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| Rani | |
|---|---|
| Lechito-Rani | |
| Native to | Germany |
| Region | Rügen |
| Extinct | 1404[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
.jpg) Map ofRügen from 1608 byEilhardus Lubinus | |
TheRani dialect[3] orLechito-Ranisupradialect[4] is anextinctSlavicLechitic dialect used by theRani tribe[5] – themedievalSlavic inhabitants of the island ofRügen (in Rani dialect:Rȯjana,Rāna[5]) and its opposite coast.[6] This dialect, because of its closer affinity to theDrevani language than to thePomeranian area, should be classified as aWest Lechitic dialect.[7]
The dialects of Rügen have left no written monuments, so the main source of knowledge about them is thetoponyms and personal names of Slavic origin recorded in medieval chronicles.
The development of Proto-Slavicnasals coincided with that in other Lechitic dialects - thePS*ǫ gave a regularą̊, e.g.Dansne,Gansilitze,Damerowe,Wanghelin <PS *Dǫsno, *Gǫslicě, *Dǫbrovy, *Ǫglinъ, whereas in the case ofPS*ęLechitic apophony happened and before the harddental consonants it gave'ą̊, e.g.Boranta,Swantewostroe,Zvantegurt <PS *Boręta, *Svętъ Ostrovъ, *Svętъ Gordъ, while in the other positions narrowę̇, e.g.Burrentin,Gnewentin,Uincymir <PS *Borętinъ, *Gněvętinъ, *Vęťemirъ.[8][9]
Lechitic apophony also shows the development of*ě – before the hard dental consonants it gave*a, e.g.Lascouiz,Peask,Stralowe <PS*Lěsъkovica,*Pěsъkъ,*Strělovo, while in other positionse, e.g.Gnewentin,Pasceke,Tessemar <PS*Gněvętinъ,*Pasěka,*Těšimirъ.[10][11]
Proto-Slavic*e before originally palatalized consonants narrows toė, transcribed alternately by ⟨e⟩, ⟨i⟩ and ⟨y⟩, e.g.Bizdede,Kaminise,Mellnitz <PS*Bezdědьje,*Kamenišče,*Melьnica, while in other positions it gives ane, e.g.Brese,Gribenow,Jesere <PS*Berza,*Grebenovъ,*Jezero.[12][13] The narrowing of*e toė ori before originally palatal consonants ties the Rani dialect to theDrevani area.[12] No Lechitic apophony *e >’o.
The Proto-Slavic*o probably developed into the narrowȯ, denoted in writing ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ or ⟨uo⟩, e.g.Burizlaws,Dobrezlauus,Ulznica <PS*Borislavъ,*Dobroslavъ,*Olьšanica.[14] In addition,*o underwent reduction to a reduced vowel of the typeə under certain hard-to-define conditions, e.g.Debermoyzle,Luberadus <PS*Dobromyslъ,*Ľuboradъ.[12] Especially often this reduction occurs in the auslaut, e.g.Bucowe,Belicowe,Jarcuowe <PS *Bukovo, *Bělikovo, *Jarъkovo,[15] although there are also forms without this reduction, such as.Slaweko <PS *Slavъko.[16] The anlaut*o- tends to take on a prostheticv- (*o- >u̯o- >vo-), e.g.Wastroznae,Wobluzs,Swantewostroe <PS *Ostrožьn-, *Obľuže, *Svętъ Ostrovъ,[17] which connects the Rani dialect to all ofPolabie,Pomerania,Lusatia,Greater Poland andBohemia.
Proto-Slavic*a as a rule gavea, e.g.Babyn,Camenez,Graboue <PS *Babinъ, *Kamenьcь, *Grabovo.[16][17] However, it developed differently in the*ra- group, where it gavere-, e.g.Redomer,Retim <PS *Radoměrъ, *Radimь[16] next to the rarerra- such asRadozlaus <PS *Radoslavъ[18] and perhaps in the*ja- group, where the records are ambiguous, since, for example, next toJerognew there isJargneu <PS *Jarogněvъ.[16] In addition, in the auslaut*a was reduced, e.g..Ghore,Lopate,Plachte <PS *gora, *lopata, *plaxъta.[18]
The Proto-Slavic*u gives a constantu, e.g.Bucowe,Lubbin,Zulizlaus <PS *Bukovo, *Ľubinъ, *Sulislavъ,[19][18] except for the position before thenasal consonantsm andn, where it seems to giveo, e.g.Peron (next toPyrun,Perun),Stromineke <PS*Perunъ,*Strumenьky.[20]
The Proto-Slavic*i generally gavei, e.g.Babyn,Bandin,Gardist <PS *Babinъ, *Bǫdinъ, *Gordišče.[19][18] In the position before*r, however, it must have been raised toe ora, as evidenced by notations likeJaromerus,Moyzlemer,Seracowe <PS *Jaromirъ, *Myslimirъ, *Sirakovo.[18]
The Proto-Slavic*y essentially gavey, e.g.Bitgast,Bykove,Pribislaus <PS *Bydъgoščь, *Bykovo, *Pribyslavъ, with a strong tendency to diphthongize tooi in the position afterlabial consonants, e.g.Moyslekov,Moyzlemer,Woyzlaus <PS *Myslikovъ, *Myslimirъ,Vyslavъ.[19][21] In addition,*y was reduced toə in some positions, such as.Damerowe,Lepelowe <PS *Dǫbrovy, *Lěpylovy.[19]
Yers in weak position disappeared,[19][22] while in the strong position*ь gavee, e.g.Camenez,Coretz,Kozel <PS *Kamenьcь, *Korьcь, *Kozьlъ, and *ъ most likely gaveo, for which there is only one example:Cirkow <PS *Cŕ̥kъvь.[22]
Proto-Slavic group*TorT switches toTarT almost without exceptions, np.Barnim,Charna,Gartz <PS *Bornimъ, *Xorna, *Gordьcь.[19][23] The*TolT group usually switches toTloT, e.g.Glowe,Glowenitza,Slonitze <PS *Golvy, *Golvьnica, *Solnicě, although there are examples forTolT, e.g.Soldekewitze <PS *Soldъkoviťě.[24] The*TerT group generally givesTreT, sometimes written ⟨TriT⟩ np.Breghe,Bresnitz,Brisanche <PS *Bergy, *Berzьnica, *Beržanъky, exceptionalTerT is only theZerbentin <PS *Žerbętinъ.[24] No examples for *TelT.[24]
The Proto-Slavic*r̥ (*ъr) constantly givesar, e.g.Carnin,Garnzke <PS *Kr̥ninъ, *Gr̥nьčьky.[24] In the case of *ŕ̥ (*ьr) there was a Lechitic apophony toar before the harddental consonants, e.g.Bardeke,Zarnegloue <PS *Bŕ̥dъko, *Čŕ̥na Glova, while in the other positions *ŕ̥ giveser (also noted as ⟨ir⟩), e.g.Cerwitze,Cirkow,Sirkuist <PS *Čŕ̥vicě, *Cŕ̥kъvь, *Cŕ̥kъvišče.[25][26] Proto-Slavic *l̥ and *ĺ̥ (*ъl and*ьl) merged to giveol, e.g.Dolgemost,Puzdevolk,Stolpzk <PS *Dl̥gъ Mostъ, *Pustivĺ̥kъ, *Stl̥pьskъ.[25][27]
Primarypalatal consonants have dyspalatalized, except when followed byback vowels. This palatalization is noted in records such asBorjanta,Liazcha,Pyazcke,Zwinga <PS *Boręta, *Lěska, *Pěsъky, *Svinьja.[27] This links the Rani dialect with theDrevani dialect.[25][7]
Proto-Slavic*ť and*ď (<*t-j,*k-t;*d-j) gavec andʒ, respectively, e.g.Swetzenowitz,Blandzawicz <PS *Svěťenoviťь, *Blǫďaviťь, with the latter phoneme tending to transition intoz, e.g.Miseres <PS *Meďerěčь.[28]
The Proto-Slavic group*šč has passed intost, e.g.Gardist,Stiaplin <PS *Gordišče, *Ščapъlinъ.[29]
Written monuments lack the distinction of the seriess,c,z fromš,č,ž, which most likely indicates themazuration of the Rugian dialect.[29]
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