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Theseventh Mandala of theRigveda ("book 7", "RV 7") has 104 hymns. In theRigveda Anukramani, all hymns in this book are attributed toVashista. Hymn 32 is additionally credited to Sakti Vashista, and hymns 101-102 (toParjanya) are additionally credited to Kumara Agneya.It is one of the "family books" (mandalas 2-7), the oldest core of the Rigveda, which were composed in early vedic period (1500-1000 BCE).[1]
The hymns are dedicated toAgni,Indra, theVisvadevas, theMaruts,Mitra-Varuna, theAsvins,Ushas (Dawn),Indra-Varuna,Varuna,Vayu (Wind), two each toSarasvati,Rudra, theWaters, theAdityas,Vishnu,Vastospati,Brhaspati, one each to theApris, toVashista,Savitar,Bhaga, theDadhikras, theRbhus,Dyaus andPrthivi (Heaven and Earth),Parjanya (Rain) and Indra-Soma. 7.103 is dedicated to thefrogs.
Therivers mentioned in the 7th Mandala are theSarasvati,Asikni,Parusni and possibly theYamuna (in 7.18.19 the name of a helper of Indra, maybe also the name of a woman or goddess). Hymns 95 and 96 are entirely dedicated to Sarasvati.
The verse 7.59.12, probably a late addition, gained importance asMahāmrityunjaya Mantra or Tryambakam mantra.[2]
TheBattle of the Ten Kings (dāśarājñá) is a battle alluded to in theRigveda (Book 7, hymns 18, 33 and 83.4-8), the ancient Indian sacred collection ofSanskrit hymns. The battle took place during the middle or mainVedic period,[3] near theRavi river inPunjab. It was a battle between thePuru kingdom, allied with other tribes of thenorthwestern India, guided by the royal sageVishvamitra, and theBharata kingSudas, who defeated the Purus.
Works related toThe Rig Veda/Mandala 7 at Wikisource – English translation byRalph T. H. Griffith