 | |
 A building with the Energia logo on it | |
Native name | Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва |
|---|---|
| Formerly | RSC Energia RKK "Energiya" NPO Energia TsKBEM OKB-1 |
| Company type | Public |
| Industry | Aerospace,defense |
| Founded | 26 August 1946; 78 years ago (1946-08-26)[1] |
| Founders | Sergei Korolev |
| Headquarters | , Russia |
| Revenue | US$726 million (2017)[2] |
| US$37.8 million (2017)[2] | |
| US$21.1 million (2017)[2] | |
| Total assets | US$1.97 billion (2017)[2] |
| Total equity | US$65.3 million (2017)[2] |
| Owner | United Rocket and Space Corporation (38.2%)[3] |
Number of employees | 7,791 (2017)  |
| Website | energia.ru/english |
S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" (Russian:Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва,romanized: Raketno-kosmicheskaya korporatsiya «Energiya» im. S. P. Korolyova) is a Russian manufacturer ofspacecraft andspace station components. Its name is derived from the Russian word for energy and is also named forSergei Pavlovich Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau and the driving force behind early Soviet accomplishments in space exploration.
Energia is the largest company of theRussian space industry and one of its key players. It is responsible for all operations involving human spaceflight and is the lead developer of theSoyuz andProgress spacecraft, and the lead developer of the Russian end of theInternational Space Station (ISS). In the mid-2000s, the company employed 22,000–30,000 people.[4]
The enterprise has been awarded 4Orders of Lenin,Order of the October Revolution and Russian Federation President's Message of Thanks. In addition, 14cosmonauts employed by the company have been awarded the title "Hero of the Russian Federation".[5]
The company consists of the following subsidiaries and branches:[5]
As of 2009[update], 38% of the company's stock was owned by the Russian state.[5]
The company was founded on 26 August 1946[1][a] and has been known successively as:
It is named after the first chief of its design bureauSergei Korolev (1946–1966). His successors as chief designers were:Vasily Mishin (1966–1974),Valentin Glushko (1974–1989),Yuriy Semenov [ru] (1989–2005),Nikolai Sevastianov (2005–2007). Its President and Chief designer wasVitaly Lopota, until 1 August 2014.[7]
Korolev's design bureau was, beginning with the first artificial satelliteSputnik 1 and the first crewed spaceflight ofVostok 1, responsible for a major part of the Soviet space program. It was the main rival ofOKB-52 (later known asTsKBM, then the design bureau ofVladimir Chelomei) during theSoviet crewed lunar programs and theSoviet space station program.[8] OKB-1 was among others responsible for the development of the crewedSoyuz spacecraft and itsSoyuz rocket, theN1 "Moon Shot" rocket, large parts of theSalyut space station program, the uncrewedProgress resupply craft and designed theEnergia rocket for theBuran space shuttle program. Since the early beginnings of theLuna programme it designed many space probes, among others of theVenera,Zond andMars program.
The company continues to dominate a large part of the Russian space program, and a considerable part of the World's space program, with its Soyuz spacecraft having become the only crewed spacecraft conducting regular flights and the exclusive crew transport vehicle for theInternational Space Station from theSpace Shuttle retirement in 2011 and until the maiden flight ofCrew Dragon Endeavour in 2020. The ChineseShenzhou program is the only other program in the world with planned semi-regular crewed spaceflights.
The President ofEnergia,Vitaly Lopota, was removed from his post as president on August 1, 2014.Dmitry Rogozin indicated that this was the start of "long-awaited personnel reform in [the Russian] space industry... Tough times require tough decisions".[7] Lopota was offered the position of vice president for technological development in theUnited Rocket and Space Corporation,[7] the new company formed in 2013 to re-nationalize the Russian space industry.[9]
Energia builds:
Over the years the products of Energia and its predecessors included:
Including meteorological rockets as their modifications:
Committee of Innovative Youth Projects (Russian: Комитет инновационных проектов молодежи) also known asKIPM of RSC Energia is a network structure that unites specialists and heads of different divisions to quickly develop and launch innovative products. KIPM was established in early 2016 on the initiative of a group of young engineers from the RSC Energia. The main task of the new structure is to give young specialists the opportunity to realize their creative ideas. The main criterion for projects selecting is their potential demand in the market.
Currently KIPM work on five projects:
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