950 | 1,175 | 10.7% | |
| 1960 | 3,410 | 190.2% | |
| 1970 | 4,240 | 24.3% | |
| 1980 | 4,126 | −2.7% | |
| 1990 | 4,189 | 1.5% | |
| 2000 | 4,031 | −3.8% | |
| 2010 | 3,876 | −3.8% | |
| 2020 | 3,865 | −0.3% | |
| 2021 (est.) | 3,847 | [2] | −0.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census[20] | |||
As of thecensus[21] of 2010, there were 3,876 people, 1,657 households, and 1,061 families living in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,118.0 inhabitants per square mile (817.8/km2). There were 1,807 housing units at an average density of 987.4 units per square mile (381.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.4%White, 0.2%African American, 0.1%Native American, 0.7%Asian, 0.2% fromother races, and 1.3% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 1.0% of the population.
There were 1,657 households, of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.7% weremarried couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.90.
The median age in the city was 42.4 years. 23% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.4% were from 25 to 44; 23.9% were from 45 to 64; and 23.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.
As of thecensus[3] of 2000, there were 4,031 people, 1,692 households, and 1,135 families living in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,190.1 people per square mile (845.6 people/km2). There were 1,832 housing units at an average density of 995.4 units per square mile (384.3 units/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.04%White, 0.25%African American, 0.05%Native American, 0.74%Asian, 0.15% fromother races, and 0.77% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.60% of the population.
There were 1,692 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% weremarried couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.83.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,308, and the median income for a family was $37,416. Males had a median income of $34,417 versus $21,134 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $15,696. About 15.4% of families and 17.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
Primary and secondary public education is provided by Jackson County Schools. Ravenswood public schools include Henry J. Kaiser Elementary School (Grades K-2), Ravenswood Grade School (Grades 3–5), Ravenswood Middle School (Grades 6–8), and Ravenswood High School (9–12). Ravenswood Grade School is located about1+1⁄2 miles outside of the town limits. The other schools are located within the town boundaries. The official mascot of Ravenswood High School is the Red Devil. Lower-level schools are referred to as Demons.[22] Private school education is provided by the Heritage Christian Academy (Grades K-12).[23]
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