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Ramgarh district | |
|---|---|
    Top to bottom: Patratu Valley at night, Patratu Dam, District Collectorate, Ramgarh,Chhinnamasta Temple | |
.svg) Location of Ramgarh district in Jharkhand | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  Jharkhand |
| Division | North Chotanagpur |
| Headquarters | Ramgarh Cantonment |
| Tehsils | Ramgarh |
| Government | |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Shri Chandan Kumar (IAS) |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Hazaribagh |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Ramgarh,Barkagaon |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,341 km2 (518 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 23 |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 949,443 |
| • Rank | 24 |
| • Density | 708.0/km2 (1,834/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 4,372 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 73.17% |
| • Sex ratio | 921 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | JH-24 |
| Major highways | NH 20 andNH 23 |
| Website | ramgarh |
Ramgarh district is one of the 24 districts in theIndianstate ofJharkhand. It was also a military district during the British Regime, referred to then as Ramgarh district. It is the part of State Capital Region (SCR).
Ramgarh was made a district on 12 September 2007. It was carved out of erstwhile Hazaribagh District. Ramgarh lies at the heart of the Jharkhand state. It is a mining, industrial and cultural hub with the Maa Chhinnamasta Temple.[1] In 1670s, the king Dalel Singh shifted the capital ofRamgarh Raj to Ramgarh and named it after his father Ram Singh. The district of Ramgarh has been named after the town Ramgarh, its present headquarters.
The wordRam is derived fromMurram andGadh is derived fromBeluagadha. In Hazaribagh district, there is Sitagadha and Vishnugadha.[clarification needed] Thus, the nameRamgarh must have been derived by using syllables of these places.
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Stone age: Along the riverDamodar in Ramgarh, early Stone Age (Lower Paleolithic) tools[2] were found.
Mahajanapadas: The gigantic kingJarasandh was very powerful. Chotanagpur[3] was in his jurisdiction; probably the Chhotanagpur was under sub-ordination of Mahapadam ofMagadh Nand Ugrasen of Nagwanshi's.
Maurya Empire: It is also said that entire Chhotanagpur was under sub-ordination ofAshoka the Great (c. 273 – c. 232 BC) so that in Buddha period.[clarification needed]
Buddhism and Jainism: It is certified by the symbolic relics of Buddha period in the temple of Gola. Probably in the 8th century BC. (3) Jain Trithankar was constructed in Parasnath.
Gupta Empire: KingSamudragupta (c. 385 – c. 380 AD)[3] had invaded Eastern Deccan by passing through this area.
In Turk-Afghan period (1206-1526 AD.), Jharkhand the forest country was under subordination of ruler of that time. TheRamgarh Raj was established in 1368.[4] The founder King of Ramgarh regime was King Bagdeo Singh. At that time the capital of Ramgarh was in Sira. The headquarters of the capital was moved to Urda, Badam, Ramgarh andPadma one by one. In 1670 the headquarters of Ramgarh regime was moved to Ramgarh. The Ramgarh Regime is also known as Padma Raja or Regime.[5]
The power of obtaining reference from Ramgarh regime was given toEast India Company by KingShah Alam II.
In 1771, Captain Comac was made Military Collector of Ramgarh District,[6] whose headquarters was inChatra. The military district of Ramgarh contained Nagpur,Palamu,Hazaribagh,Chatra,Giridih andKodarma. At that the headquarters of Ramgarh Battalion[7] wasHazaribagh, whose commander was a European. The district name is often spelled "Ramghur" in English documents of the time.[8]
In 1811, Ramgarh Battalion was used for suppressing theMunda,Uraon and Tamad Revolt and Kol revolt. In 1837, Ramgarh was a police station for the British government. In 1938, a new G.T. road was built and Banaras road was closed. It is worth mentioning the name of Lubia Manghi. Bainu Manjhi and Arjun Manjhi. In Sitagarh, coffee was grown. The name of Rupu Manjhi is famous in the first national revolt of 1857.
On 8 January 1856, Sheik Bhikari and Thakur Upraon Singh were hanged on a bunyan tree in Chhuttupalu valley. This valley is also known as lalki Ghaati and that bunyan tree is calledPhansiyahi bore.[what language is this?]
Ramgarh Cantonment council was structured in 1941. There are two Army training centers,Sikh Regimental Centre (SRC) andPunjab Regimental Centre (PRC).
In March 1940, INC 53rd Session[9][10] was accomplished under the presidency ofMaulana Abul Qalam Azad at Jhanda Chowk, Ramgarh now Ramgarh CantonmentMahatma Gandhi,[11]Jawaharlal Nehru,Sardar Patel,Dr. Rajendra Prasad,Sarojini Naidu,Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan,Acharya J.B. Kripalani, IndustrialistJamnalal Bajaj and other leaders[12] of the Indian freedom movement attended the Ramgarh Session.[13] Mahatma Gandhi also opened khadi[definition needed] and village Industries Exhibition at Ramgarh.[14]
At that time, under the leadership of NetajeeSubhas Chandra Bose, a conference against Samjhauta was also completed. In Ramgarh, Subhsha Chandra Bose was seen as president of All India Forward Block and M.N. Roy was seen as leader of the radical democratic party.
After independence in 1947, the territory of the present-day Ramgarh district became a part of erstwhile Hazaribagh district. In 1952 Ramgarh Block was created and in 1991 Ramgarh Subdivision was formed. Sikh Regimental Centre was shifted from Merrut to Ramgarh Cantonment in 1976. On 12 September 2007, Ramgarh was made a district consisting of Ramgarh, Gola, Mandu and Patratu Block, taking the total count of districts in the state to 24.
On 13 September 2012, Ramgarh become the first district in the country where payment of government schemes like KCC and Indra Awash was done through UID[definition needed] orAadhaar cards.
Ramgarh district consists of six blocks (or 'mandals'). These includeRamgarh,Gola,Mandu,Patratu,Chitarpur, andDulmi blocks.[15]
See:List of villages in Ramgarh district
The district is a part of Chotanagpur plateau. Important physiographic regions[16] of the district areDamodar Trough or Upper Damodar basin or Damodar Valley. The majority of the district falls in the Damodar Valley. Damodar Valley is bounded byHazaribag Plateau in north andRanchi Plateau in south. Ranchi and Hazaribag plateau is separated by east–west running Damodar Valley.
Barka Pahar (Marang Buru)[17] 1,049 m (3,442 ft) high abovesea level located along the Ramgarh-Ranchi border is probably the highest peak, and it also separates the districts.
There are mainly two types of soil, red soil and sand loam.[citation needed]
In terms of climate, the area lies in the sub-humid region of Chotanagpur Plateau and has a semi-extreme type of climate. The day temperature rises to around 40 °C (104 °F) during the summers and drops to around 10 °C (50 °F) during the winter.
The winter season broadly runs from November to February, the hot season from March to May, and the rainy season from June to October.[citation needed]
The forest area of the district is 487.93 km2 (188.39 sq mi). The district is rich in flora and fauna. The government has planned a deer park in the district.[18] The park will come up on 25 acres (10 ha) on Gola-Muri Road in Gola block. 30 villages in the district are affected by elephants.[19]
Damodar is the main river of the district and it also forms a major river basin, comprising a number of tributaries. Important amongst them are: Naikari, Bhervi or Bhera and Bokaro river.
InHindu mythology andfolklore Damodar is a Nad means Male River.[clarification needed]
Small rivers include the Hurhuri, Gomti, Barki, Kurum, Kochi, Sherbhuki, and Dhobdhab rivers.
Suwarn Rekha River flow south eastern part of district.[20][clarification needed] Tributaries of Suwarn Rekha River include Kadamgara and Khatgara.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 123,154 | — |
| 1911 | 134,733 | +9.4% |
| 1921 | 133,503 | −0.9% |
| 1931 | 158,638 | +18.8% |
| 1941 | 183,100 | +15.4% |
| 1951 | 202,533 | +10.6% |
| 1961 | 265,261 | +31.0% |
| 1971 | 362,188 | +36.5% |
| 1981 | 544,330 | +50.3% |
| 1991 | 698,081 | +28.2% |
| 2001 | 839,482 | +20.3% |
| 2011 | 949,443 | +13.1% |
| Source: Census of India[21] | ||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 81.55% | |||
| Islam | 13.59% | |||
| Sarna | 3.41% | |||
| Christianity | 0.76% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.27% | |||
According to the2011 census, Ramgarh district has apopulation of 949,443,[23] roughly equal to the nation ofFiji[24] or the US state ofDelaware.[25] This gives it a ranking of 459th in India (out of a total of640).[23] The district has a population density of 708 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,830/sq mi).[23] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 13.06%.[23] Ramgarh has asex ratio of 921females for every 1000 males,[23] and aliteracy rate of 73.17%. 44.13% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 11.20% and 21.19% of the population respectively.[23]
At the time of the2011 Census of India, 56.63% of the population in the district spokeKhortha, 18.2%Hindi, 8.17%Urdu, 3.72%Santali, 2.91%Bhojpuri, 2.78%Magahi and 1.59%Bengali as their first language.[26]
In 1927, Bengal Nagpur Railway (BNR)[27] opened the 72-mile (116 km) Chandil-Barkakana section to traffic. The same year, the Central India Coalfields (CIC) Railway opened the Gomoh-Barkakana line. It was extended to Daltonganj in 1929. Later it was extended to Sonnagar on Howrah-Delhi Grand Chord line and one more branch was extended to Singrauli from Garwa Road.
At present the district railway network is divided between two zone East Central Railways and South Eastern Railway.
Ramgarh Cantonment, Mael, Barkipona, Gola Road, Harubera, Sondimra and Barlanga Station come under Ranchi Division of SER.[28]
Ranchi Road, Chainpur, Argada, Barkakana Junction, Bhurkunda, Patratu and Tokisud station come Under Dhanbad Division of ECR.
Barkakana is a railway sub-division under Dhanbad division of East Central Railway zone. Doubling of Danea-Ranchi Road line has announced in theRailway Budget 2013–14.
Ranchi-Koderma-Tilaiya Junction[29] railway station (Bihar) new rail line project[30] of the state passes through the district. The district portion between Sidhwar-Barkakana-Kuju and Mandu is already completed. The distance between Ranchi and Barkakana by train will be reduced by half with the new rail line. Completion of this project will also shorten the distance between[31] Barkakana, Patna and Delhi. The Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir line was extended to Tilaiya in 2010. After completion of the line, Barkakana will be connected to Bakhtiyarpur. Rajgir, Biharsharif, etc. Tilaiya Junction railway station is situated near Rajoli of Nawada district of Bihar, not to be confused with Tilaiya, Tilaiya Dam, or Jhumri Tilaiya of Jharkhand.
The 57 km (35 mi)-long Barkakana-Hazaribagh section of the new Koderma-Ranchi line project was inaugurated on 7 December 2016[32] by Railway Minister Suresh Prabhu in the presence of Chief Minister Raghubar Das.
Special passenger train service started[33] on 31 March 2017[34] from Barkakana Junction to Sidhwar station of Barkakana–Ranchi new line[35] section.
A trial run of the passenger train between Tatisilwai and Sanki railway stations (31.4 km) on Ranchi Barkakana's new rail line was conducted on 17 January 2018.[36]
The new railway line between Tatisilwai and Sanki was inaugurated by CM Ragubar Das on 29 August 2019. Two new pairs of passenger trains between Hatia and Sanki stations were implemented on 29 August 2019.[citation needed]
Road are the major means of transportation in the district. Three major expressways (NH-20, NH-23 and SH-2) pass through the district. The State Highways Authority of Jharkhand (SHAJ) is planning to construct a four-lane road between Patratu and Dhanbad[37] via Sayal, Naya Mor, Chas Mor and Raj Ganj.
National highway
The main national highways[38] crossing the district are NH-20 and NH-23.
National Highway 23 connects to NH-20 at Mahatma Gandhi Chowk, Ramgarh Cantonment.
State highways serving the area include State Highway No.2.[39]
Birsa Munda Airport (45 km (28 mi)) at Ranchi is the nearest airport. Direct links are available to prominent cities such asDelhi,Patna,Mumbai andKolkata.
The district holds a strong position on the mineral map of the country. The district is endowed with a large and rich deposit of coal andcoalbed methane (CBM) and also possesses various other minerals likelimestone as well asfire clay.
The coalfields of the Ramgarh district lie in the Damodar Valley. The important geological formation of the district is the Gondwana System and the rocks of the Damuda Group of Lower Gondwana age comprises the most important coal seams. The district's coal deposits are mainly found in South Karanpura, West Bokaro and Ramgarh coalfields.[40]
Ramgarh is an important industrial district of East India. Several mineral-based industries like steel, sponge iron, cement, refractory and thermal power plants are established due to the availability of coal and other minerals.[citation needed]
The main occupation of the people of Ramgarh is farming. There are three main agricultural seasons in the district:kharif,rabi, andzaid. Rice, maize,ragi, fruits and vegetables are the main crops[41] of the district.
Ramgarh Engineering College opened in 2013. The government is also planning to open Jharkhand state's first women's engineering college in Ramgarh.[47][as of?]
The government is planning to open a new ESI Medical College[48] in the district.[as of?]
Birsa Institute of Technical Education (B.I.T.E. Ramgarh)[49] opened in 2012 in Ramgarh.
The major and most celebrated fairs and festivals includeDiwali,Holi,Durga Puja orNavaratri,Dussehra,Ramanavami,Karam or Karma, Sarhul, Tusu, Eid, Sarsawati puja,Chhath, Makar Sankranti, andJivitputrika or Jitiya (Hindi:जिउतिया).[50] Due to the presence of industry and mining activities,Vishwakarma Puja is also an important festival. Makar Sankranti fair[51] at Rajrappa Mandir also attracts many people. Fairs are also organized during Jitiya,[52] Karma and other festivals.
Ramgarh has a variety of foods and cuisines. The most well-known and common cuisine in Ramgarh includesroti (chapati) orphulka, rice orbhat,dal,sabzi ortarkari andachar (South Asian pickles).Dhuska andbarra are popular local fast foods.Dhuska is made from rice andurad dal.Barra is also prepared using urad dal. Different types of flowers and leaves are used includingbamboo shoots (karil), fried pumpkin flowerpakora,khukri and mushroomtarkari.Khoyapedas of Rajrappa mandir is also a famous dry sweet.
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The Maa Chhinmastika temple (मां छिन्नमस्तिका मंदिर)[55] is situated atRajrappa (रजरप्पा), 28 km (17 mi) away fromRamgarh Cantonment on the confluence of riversDamodar and Bhairavi (भैरवी) or Bhera (भेड़ा). This temple is noted in theVedas andPuranas and it has been recognized as an ancient and strong source ofShakti, or divine energy. The Chhinamastika Temple is a place of Hindu pilgrimage. Devotees from all parts of the country visit this holy place throughout the year. The temple is very old and its architectural design is the same as that of other temples of tantrik importance, though its antiquity is yet to be dated. Marriages are also solemnized here on a large scale. The headless statue of the goddess Chhinamastika (छिन्नमस्तिका) stands upon the bodies ofKamdeo andRati in a lotus bed. A number of other temples have come up around the original temple, particularly, the temples ofMahavidyas (Tara, Shodashi, Bhubneswari, Bhairavi, Bagla, Kamla, Matangi, and Dhumavati) built in a series as well as other temples. These include theSun God temple,Lord Shiva temple,Hanuman temple, and MaKali temple. In Hindu mythology, Damodar is considered an incarnation of the god Shiva and while Bharvi is thegoddess Shakti. The confluence of both rivers in Rajrappa is considered a scared union of Damoder (Shiva) and Bharvai (Shakti). The water of the river Bharvi flows down from the top to the river Damoder which flows below, which also shows goddess ordevi power. Many take a dip in the river before offeringpuja. According to the chapter "Ramgarh" from the bookEast India Gazetteer by Walter Hamilton, published in 1828, as well asComprehensive History of Bihar by Dr. Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha published in 1974, there is no evidence of pilgrimage places like Rajrappa or existence of the Chhinamastika Temple at Rajrappa in the Ramgarh area of undivided Bihar.
A hundred years ago,[as of?] the Damodar river was known as Damuda;damu means 'sacred' andda means 'water' in theMundari language.Rajrappa means 'the burning place of kings' in Mundari;rappa means 'burn'. According to historian G. S. Sardesai, Rajputs from West India came to Bengal inPeshwa Nana Saheb's train. There was a last clash between Peshwa andRaghuji Bhonshle between present-day Gola and the Chitrapur mountain pass of Ramgarh in 1743. Peshwa's advance troops missed their passage to Ramgarh and turned towards the jungle, reaching an area near the confluence of the Bera river near Damuda. The missing unfortunate general was likely the Prince of Jawa (Mewar)Karam Singh with his troops, and they never joined Peshwa due to the dense forest and unknown mountain pass. Some Rajpoots passed away and were burnt there; later, this wild place was recognised as Rajrappa by Mundari-speaking people. After some years the area became prominent due to the daughter ofKaram Raja Tusu. She became asati by sacrificing her life in the Rajrappa waterfall after one day of Makar to get rid of Mirza Ramjani, brother of the deceased Mogul Nawab Siraj. After that, there was a tradition of immersing Tusu's idol at Rajrappa on the anniversary of her death. Later on, her soul was worshiped by her men[clarification needed] and local people at Rajrappa in a smallmandir by Sabar priest. Still now the Makarmela (fair) is very famous among the local people, but several years ago[when?] Tusu's immersion was declined for many reasons described by the natives. SomeBramhin priests from Medinpur settled near Rajrappa due to the gathering of people and the popularity of the small mandir. Tusu's name was later forgotten and her small mandir was shifted some feet above near the waterfall and converted to Chhinamastika Temple recently.[when?]
Rajrappa is not only famous forShakta pitha (शाफ्त पीठ, shrines) but is also apicnic spot. Food, cooking materials, groceries, milk, fruits and fresh vegetables are also available in the market.[citation needed]One portion of the sand beach by the river Bharvi is prepared for picnics bymadir samiti[definition needed] with the help of a caretaker or agent. They will provide space with Chatai,[definition needed] table, etc. after paying a nominal charge. During the rainy season the paid sand beach is submerged with water.[citation needed]
Rajrappa_Mandir.jpg)
Rajrappa_Mandir.jpg)
Event
Rajrappa Mohatsav:
The two-day grand Rajrappa Mahatsav is a tourism event organized for the promotion of the historic Rajrappa Temple ofJharkhand. With the joint efforts of Ramgarh District Administration,Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) authorities, CSR of corporate houses and Chinamastika Temple Administration, it was marked as a huge success on the first attempt. Many renowned artists including Abhijit Bhatacharya, Pooja Gaitonde,Chetan Joshi, Padamshree Mukund Nayak, Megha Dalton, and Bharat Sharma performed during the Mohatsav. The event was held for the first time on 25 and 26 February 2017.
Mahatama Gandhi Samadhi Sathal:[10]
Thissthal popularly known as Gandhi Ghat is situated on the bank of riverDamodar in Ramgarh.Mohandas K. Gandhi had visited[56] Ramgarh in 1940 at the time of theIndian National Congress session at Ramgarh. After the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948, the pitcher containing the remains of the departed were dispatched to different places of the country including Ramgarh. Asamadhi of Gandhiji was erected on it. Earlier, a fair used to be organized here on the occasion of the birthday and anniversary of Bapu[definition needed] but now this practice has been abandoned. The samadhi is made of black granite stones.
China Cemetery:[53] Situated 5 km (3.1 mi) away from Ramgarh Cantonment, the ChinaKabristan (cemetery) is a famous historical monument. At the outbreak of World War II, some soldiers who rose up againstMao Zedong, the leader of the ChineseCultural Revolution and who were also supporters of the friendly states, were captured and imprisoned at Ramgarh. After a few days the soldiers died of hunger and snakebites. A collective burial ground for the soldiers was made; there are a total of 667 graves. In the middle of the graveyard, a pillar in memory ofChiang Kai-shek was erected. The total area covered by the graveyard is around 7 acres (2.8 hectares). There is a Buddhist temple also in its vicinity. Three cantonments have come into existence around the graveyard.[citation needed] Inside the graveyard thepucca roads have been endorsed with rows of flowers. The ChinaKabristan is a material witness to the annals of the history of Ramgarh.[citation needed]
Megalithic sites of Ramgarh District:[57][58][59] Ramgarh district is very rich in ancient and historical sites. Differentmegalith sites have been identified near Chitarpur, Gola and Kuju.
_dam.jpg)
Patratu Dam orNalkari Dam: Constructed on Nalkari and other small rivers; it is around 5 km (3.1 mi) from Patratu. Surrounded by hills, forest and rivers, Nalkari dam is used for picnicking and boating.[60] The dam was constructed with the purpose of supplying water to Patratu Thermal Power Station. The total storage capacity of this dam is 81 square miles.[61] Boating began on 14 January 2010 on the dam. Patratu dam is located 28 km from Ramgarh Cantonment and 35 km from Ranchi.
Dhur-duria Fall: Dhur-duria Fall is situated near Sidhwar village, about 4 km (2.5 mi) from Ramgarh Cantonment. The fall is created on the course of Sherbhuki river. The road only goes up to Sidhwar village, so an approach road should be constructed from Sidhwar village to fall.[citation needed] The water falls from approximately 50 ft (15 m) height.[62]
Am-Jharia Fall: Situated near the border of Halwadi and Sidhwar village.[62]
Nimi Fall: Nimi Fall is situated near Nimi village and around 5 km (3.1 mi) from Bhurkunda.
Dhara Fall: Dhara Fall is situated near Khakara village under Gola Block. The government is planning to construct an approach road from NH-23 (between Gola and Peterwar) to the fall.[63]
Gandhaunia (Hindi:गंधौनिया (गरम पानी कुंड)): Situated at about 20 km (12 mi). near Mandu.[clarification needed] It is a hot water spring (pond).[64]
Chutupallu: Situated about 10 km (6.2 mi) from Ramgarh on the Ramgarh - RanchiNH 33 is a hill top with manydhabas (roadside eateries) and motels in the way after crossing Chutupallu that offer food.[citation needed]
Bankhetta: Situated near Chutupallu. Water falls from a height giving the feeling of rainfall in a cave when someone claps inside.
Liril Fall: Situated between Ramgarh and Chutupallu, it looks like the fall from the oldLiril soap advertisement. It is popularly known as Liril Fall.
Barso Paani: Situated at about 30 km (19 mi) from Ramgarh, near Charhi towards Hazaribagh. Water falls from the ceiling, giving the feeling of rainfall in a cave when someone claps.
Hundru Fall: The Hundru Fall located near the Ranchi-Ramgarh district border is created on the course of the Subarnarekha River.[20]
Lok Sabha Constituencies: Hazaribagh[65]Vidhan Sabha Constituencies:[65]
| District | No. | Constituency | Name | Party | Alliance | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramgarh | 22 | Barkagaon | Roshan Lal Choudhary | |||||
| 23 | Ramgarh | Mamta Devi | INC | MGB | ||||
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Fiji 883,125 July 2011 est.
Delaware 897,934
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Places adjacent to Ramgarh district | |
|---|---|
23°37′12″N85°31′12″E / 23.62000°N 85.52000°E /23.62000; 85.52000
