 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ramathibodi II" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Ramathibodi II รามาธิบดีที่ ๒ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King of Ayutthaya | |||||
 | |||||
| King of Siam | |||||
| Reign | 1491 – July[1]/10 October 1529 | ||||
| Predecessor | Borommarachathirat III | ||||
| Successor | Borommarachathirat IV | ||||
| Born | 1472/73[2] | ||||
| Died | July[3]/10 October 1529 (aged 57)[4] | ||||
| Issue | KingAthittayawong KingChairacha KingThianracha[5]: 71 | ||||
| |||||
| House | Suphannaphum Dynasty | ||||
| Father | Trailokanat | ||||
Chettathirat (Thai:เชษฐาธิราช,Jeṣṭhādhirāja) or (upon accession to the Ayutthayan throne)Ramathibodi II (Thai:รามาธิบดีที่ ๒; 1472/73[6] – July[7]/10 October 1529) was the King of Sukhothai from 1485 and King of Ayutthaya from 1491 to 1529.[8][9] His reign was marked by the first Western Contact with thePortuguese.[5]: 242
Prince Chettathirat was the youngest ofTrailokanat's three sons. His eldest brother, PrinceBorommaracha, was appointed the regent of Ayutthaya during his father's campaigns againstLanna kingdom. His other brother, Prince Indraracha, died during the wars with Lanna. In 1485, Prince Chettathirat was appointed theUparaja, orCrown Prince, and was crowned as the King ofSukhothai (The title King of Sukhothai was the title of Ayutthayan Crown Prince.)
In 1488, Trailokanat died. Though Chettathirat was the Crown Prince, the Ayutthayan throne was inherited by his brother Prince Borommaracha, asBorommaracha III. In 1491, Borommaracha III died, leaving the throne to Chettathirat, thus reuniting the two kingdoms.
Chettathiraj took the reigning name in Ayutthaya as Ramathibodi II.
In 1500, Ramathibodi II sent the Siamese armies tosubjugate theSultanate of Malacca. Though unable to conquer Malacca, Siam managed to exact tributes from the Malacca sultanate and other sultanates likePattani,Pahang, andKelantan.
In 1511, however,Malacca fell to the Portuguese underAfonso de Albuquerque. Albuquerque's embassy, under the leadership ofDuarte Fernandes, arrived in Siam in 1518. These were the first Europeans in Siam. Rama Tibodi II signed a treaty with them giving the Portuguese "complete commercial freedom", the right to establish Christian missions and build churches.[10]: 36
In 1513, King Kaew of Lanna invaded Sukhothai. Ramathibodi II led the Siamese armies to crush the invading armies and proceeded further to Lanna heartlands. In 1515, he sackedLampang (a Southeast Asian practice to sack but not to occupy). He then appointed his son,Prince Athittayawong as King of Sukhothai.
In Southeast Asia, manpower was the source of other powers. In 1518, Ramathibodi II established the SiameseCorvée system, the very system that lasted until itsabolition by Chulalongkorn in 1905. The Siamese commoners - calledphrai (Thai:ไพร่) - were subjected to lifelong labour service to the government. All Siamese men aged 18 would be registered to be conscripted - to be sent to war (Phrai Thaan) or public construction (Phrai luang). It was similar to modern form of conscription. However, the Siamese Corvée system existed in various forms.Krom Phra Suratsawadi, a department of the royalbureaucracy, oversawconscription.
Ramathibodi II died in July[11] or 10 October 1529, during which a greatcomet appeared as recorded in the Siamese Chronicles:[clarification needed]
...InChula Sakarat 891, being the Year of the Ox, an aerial sign, like an arrow of theGod Indra, was seen in the air from the southwest to the northwest, having the color of white. On Sunday, the 8th day of the waxing moon in the 12th month, Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Chao passed away.
His son, Prince Athittayawong, succeeded to the throne asBorommaracha IV.[12]
| Ancestors of Ramathibodi II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)Ramathibodi II Born: 1473 Died: 10 October 1529 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | King of Ayutthaya 1491–1529 | Succeeded by |
| Vacant Title last held by Ramesuan | Viceroy of Ayutthaya 1485–1491 | Vacant Title next held by Athittayawong |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Ruler of Phitsanulok 1488–1491 | Succeeded by |