Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Ranchu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Fancy goldfish
Ranchū
Country of originJapan
TypeFantailed
Classification
BAS[1]

TheRanchū (蘭鋳,蘭虫,卵虫, "Dutch worm") (alsoMaruko)[1] is a hooded variety ofgoldfish native toJapan, which lacks adorsal fin.[2] It is referred to as the "king of goldfish" by theJapanese.[3]Maruko more commonly refers to theegg-fish goldfish.[4]

Breed origin

[edit]

Theranchū is a member of the Japanese development of thelionhead.[2] They are the direct outcome of crossbreeding experiments with Chinese lionhead specimens.[3]

  • Orange ranchū
    Orangeranchū
  • Black ranchū
    Blackranchū
  • Blue ranchū
    Blueranchū

Morphology

[edit]

Ranchū have egg-shaped bodies and deep bellies – between 5/8 to 3/4 the length of the fish. These goldfish have no dorsal fin. Breeding standards require that the back should not have any vestiges of the dorsal fin on it. The back should be rounded, not flat like a lionhead. The area of thecaudal peduncle should curve sharply downwards to meet the tail. The caudal peduncle itself is broad. A properly formed caudal peduncle avoids swimming motion impairments. Theranchū tail meets the caudal peduncle at a 45-degree angle, giving the fish a unique swimming motion. The tail lobes are rounded, and all other fins are paired.[3]

Compared tolionheads,ranchū have a particularly down-turned tail and tail fin.[2]Ranchū have arched backs and much shorter tails, which are tucked in at a 45-degree angle.[5]

Ranchū's most prominent feature are their heads. Sufficient space between the eyes, and also from the eyes to the front of the head must be preserved. The gill cover should extend towards the tail. The head growth should seem to begin from the bottom of the gill cover and move upward.[5] The head growths (wen) ofranchūfry may take at least a year to develop.[2] Fry possessing broad foreheads and square noses generally produce better wens.[5] Matureranchū can reach between 6 and 8 inches (15 to 20 centimeters) in length.

They may come in orange, red, white, grey and brown, as well as combinations of these colors.Scalation may either be metallic, nacreous (calico) or matte.[3][5]Ranchū with pale-yellow bodies and bright red heads are rare.[3]

They are well-adapted to fluctuations inpH levels and water quality.[5]

Top-viewranchū from the USA

Classification, deportment and conformation

[edit]

Japanese,Thai,American, andBritishranchu breeders, as well as many goldfish societies, adhere to two strict viewing classifications, namely the top-viewranchū comportment and the side-view selection criteria.[3][5][6][7][8] Japanese aesthetic standards forranchū are more exacting.Ranchū are often compared tosumo wrestlers, as theranchū is a rounded fish with a head-growth (known as a "bramble-head"[3][5]). However, traditional Japanese culture,aesthetics, and concepts regard these attributes of bothranchū and sumo wrestlers as an imposing and solid figure composed of massive circles and squares, which are abstract representations of balance, proportion, dignity, graceful movement and power.[5]

Threeranchū in a bag of water in a retail shop in Manchester, England.

Top-viewranchū (TVR)

[edit]

In ancient China, goldfish were kept in large jars made of pottery or porcelain, so the only way one could see the fish was from the top. For this reason, generations of people selected goldfish with big bellies, big wens, and dragon eyes genes. Therefore, the top viewranchū is considered better aesthetically inJapan andChina. The TVR should have a rectangle shape, a short tail, and big wen on the head. When swimming, their appearance should resemble a worm moving in water, which gives theranchū its name (in Chinese, "luan chong" means "egg shape worm").[5][3][9]

Side-viewranchū (SVR)

[edit]

Aranchū's back (seen from the side) is comparable to a traditional Japanesecomb, which comes in two shapes. The negate or long style is long with rounded corners and is similar to thekoban coin. The mature or the round style is shorter and is similar to a round coin viewed from the side, but still not as round as any circular coin. Both comb shapes are acceptable inranchū exhibitions and competitions.[5][3][9]

Selection and judging

[edit]

Mostgoldfish shows and competitions judgeranchū in an aquarium setting. Judges view the fish from the side and the top, taking note of its comportment and conformation to physical standards, motion, and movements. The attachment of the tail to the caudal peduncle is also evaluated.[3] True Japaneseranchū are judged from above in shallow bowls but not glass tanks. Although the overall shape of theranchū is taken into account it is the top view that is the most important. Westerngoldfish societies tend to use glass tanks for judging, but a number of societies based on Japanese methods are now operational and follow the traditional way theranchū are bred, kept, and judged. True Japaneseranchū enthusiasts keep theirranchū in shallow ponds or vats.

Clinical and pathological effects

[edit]

Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) are a domesticated variety of the Chinese Crucian carp "Gibelio" (Carassius auratus gibelio), a common Chinese carp.[10] Perhaps 700 years ago, egg goldfish were first bred for their lack of a dorsal fin. Prior to the 17th century, lionhead goldfish with this trait were kept in China and Japan, and theranchū breed was derived from them. A dorsal fin is found on all normal fish. This fin keeps the fish stable in the water and keeps them from rolling. Swimming speed, acceleration, and efficiency are all slower in goldfish missing dorsal fins than in normal goldfish. They must also deal with a tendency to roll to the side while moving or at rest, as well as a lack of directional stability.[11] Ranchu goldfish are also susceptible to dropsy, bladder issues and too large wen growth that can cover gills and eyes due to selective breeding and inbreeding.

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toRanchū.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Wolf, Herman (1908).Goldfish Breeds and Other Aquarium Fishes, Their Care and Propagation: A Guide to Freshwater and Marine Aquaria, Their Fauna, Flora and Management. With 280 Explanatory Illustrations, Printed with the Text. Innes & sons. p. 11.
  2. ^abcdAndrews, Dr. Chris. "An Interpet Guide to Fancy Goldfish", Interpet Publishing, 2002. -ISBN 1-902389-64-6
  3. ^abcdefghijChristensen, Larry; Ponzio, Peter; Taylor, Scott; Reynolds, Tony; Parker, John."GFSA - Ask the Judges"(PDF).golfishpages.com. Goldfish Society of America. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 14, 2018.
  4. ^"EGGFISH".Bristol Aquarists' Society. Retrieved13 October 2018.
  5. ^abcdefghijJohnson, Dr. Erik L., D.V.M. and Richard E. Hess. "Fancy Goldfish: A Complete Guide to Care and Collecting", Weatherhill, Shambhala Publications, Inc., 2006. -ISBN 0-8348-0448-4
  6. ^"Goldfish Connection - Types of Goldfish: Ranchu, date retrieved: 22 May 2007". Archived fromthe original on 2007-04-16. Retrieved2007-05-23.
  7. ^NEO Ranchu Classification and Standards, date retrieved: 22 May 2007Archived November 13, 2007, at theWayback Machine
  8. ^Thai Ranchu Centre Ranchu Standards and Grading, date retrieved, 22 May 2007Archived May 19, 2007, at theWayback Machine
  9. ^ab""What is a Lionchu?" by Peter Ponzio, an article from the Goldfish Pages Website (Goldfish Society of America), date retrieved: 26 May 2007"(PDF).
  10. ^Komiyama et al 2009
  11. ^Blake et al 2009
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ranchu&oldid=1266389462"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp