 | This articledoes notcite anysources. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged andremoved. Find sources: "Raising" sound change – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Sound change andalternation |
|---|
| Fortition |
| Dissimilation |
Inphonology andphonetics,raising is a sound change in which avowel orconsonant becomeshigher orraised, meaning that the tongue becomes more elevated or positioned closer to the roof of the mouth than before. The opposite effect is known aslowering. Raising or lowering may be triggered by a nearby sound, when it is a form ofassimilation, or it may occur on its own.
Ini-mutation, a front vowel is raised before/i/ or/j/, which is assimilation.
In theAttic dialect ofAncient Greek and inKoine Greek, close-mid/eːoː/ were raised to/iːuː/. The change occurred in all cases and was not triggered by a nearby front consonant or vowel. Later, Ancient Greek/ɛː/ was raised to become Koine Greek[eː] and then[iː]. For more information, seeAncient Greek phonology § Vowel raising and fronting
InCzech, thealveolar trill/r/ was raised before/i/ to become theraised alveolar trill/r̝/, spelled⟨ř⟩ as in⟨Dvořák⟩. That is a form ofpalatalization, and it also occurred inPolish in which it became a simplesibilant fricative/ʐ/ (spelled⟨rz⟩ or⟨ż⟩) around the 16th century. The pronunciation[r̝] inPolish is considered to be nonstandard and is used only by some older speakers.
