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Rangwapithecus

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Extinct genus of primates

Rangwapithecus

Jaw ofRangwapithecus gordoni
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Family:	†Dendropithecidae
Subfamily:	†Nyanzapithecinae
Genus:	†Rangwapithecus Andrews, 1974

Rangwapithecus is anextinct genus of ape from theEarly Miocene of Kenya.Late Miocene phalanges fromHungary have also been assigned to this genus, but were later reclassified asDryopithecus.^[1]

Description

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Rangwapithecus weighed approximately 15 kg (33 lb) and the size and shape of the ape's teeth indicate that it was afolivore.^[2] An arboreal ape from the earliestMiocene^[3] adapted to life in the rainforest, it is associated particularly withMfangano Island^[4] although the species previously inhabited a woodland-bushland environment.^[5]

Taxonomy

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Rangwapithecus wassympatric withProconsul,^[6] and may be synonymous with bothProconsul gordoni andProconsul vancouveringi.^[7] It is also similar to another species^[vague] found in Africa.^[8]Rangwapithecus gordoni andP. africanus are similarly sized though they differ morphologically, and both are restricted to Koru and Songhur.^[9]

Palaeoecology

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Rangwapithecus was a generalisedfrugivore that was also able to engage infolivory as a fallback during times of dietary stress.^[10]

Notes

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^Begun 1988
^Fleagle 1999, p. 462
^Lyell 1833, p. 343
^Andrews & Kelley 2007, Abstract
^Andrews & Evans 1979
^Cameron 2004, p. 62
^Tuttle 1986, p. 28
^Leakey & Leakey 1987, Abstract
^Andrews 2000, p. 356
^Shearer, Brian M.; Ungar, Peter S.; McNulty, Kieran P.; Harcourt-Smith, William E.H.; Dunsworth, Holly M.; Teaford, Mark F. (January 2015)."Dental microwear profilometry of African non-cercopithecoid catarrhines of the Early Miocene".Journal of Human Evolution.78:33–43.doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.011. Retrieved3 December 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.

References

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Andrews, Peter (May 2000). "Evolution and Environment in the Hominoidea". InGee, H (ed.).Shaking the tree: readings from Nature in the history of life. University of Chicago Press.ISBN 978-0-226-28497-2.
Andrews, P; Cronin, JE (1982). "The relationships of Sivapithecus and Ramapithecus and the evolution of the orang-utan".Nature.297 (5867):541–6.Bibcode:1982Natur.297..541A.doi:10.1038/297541a0.PMID 7045678.S2CID 4368755.
Andrews, P.; Evans, E. N. (1979). "The Environment of Ramapithecus in Africa".Paleobiology.5 (1):22–30.Bibcode:1979Pbio....5...22A.doi:10.1017/s0094837300006266.JSTOR 2400387.S2CID 88248574.
Andrews, Peter; Kelley, Jay (2007). "Middle Miocene Dispersals of Apes".Folia Primatologica.78 (5–6):328–43.doi:10.1159/000105148.PMID 17855786.S2CID 19293586.
Begun, David R. (1988)."Catarrhine phalanges from the Late Miocene (Vallesian) of Rudabánya, Hungary"(PDF).Journal of Human Evolution.17 (4):413–37.Bibcode:1988JHumE..17..413B.doi:10.1016/0047-2484(88)90030-9. Retrieved2012-12-22.
Cameron, D. W. (2004).Hominid adaptations and extinctions. UNSW Press.ISBN 9780868407166.
Fleagle, JG (1999).Primate adaptation and evolution. Academic Press.ISBN 978-0-12-260341-9.
Greenfield, Leonard Owen (1979). "On the adaptive pattern of "Ramapithecus"".American Journal of Physical Anthropology.50 (4):527–48.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330500406.PMID 111557.
Greenfield, L. O. (1987)."A Late Divergence Hypothesis". In Ciochon, Russell L.; Fleagle, John G. (eds.).Primate evolution and human origins. Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series. Transaction Publishers. p. 222.ISBN 9780202011752. Retrieved2011-12-29.
Leakey, R.E.; Leakey, M.G. (1987). "A new Miocene small-bodied ape from Kenya".Journal of Human Evolution.16 (4):369–87.Bibcode:1987JHumE..16..369L.doi:10.1016/0047-2484(87)90067-4.
Lyell, C (1833).Principles of geology: being an attempt to explain the former changes of the earth's surface by reference to causes now in operation, Volume 3. J. Murray. Retrieved2011-12-29.
Schwartz, JH (1984). "The evolutionary relationships of man and orang-utans".Nature.308 (5959):501–5.Bibcode:1984Natur.308..501S.doi:10.1038/308501a0.PMID 6424028.S2CID 4343195.
Tuttle, R. (1986).Apes of the world: their social behavior, communication, mentality, and ecology. Noyes Publ. p. 28.ISBN 9780815511045.
Tuttle, Russell H. (2006). "Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies". In Ishida, Hidemi; Tuttle, Russell; Pickford, Martin; Ogihara, Naomichi; Nakatsukasa, Masato (eds.).Human origins and environmental backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Birkhäuser. pp. 15–29.ISBN 978-0387296388.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toRangwapithecus.

Wolpoff, M. H.; De Bonis, L.; Fleagle, J. G.; Frayer, D. W.; Greenfield, L. O.; Jacobs, K. H.; Protsch, R.; Rightmire, P. G.; Sarich, V. (1982). "Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]".Current Anthropology.23 (5):501–522.doi:10.1086/202893.JSTOR 2742391.S2CID 88285271.

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Rangwapithecus	Wikidata:Q5237068 GBIF:4827209 IRMNG:1302752 Paleobiology Database:133703

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