RPG Maker

Original author(s)	ASCII
Developer(s)	Enterbrain Gotcha Gotcha Games
Initial release	December 17, 1992; 32 years ago (1992-12-17) asRPG Tsukūru Dante 98
Stable release	RPG Maker MZ / August 27, 2020; 4 years ago (2020-08-27)
Written in	JavaScript,HTML5
Platform	PlayStation PlayStation 2 PlayStation 3 PlayStation 4 Super Famicom Game Boy Color Game Boy Advance Nintendo DS Nintendo 3DS Nintendo Switch Sega Saturn PC-8801 PC-9801 MSX2 Microsoft Windows macOS Linux
Available in	Japanese,English,Korean,Chinese
Type	Game creation software
License	Proprietary
Website	www.rpgmakerweb.com

RPG Maker, known inJapan asRPG Tsukūru (RPGツクール, sometimes romanized asRPG Tkool), is a series of programs for thedevelopment ofrole-playing video games (RPGs) with genre-driven varieties as well asmachinima, originally created by the Japanese groupASCII. The Japanese name,Tsukūru, is a pun mixing the Japanese wordtsukuru (作る), which means "make" or "create", withtsūru (ツール), the Japanese transliteration of the English word "tool".^[1]

TheRPG Maker series was originally released primarily in Japan, but it was translated by fans^[2] in Taiwan, South Korea, China, Russia, and North America withRPG Maker 2000 andRPG Maker 2003.^[3] Most of the later engines have been officially translated and created by successors,Enterbrain and Gotcha Gotcha Games.

RPG Maker is a program that allows users to create their ownrole-playing video games. Most versions include a tile set based map editor (tilesets are calledchipsets in pre-XP versions), a simplescripting language for scripting events, and a battle editor. All versions include initial premade tilesets, characters, and events which can be used in creating new games. One feature of the PC versions ofRPG Maker programs is that a user can create new tilesets and characters, and add any new graphics the user wants.

Despite being geared towards creatingrole-playing video games, the engine also has the capability to create games of other genres, such as adventure games (likeYume Nikki), story-driven games or visual novels with minimal tweaking.

According to Enterbrain,RPG Tsukūru Dante 98, released on December 17, 1992, was the first software of theRPG Maker series,^[4][5] although there were a few versions of RPG making software by ASCII preceding it, dating back to 1988.^[6] This, along with its follow-upRPG Tsukūru Dante 98 II, was made forNEC PC-9801, and games created with these programs can be played on a Windows computer withemulators called Dante for Windows and D2win, respectively.^[7]RPG Maker was a product that came from various programs that ASCII Corporation had included inASCII along with other users' code submitted to it, which the company decided to expand and publish into the standalone game-making toolkit.^[8]

RPG Maker 95 was the firstMicrosoft Windows-based RPG Maker software. Despite being an early version,RPG Maker 95 has both a higher screen resolution, and higher sprite and tile resolution than the several following versions.

RPG Maker 2000, also referred to as RM2k, was the second release ofRPG Maker forMicrosoft Windows and is the most popular and usedRPG Maker so far.^{[citation needed]} While it is possible to do more with RM2k, it uses lower resolution sprites and tiles thanRPG Maker 95, but it does not have a noticeable limit of 'sprites'. Unlike RM95, which can only use one 'set', RM2k can use an unlimited number of sprite sheets with specific sizes for each type. The tilesets also have a similar non-limitation, but because tiles must be entered into a database, there is a limit on tiles. This limit however is rarely a problem (normally 5000), and even when it is, anunofficial patch exists which can bump most limits much higher at the risk of potential game corruption. It does not support text output and can program only two buttons, Z and X. There is text in dialog boxes, by manner of overlaying sprites, or maps lain with text, but not plainly on the screen.

RPG Maker 2003, also referred to as RM2k3, is largely an improvement of RM2k. RM2k games can be ported to RM2k3 (but not back to RM2k, the conversion is permanent), and most resources are interchangeable. The main difference is the introduction of a side-view battle system similar to that found in theFinal Fantasy games on theSuper NES and theSonyPlayStation. This was the first version made byEnterbrain, which had previously been a part ofASCII. The popularity of this version among the Japanese RPGmaker community has lead to it getting a notable unofficial patch known as the Maniacs Patch,^[9] which adds new features and functionality to the engine.

RPG Maker XP (also referred to as RMXP) was released on 16 September 2005.^[10] It is the firstRPG Maker which can useRuby, making it far more powerful than previous versions programming-wise. However, many normal, simplified features present in RM2k(3) have been removed. Most of these features have been programmed with Ruby, and distributed online. RMXP runs at1024x768 resolution (though games made in it run at 640x480), while offering four times the playable area of its predecessors. By default, games ran at 40 frames per second, though the game's scripts can be modified to set the framerate to any value. Additionally, it allows greater user control over sprite size (there is no specific image size regulation for sprite sheets) and other aspects of game design. This more open-ended arrangement, coupled with the inclusion of the Ruby Game Scripting System (RGSS [ja]), makesRPG Maker XP more versatile than older versions in the series, at the cost of a steeper learning curve. This was named afterWindows XP which was active from 2001 to 2014.

ThePokémon Essentials pack, one of the main methods of makingPokémonfan games, was exclusive toRPG Maker XP and never ported to any later engine, causingXP to be widely used for such games more than a decade later, such as in makingPokémon Uranium. It was taken down in 2018 due to acease and desist order byNintendo, though it continues to circulate on the internet.^[11]

RPG Maker VX (RPGツクールVX,RPG Tsukūru VX) was released in Japan on December 27, 2007, and in the West on February 29, 2008. Theframe rate was increased to 60 frames per second, providing smoother animation. The engine still used the Ruby programming language, but the game's default programming was overhauled to allow more freedom for scripting in new features. A new editor and RTP were included, this time in a much simpler "blocky" style. The default battle system is comparable to that of theDragon Quest series or its predecessor RM2k, with a head-on view of the battlefield and detailed text descriptions of each action taken.

However, the lack of support for multiple tilesets when mapping represented a notable downgrade from the engine's predecessor, leaving the player with only a finite number of unique tiles with which to depict all the game's environments. Multiple player-made workarounds were created.

RPG Maker VX Ace was released in Japan on December 15, 2011,^[12] and the West on March 15, 2012. It was later made available throughSteam, and is also available physically.^[13]VX Ace, an upgraded version ofVX, addressed the tileset issue. Battle backgrounds were re-introduced, and are separated into top and bottom halves. Spells, skills, and items can all now have their own damage and recovery formulas, although a quick calculation method reminiscent of the older RPG Makers is available. TheVX RTP was redesigned forVX Ace, and a new soundtrack featuring higher quality techno-pop tracks was included. WithVX Ace came a large quantity of DLC Resource Packages offered by Enterbrain, also available through Steam.

Released by Degica on October 23, 2015,RPG Maker MV includes a large number of changes over previous versions, with multiplatform support, side-view battles, and high-resolution features.^[14] It is the first engine in the series to useJavaScript instead of Ruby, with the addition of plugins. Completed games can be played on PC and mobile devices.RPG Maker MV also goes back to layered tilesets, a feature that was removed inRPG Maker VX andVX Ace. UnlikeRPG Maker XP, which allowed users to manually choose which layers to build on,MV automatically stacks tiles on top of other tiles.^[15] It also came out on consoles under the nameRPG Tsukūru MV Trinity. It was originally announced to only be on PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch but was later announced to also be on Xbox One. This release was later cancelled.^[16] It was released on Nintendo Switch and PlayStation 4 in Japan on November 15, 2018, and was released in North America and Europe in September 2020.^[17][18]

RPG Maker MZ, a minor upgrade to the engine ofMV, was released worldwide on August 20, 2020.^[19]MZ's new features include the Effekseer particle system, anautosave function, and often-requestedXP-style autolayer mechanics. LikeMV, it allows users to develop plugins usingJavaScript.RPG Maker MZ received mostly positive feedback from users, who praised its additional features and the return of theXP layer mechanics, though its similarity toRPG Maker MV drew a mixed response.

RPG Maker Unite is an asset for theUnity game engine based onRPG Maker.^[20] It was released on the Unity store in May 2023 and on Epic Games Store in February 2024.

The first consoleRPG Maker,RPG Tsukūru Super Dante, debuted in 1995 for theSuper Famicom, as a port ofRPG Tsukūru Dante 98.^[5]RPG Tsukūru Super Dante was later broadcast via the Super Famicom'sSatellaview accessory.

RPG Maker GB is the first console^[21] portable version ofRPG Maker.

In 2000,RPG Maker was released for the Sony PlayStation, but only a limited number of copies were made for releases outside of Japan. The software allowed user-made characters, and monsters through Anime Maker which was separate from the RPG Maker, which required saving to an external memory card, but there was a limit to how many user-made sprites and monsters could be used inRPG Maker. Also, in Anime Maker, the user could create larger sprites for a theater-type visual novel in which the player could animate and control characters, but these sprites were much larger and unusable inRPG Maker.

TheRPG Maker interface was somewhat user-friendly, and battles were front-view style only. Item, Monster, Skill/Magic, and Dungeons had a small limit cap, as did the effects of any given Item, Magic or Skill (9,999). Items were all inclusive; Weapons and Armors were created in the Items interface. The types of items were as follows: None (mainly used for Key Items), Weapon, Armor, Key (up to eight sub types), Magic (for binding Magic created in the Magic interface to an item), Healing, and Food (which raises stats and EXP, or experience points in which this particular software is the only one of the series to do so natively).

Events were a separate save file from the System file, and are referred to as Scenario files. This is how the user could make multiple parts to one game, provided the user had enough memory cards and card space to create the files.

A version for theNintendo 3DS was released byNIS America on June 27, 2017. While it remains portable on a small screen, users can create games on-the-go and also download games to play as well. The game received some criticism, with NintendoWorldReport saying that the title would be more suitable to hardcore RPG fans, who want to create their own game, rather than for every type of player.^[22] Games completed can be uploaded to the RPG Maker Fes Player app for those to download and play on their own systems. It is the secondRPG Maker to receive a limited edition (the previous one beingRPG Tsukūru DS) which includes a CD soundtrack in a jewel case containing all the soundtracks in the game, and a full-color paperback artbook. It is the firstRPG Maker on consoles/handhelds to receive a digital release.

Historically, few earlyRPG Maker versions had official English releases. Each Windows version has, however, been subject to unlicensed distribution through the internet in some form or other.^[23]RPG Maker 95, as well as translation patches for theSuper Famicom titlesRPG Maker Super Dante andRPG Maker 2, were translated and distributed by a group called KanjiHack. In 1999, KanjiHack closed upon receiving acease-and-desist e-mail from ASCII's lawyers.RPG Maker 95 was re-released with a more complete translation under the nameRPG Maker 95+ by a Russian programmer, under the alias of Don Miguel,^[24] who later translated and releasedRPG Maker 2000. Later versions,RPG Maker 2003, andRPG Maker XP, were similarly translated and distributed by a programmer under the alias of RPG Advocate.

The first official English release of the PC series was ofRPG Maker XP on September 16, 2005. The next two versions of the software,RPG Maker VX andRPG Maker VX Ace both received official English releases. Since 2010 English versions ofRPG Maker have been published by Degica, who have also officially released English versions of the older titlesRPG Maker 2000 andRPG Maker 2003.

The first official English language of a console version was thePlayStation version in 2000, simply calledRPG Maker, byAgetec. Agetec also localizedRPG Maker 2 and3.

RPG Maker variants are re-implemented by the open-source Open RPG Maker, MKXP and EasyRPG editors and interpreters.^[25][26]

By August 2005, the series had sold more than two million copies worldwide.^[4] Later Steam releases are estimated to have sold nearly 1 million units by April 2018, according toSteam Spy.^[27] Since its first release, the series has been used to create numerous titles, both free and commercial. According toPC Gamer, it has become "the go-to tool for aspiring developers who want to make a game and sell it", due to being "the most accessible game engine around".^[28] In addition to games, the series has been used for other purposes, such as studies involving students learning mathematics through the creation of role-playing games,^[29] and programming.^[30]

One of the earlyRPG Maker games in the 21st century wasSuper Columbine Massacre RPG!, generated controversy by audiences and Columbine victims, later attributed the importance of independent video game as anart game.^[31]

With the release of 2012 video gameIb, it has been credited with helping popularize its engine's use in developing more story-driven and horror games thanrole-playing games.

SomeRPG Maker video games received critical acclaim, and later adapted into multimedia franchises only produced in Japan includingAngels of Death,Ao Oni andCorpse Party.

TheRPG Maker engine is sometimes used formachinima as a part of the animation and video game medium. Prominent works made inRPG Maker engine include the web-seriesSlimey (2011), and Studio Moonchalk'sDistortion (2023) andLove and Friendship (2024), all released exclusively onYouTube.

A number of developers who have created notable games viaRPG Maker include:

Films and web-series made in RPG Maker engine can be found on the list below:

A formerRPG Maker developerDanny Ledonne directed a documentaryPlaying Columbine, about the controversy surrounding his 2005 video gameSuper Columbine Massacre RPG!.

• Fighter Maker
• Game Maker
• Sim RPG Maker
• Sound Novel Tsukūru
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• Kadokawa Dwango franchises
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