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Raoul Dufy | |
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 Raoul Dufy, before 1927 | |
| Born | (1877-06-03)3 June 1877 Le Havre, France |
| Died | 23 March 1953(1953-03-23) (aged 75) Forcalquier, France |
| Education | École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts |
| Known for | Painting, drawing, design, printmaking |
| Notable work | La Fée Electricité (1937) |
| Movement | Fauvism,Impressionism,modernism,Cubism |
Raoul Dufy (French pronunciation:[ʁauldyfi]; 3 June 1877 – 23 March 1953) was a Frenchpainter associated with theFauvist movement. He gained recognition for his vibrant and decorative style, which became popular in various forms, such astextile designs, and public building decorations. Dufy is most remembered for his artwork depicting outdoor social gatherings. In addition to painting, he was skilled in various other fields, includingdrawing,printmaking, bookillustration,scenic design, furniture design, and planning public spaces.
Dufy was born 3 June 1877 inLe Havre,Normandy, the second of eleven children, to Léon Marius Dufy, an accountant in a steel manufacturing company and talented musician, and Marie Eugénie Ida Dufy (née Lemonnier), originally fromHonfleur, Normandy. Among his siblings wasJean Dufy, who would also become an artist later in life.
At age 14, Dufy left school to work for a coffee-importing company. In 1895, at age 18, he began taking evening art classes atLe Havre'sÉcole des Beaux-Arts, taught byCharles Lhuillier, a former student of the French portrait painterIngres. There he metRaimond Lecourt andOthon Friesz, with whom he later shared a studio inMontmartre and maintained a lifelong friendship. During this period, Dufy primarily paintedNorman landscapes in watercolors.
In 1900, after a year of military service, Dufy won a scholarship to theÉcole Nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris, where he again crossed paths withOthon Friesz (who was also there whenGeorges Braque was studying). Dufy focused on improving his drawing skills, influenced byimpressionist landscape painters such asClaude Monet andCamille Pissarro. His first exhibition was in 1901, at the Exhibition of French Artists. Dufy was introduced toBerthe Weill in 1902 and showed his work in her gallery. He exhibited again in 1903, at theSalon des Indépendants. His work gained some notable recognition when artistMaurice Denis bought one of his paintings. Dufy continued to paint, often in the vicinity ofLe Havre, particularly on the beach atSainte-Adresse, made famous by its association with artistsEugène Boudin andClaude Monet. In 1904, he worked inFécamp, on theEnglish Channel (La Manche), with his friendAlbert Marquet.
Henri Matisse'sLuxe, Calme et Volupté, which Dufy saw at the Salon des Independents in 1905, directed his interests towardsFauvism.Les Fauves (the wild beasts) emphasized bright color and bold contours in their work. Dufy's painting reflected this aesthetic until about 1909 when contact with the work ofPaul Cézanne led him to adopt a subtler technique. However, it was not until 1920, after he had dabbled in another style,Cubism, that Dufy developed his own distinctive approach. This distinctive style encompassed the arrangement of skeletal structures using foreshortened perspective, coupled with the application of rapid, thin color washes. This method later became recognized asstenographic. In his oils and watercolors, he frequently depicted contemporary scenes, including yachting events, elegant social gatherings, and views of theFrench Riviera. For the 1937Exposition Internationale in Paris, Dufy produced"La Fée Electricité," one of the largest paintings of its time, an expansive and widely acclaimed work celebrating electricity, executed in oil on plywood.
Dufy also acquired a reputation as an illustrator and commercial artist. He painted murals for public buildings and produced a significant number of tapestries and ceramic designs. His plates appear in books byGuillaume Apollinaire,Stéphane Mallarmé andAndré Gide. In 1909, Dufy was commissioned byPaul Poiret to design stationery for the house. After 1912, he designed textilepatterns forBianchini-Ferier, which were used for garments worn byPoiret andCharvet. TheBois de Boulogne is a dress that was designed byPaul Poiret, textile design by Dufy, and textile manufactured by Bianchini-Ferier. Dufy had a bold and graphic design approach that reflected Paul Poirets' personal preference and style. Both,Poiret and Dufy, would come together many times to create many new designs.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Dufy exhibited at the annualSalon des Tuileries in Paris. By 1950, his ability to paint was diminished when his hands were impaired byrheumatoid arthritis and he had to fasten a brush to his hand to work. In April he went toBoston to undergo an experimental treatment withcortisone andcorticotropin, based on the work ofPhilip S. Hench. It proved successful, and some of his next works were dedicated to the doctors and researchers in the United States. In 1952 he received the grand prize for painting in the 26thVenice Biennale. Dufy died ofintestinal bleeding atForcalquier, France, on 23 March 1953, likely the result of his continuous treatment. He was buried nearMatisse in theCimiez Monastery Cemetery inCimiez, a suburb of the city ofNice.
Among the public collections holding works by Raoul Dufy are:
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