| Ranthambore National Park | |
|---|---|
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  Location in Rajasthan Show map of Rajasthan Ranthambore National Park (India) Show map of India | |
 Interactive map of Ranthambore National Park | |
| Location | Sawai Madhopur,Rajasthan, India |
| Nearest city | Sawai Madhopur |
| Coordinates | 26°01′02″N76°30′09″E / 26.01733°N 76.50257°E /26.01733; 76.50257 |
| Area | 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi) |
| Established |
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| Governing body | Ministry of Environment and Forests,Project Tiger |
Ranthambore National Park is anational park in theIndian state ofRajasthan. It covers a total area of 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi). It is bounded to the north by theBanas River and to the south by theChambal River. It is named after the historicRanthambore Fort, which lies within its boundaries inSawai Madhopur district.[1]
Ranthambore National Park was established as theSawai Madhopur Game Sanctuary in 1955, initially covering an area of 282 km2 (109 sq mi). It was declared one of theProject Tiger reserves in 1974.[2] It was declared a national park in 1980.[citation needed]
Ranthambore National Park covers a total area of 1,334 km2 (515 sq mi) including theKailadevi Wildlife Sanctuary and Sawai Man Singh Sanctuary. The core area spans approximately 275 km2 (106 sq mi). It harbours drydeciduous forests and open grassy meadows at an elevation range of about 215–505 m (705–1,657 ft).[3]
Ranthambore Fort was built in the 10th century byChahamanas of Ranastambhapura at 210 m (700 ft) above the surrounding plain. Inside the fort are three red-stone temples devoted toGanesh,Shiva and Ramlalaji. There is a DigamberJain temple ofSumatinatha andSambhavanatha. The temples were constructed in the 12th and 13th centuries. Padam Talao is the largest of the many lakes in the park. A red sandstone Jogi Mahal is on the edge of the lake.[4]
There are over 300 species of trees, including over 100 of medicinal importance.[2]The land features dense tropical dry forest, open bushland and rocky terrain interspersed with lakes and streams. The ecoregion includesKhathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests.[5]
Ranthambore National Park hosts many wild animals includingchital,sambar,blackbuck,chinkara,nilgai,langurs,rhesus macaques,jackals,striped hyenas,jungle cats,caracals,leopard,tiger andsloth bear.[4][6] The park hosts over 270 species of birds, includingpeafowl,crested serpent eagle,painted francolin andIndian paradise flycatcher.[6][2]
Ranthambore is known for itsBengal tiger population. During the past few years, there has been a decline in numbers due to poaching and other reasons.[7] The number of tigers was 25 in 2005 and 48 in 2013.[8][9] As of 2022 census, there were 69 tigers in the national park.[10][11]
Economic valuation of the tiger reserve estimated that its flow benefits are worth 8.3 billion rupees (0.56 lakh/hectare) annually. Gene-pool protection services (7.11 billion), provisioning of water to the neighbouring region (115 million) and provisioning of habitat and refuge for wildlife (182 million) were some of the important services that emanated from the tiger reserve. Other services includednutrient cycling (34 million) andsequestration of carbon (69 million).[12]
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