Ranchi district | |
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     Clockwise from top-left: Gonda Hill nearRanchi,Jonha Falls,Jagannath Temple at Ranchi, Sikidiri Valley,Dassam Falls | |
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| Country |  India |
| State |  Jharkhand |
| Division | South Chotanagpur |
| Established (as a district) | 1899[1] |
| Headquarters | Ranchi |
| District subdivisions | |
| Government | |
| • Member of Parliament | Sanjay Seth (BJP) Sukhdeo Bhagat (INC) |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Shri Manjunath Bhajantri (IAS) |
| • Senior Superintendent of police | SP Shri Rakesh Ranjan (IPS) |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Tamar,Silli,Khijri,Ranchi,Hatia,Kanke,Mandar |
| Area | |
• Total | 5,097 km2 (1,968 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 2,914,253 |
| • Density | 572/km2 (1,480/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi |
| • Regional | Sadri,Kurmali,Kurukh,Mundari |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 76.06% |
| • Sex ratio | 949 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-JH |
| LokSabha | Ranchi |
| Major highways | NH 20,NH 43,NH 39,NH 320,NH 143AG |
| Website | ranchi |
Ranchi district is the most populous district ofJharkhandstate in easternIndia.Ranchi,[2] the capital of Jharkhand, is the district headquarters.
Iron slag, potsherds and iron tools have been found in the Chota Nagpur plateau dated to 1400 BCE.[3]
Magadha Empire exercised indirect control over the territory, which lasted until the reign of theAshoka.Kalinga rulers are believed to have ravaged the region during their expeditions toRajgir andPataliputra. Armies ofSamudra Gupta passed through the region on their expedition toDeccan. During medieval period, theNagvanshi dynasty were ruling in the region.Khukhragarh was one of the capitals of Nagvanshi dynasty.[4] With the expansion of theMughal Empire, the Nagvanshis were forced to pay tribute, but they continued to rule and administer independently until the advent of theEast India Company.Thakur Vishwanath Shahdeo,Pandey Ganpat Rai,Tikait Umrao Singh andSheikh Bhikhari played pivotal role inIndian Rebellion of 1857.[5][6] During the period of theBritish Raj,Adivasis and other locals of the Chotanagpur Plateau continued to oppose the subjugation by theBritish, and the region witnessed a number of uprisings and revolts.
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Ranchi[2] has ahumid subtropical climate. However, due to its position and the forests around the city, it is known for its pleasant climate. Its climate is the primary reason why Ranchi was once the summer capital of the undivided State of Bihar. Ranchi used to be a preferable hill station in the past. Temperature ranges from maximum 42 to 20 °C during summer, and from 25 to 0 °C during winter. December and January are the coolest months with temperature getting to freezing point in some places of the city. The annual rainfall is about 1430 mm (56.34 inches). From June to September the rainfall is about 1,100 mm.Ranchi is located at 23°21′N 85°20′E.[5] The total area covered by the Ranchi municipal area is 175.12 square kilometres and the average elevation of the city is 651 m above sea level.
Ranchi is located on the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi is referred to as the "City of Waterfalls", due to the presence of numerous large and small falls of around the close vicinity of the city. The most popular ones areDassam Falls,[7]Hundru Falls,Jonha Falls, andPanchghagh Falls.
TheSubarnarekha river and its tributaries constitute the local river system. Dams in Kanke, Rukka and Hatia have been built over these channels to cater to the water requirements of majority the population.
Ranchi has a hilly topography and its combination with dense tropical forests ensures that it enjoys a comparatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. Previously, it was accorded a 'hill station' status during the British rule. Rapid population growth and industrialization have caused considerable change in the weather pattern and rise in average temperatures. This has resulted in gradual loss of this "Hill Station" like status.It also has numerous dams constructed in different regions of the city inside and on the outskirts.
Presently, Ranchi district is divided into 2 sub-divisions and 14 administrative blocks. On 12 September 2007,Khunti district was created by carving Khunti subdivision and its 6 blocks out of Ranchi district. Ranchi sub-division is further divided into 11 blocks:Angara,Burmu,Bero,Chanho,Kanke,Lapung,Mandar,Namkum,Ormanjhi,Ratu andSilli. Bundu sub-division comprises 3 blocks:Bundu,Sonahatu, andTamar, The district has 7Assembly constituencies, namely,Tamar (ST),Silli,Khijri (ST),Ranchi,Hatia,Kanke (SC), andMandar (ST). Silli, Khijri, Ranchi, Hatia and Kanke are part ofRanchi Lok Sabha constituency.
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranchi | 58 | Tamar | Vikash Kumar Munda | |||||
| Ranchi | 61 | Silli | Amit Mahto | |||||
| 62 | Khijri | Rajesh Kachhap | INC | |||||
| 63 | Ranchi | C. P. Singh | BJP | NDA | ||||
| 64 | Hatia | Navin Jaiswal | ||||||
| 65 | Kanke | Suresh Kumar Baitha | INC | MGB | ||||
| 66 | Mandar | Shilpi Neha Tirkey | Cabinet minister | |||||
Ranchi district[2] boasts of many premier institutes in the field of higher education. This may be a reason that Ranchi has an average literacy rate of 77.13% (census 2011), higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 85.63%, and female literacy is 68.2%. Notable schools in Ranchi includeDelhi Public School, Ranchi,Kairali School andSt. Thomas School, Ranchi.
Historical population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: Census of India[8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 55.32% | |||
| ORP | 23.25% | |||
| Islam | 14.09% | |||
| Christianity | 6.66% | |||
| Not stated | 0.68% | |||
| *ORP mostly adherents ofSarnaism | ||||
According to the2011 census Ranchi district has apopulation of 2,914,253,[1] roughly equal to the nation ofJamaica[10] or the US state ofArkansas.[11] This gives it a ranking of 130th in India (out of a total of640).[1] The district has a population density of 572 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,480/sq mi).[1] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.9%.[1] Ranchi has asex ratio of 950females for every 1000 males,[1] and aliteracy rate of 76.06%. 43.14% of the population lives in urban areas.Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes collectively account for 41.01% (SC 5.25% and ST 35.76%)[1] of the district's total population. The prominent scheduled communities areOraon (18.2%),Munda (10.3%),Lohra (2.46%),Bedia (1.32%),Ghasi (1.21%),Mahli (1.09%),Dhobi (0.73%),Bhogta (0.7%),Chamar/Mochi (0.63%),Dusadh (0.36%), Pan (0.33%),Karmali (0.32%),Chik Baraik (0.32%), Dom (0.29%),Kharia (0.27%),Bhuiya (0.2%),Santal (0.19%), Turi (0.12%),Rajwar (0.11%), Gorait (0.1%), Hari/Mehtar/Bhangi (0.08%),Ho (0.07%),Binjhia (0.07%), Pasi (0.07%), andKharwar (0.05%). Other communities such as Gond, Birhor, Bauri, Kol,Kora, Chero,Bhumij, Kisan, Nat,Mal Paharia,Musahar,Banjara, and Asur/Agaria also have populations ranging between one thousand to a hundred.[12]
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 30.23% of the population in the district spokeSadri, 28.08%Hindi, 8.55%Urdu, 7.52%Kurukh, 11.88%Panchpargania, 4.70%Mundari, 2.51%Bengali, 2.17%Bhojpuri and 1.17%Magahi as their first language.[13]
Ranchi district is headed by anIAS officer of the rank ofDeputy Commissioner (DC).Ranchi district consists of 2 Sub-divisions and 18 Blocks.[14] The following are the list of the Blocks in Ranchi district:
| No. | Ranchi subdivision | Bundu subdivision |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Burmu | Rahe |
| 2 | Khelari | Bundu |
| 3 | Kanke | Sonahatu |
| 4 | Ormanjhi | Tamar |
| 5 | Silli | |
| 6 | Angara | |
| 7 | Namkum | |
| 8 | Ratu | |
| 9 | Nagri | |
| 10 | Mandar | |
| 11 | Chanho | |
| 12 | Bero | |
| 13 | Itki | |
| 14 | Lapung |
In 2006 the Indian government named Ranchi one of the country's 250most backward districts (out of a total of640).[16] It is one of the 23 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[16] In the aspirational districts, Ranchi have improved.[17]
Jamaica 2,868,380 July 2011 est
Arkansas 2,915,918
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Places adjacent to Ranchi district | |
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