Quzhou 衢州市 Chuchow | |
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 Shuiting Gate of the Quzhou City Wall | |
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 Location of Quzhou City jurisdiction in Zhejiang | |
  Quzhou Quzhou (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates (Quzhou municipal government):28°58′13″N118°51′33″E / 28.9702°N 118.8593°E /28.9702; 118.8593 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Zhejiang |
| County-level divisions | 6 |
| Municipal seat | Kecheng District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Xu Wenguang (徐文光) |
| Area | |
| 8,846 km2 (3,415 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,008.9 km2 (389.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
| 2,276,184 | |
| • Density | 260/km2 (670/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 902,767 |
| • Urban density | 290/km2 (760/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 902,767 |
| • Metro density | 890/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 163.9 billion US$ 22.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 71,766 US$ 10,115 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 324000 |
| Area code | 0570 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-ZJ-08 |
| License Plate Prefix | 浙H |
| City tree | Camphor |
| City flower | Osmanthus |
| Website | quzhou |
| Quzhou | |||||||||||
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| Chinese | 衢州 | ||||||||||
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Quzhou[a] is aprefecture-level city in westernZhejiangprovince, People's Republic of China. Sitting on the upper course of theQiantang River, it bordersHangzhou to the north,Jinhua to the east,Lishui to the southeast, and the provinces ofFujian,Jiangxi andAnhui to the south, southwest and northwest respectively. Its population was 2,276,184 inhabitants as of the2020 census of whom 902,767 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Qujiang and Kecheng urban Districts.[4]Chinese actress and singerZhou Xun was born in Quzhou.
During theSouthern Song dynasty the descendant ofConfucius atQufu, theDuke Yansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly establishedJin dynasty (1115–1234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] From that time up until theYuan dynasty, there were two Duke Yanshengs, once in the north in Qufu and the other in the south at Quzhou. An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty EmperorKublai Khan. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation,[5]: 572 [6][7]: 14 [12] so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng. The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000.[13][14] TheHanlin Academy rank of Wujing boshi (五經博士) was awarded to the southern branch at Quzhou by a Ming Emperor while the northern branch at Qufu held the title Duke Yansheng.[5]: 575 [7]: 14 [15][16] Kong Ruogu (孔若古) aka Kong Chuan (孔傳)[7]: 5 47th generation[17][18][19][20][21][22] was claimed to be the ancestor of the Southern branch after Kong Zhu died by Northern branch member Kong Guanghuang.[5]: 575 [8] The leader of the southern branch is Kong Xiangkai (孔祥楷).[23]
During theSecond World War,Imperial Japanese army usedbacteriological weapons in Quzhou, spreadingplague,typhoid and other diseases in Quzhou, as well as inNingbo andChangde. As a result, between 1940 and 1948 more than 300,000 Chinesecivilians in the area contracted the plague and other diseases, and an estimated 50,000 died in Quzhou alone.[24]
On April 18, 1942, hours afterbombing Tokyo, six US ArmyB-25 bombers crash landed near Quzhou after running out of fuel, including the leader of the raid, Lieutenant ColonelJimmy Doolittle.
Theprefecture-level city of Quzhou administers 2districts, 1county-level city, and 3counties.
| Map | ||||||
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| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | |||
| 1 | Kecheng District | 柯城区 | Kēchéng Qū | |||
| 2 | Qujiang District | 衢江区 | Qújiāng Qū | |||
| 3 | Jiangshan City | 江山市 | Jiāngshān Shì | |||
| 4 | Changshan County | 常山县 | Chángshān Xiàn | |||
| 5 | Kaihua County | 开化县 | Kāihuà Xiàn | |||
| 6 | Longyou County | 龙游县 | Lóngyóu Xiàn | |||
The centre of Quzhou sits on a broad basin along theQu River [zh], a tributary of theQiantang River. The Qu River flows roughly southeast for 81.5 km (50.6 mi) and is flanked on both sides by hills. Almost all the rivers of Quzhou feed into the Qiantang, which ultimately empties intoHangzhou Bay.
The terrain is higher in the west and the east. The territory of Quzhou Municipality is made up of plains (15%), hills (36%), and mountains (49%). In the north is theQianli Gang (千里岗) mountain range and in the west theYu Mountains (玉山脉). The highest mountains, the range known as theXianxia Ling (仙霞岭), lie in the south. The highest point in the city is atDalong Gang (大龙岗), which rises to 1,500 m above sea level.
70.7% of the land is covered with forest. The rest is densely irrigated and farmed, producingcitrus fruits,tea andmulberry leaves.
The north China plain is an important grain-producing areas is also the key area of nitrogen loss, Quzhou nitrogen loss in 2017 about 9000 tons, through effective to improve crops (wheat, corn, vegetables and animal (pig, eggs) in the production of reasonable management to further improve the Quzhou has been the development of the north China plain green agriculture.[25]
Quzhou has ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa) with four distinctive seasons, characterised by hot, humid summers and chilly, cloudy and drier winters (with occasional snow). The mean annual temperature is 17.31 °C (63.2 °F), with monthly daily averages ranging from 5.4 °C (41.7 °F) in January to 28.7 °C (83.7 °F) in July. The city receives an average annual rainfall of 1,665.1 millimetres (65.6 in) and is affected by theplum rains of the Asian monsoon in June, when average relative humidity also peaks. The frost-free period lasts 251–261 days. Winds along the Qiantang River valley are predominantly north-easterly and north-east-easterly. Occasionallytyphoons blow in from thePacific Ocean. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 25% in March to 59% in August, the city receives 1,810 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Quzhou, elevation 82 m (269 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.2 (82.8) | 34.2 (93.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 36.8 (98.2) | 39.0 (102.2) | 40.9 (105.6) | 42.1 (107.8) | 39.6 (103.3) | 36.1 (97.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 26.4 (79.5) | 42.1 (107.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 12.5 (54.5) | 16.6 (61.9) | 22.8 (73.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 34.2 (93.6) | 33.7 (92.7) | 29.5 (85.1) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.6 (65.5) | 12.5 (54.5) | 22.6 (72.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 25.3 (77.5) | 29.1 (84.4) | 28.7 (83.7) | 24.8 (76.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 13.8 (56.8) | 7.8 (46.0) | 17.9 (64.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) | 4.6 (40.3) | 8.2 (46.8) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.5 (65.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 21.2 (70.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 4.3 (39.7) | 14.3 (57.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.3) | −8.9 (16.0) | −2.9 (26.8) | 2.1 (35.8) | 9.4 (48.9) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 2.1 (35.8) | −3.6 (25.5) | −7 (19) | −10.4 (13.3) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 91.2 (3.59) | 108.6 (4.28) | 189.4 (7.46) | 204.0 (8.03) | 211.1 (8.31) | 360.0 (14.17) | 167.8 (6.61) | 128.2 (5.05) | 76.9 (3.03) | 52.2 (2.06) | 85.7 (3.37) | 71.1 (2.80) | 1,746.2 (68.76) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.8 | 13.3 | 17.6 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 9.3 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 10.5 | 156.5 |
| Average snowy days | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 7.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 79 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 76 | 81 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 73 | 77 | 77 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 93.2 | 92.8 | 109.6 | 128.5 | 145.4 | 124.9 | 226.8 | 214.6 | 178.8 | 168.5 | 129.3 | 124.3 | 1,736.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 28 | 29 | 29 | 33 | 35 | 30 | 53 | 53 | 49 | 48 | 41 | 39 | 39 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[26][27][28]all-time extreme temperature[29] | |||||||||||||
As of 2003, Quzhou municipality registered a population of 2,578,100. The vast majority areHan Chinese (99.16%) but there are also small minorities ofShe (0.73%) andHui,Zhuang,Manchu andMiao (together making up 0.1%). Most of the people in Quzhou are engaged in agriculture (2,035,100). The genders are roughly evenly split. Population density is 273 people per km2. At any given time there are a handful of foreign (mainly European and Australian) teachers at the schools and university of Quzhou, as well as alleged but never seen Russian Military Personnel who work and advise at the military base.[citation needed]
Quzhou is well served by both railways and highways. The city of Quzhou is a major connection hub between the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi and Fujian, with theZhegan Railroad running through southern Quzhou and the Qu River flowing past northern Quzhou.A local saying goes: "Four provinces through Qu, it's the head of five roads" (四省通衢、五路总头)[citation needed].
Quzhou Airport, ranked as class 4C, is located 3 km (1.9 mi) away from east side of city centre,[30] and this airport was built in 22nd year of Republic of China (1933).The destinations are Beijing, Chongqing, Haikou, Jinan, Qingdao, Kunming, Dalian, Guiyang, Xi'an and Shenzhen. Airplane timetable and more information can be found onQuzhou airport official website.The nearest large-scale airport isHangzhou International Airport, and its information can be found onHangzhou International Airport Official Website
One of the most famous railway passes through the city isShanghai-Kunming Railway with a speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). This railway has three stations in city, which areLongyou railway station,Quzhou railway station,Jiangshan railway station, Changshan Station, Kaihua Station. More information can be found onQuzhou Railway WebsiteArchived 2014-03-03 at theWayback Machine
Quzhou South Station, also named as Quzhou Express Station (衢州快客站),located in No.209 Shang Street, has 27 buses to Hangzhou, 18 to Jinhua, 8 to Ningbo, 6 to Wenzhou, and 3 to Shanghai daily. Another Express Station is located in He Hua Middle Road (荷花中路), on the south of newly built train station, and its destinations cover most cities in Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province. More bus information can be found onhttps://web.archive.org/web/20111231062848/http://www.icha.com.cn/RailwayStation/130.Html
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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