Qusayy ibn Kilab قصي بن كلاب | |
|---|---|
زيد بن كلاب | |
| 1st Chief ofQuraysh | |
| Succeeded by | Abd Manaf ibn Qusai |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Zayd ibn Kilab 400 |
| Died | 480 (aged 79–80) |
| Spouse | Hubba bint Hulail |
| Children | Abd al-Dar (son) Abd Manaf (son) Abd al-Uzza (son) |
| Parent(s) | Kilab ibn Murrah (father) Fatimah bint Sa'd (mother) |
| Relatives | Zuhrah ibn Kilab (brother) |
| Known for | Ancestor of Islamic ProphetMuhammad |
Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah (Arabic:قصي بن كلاب بن مرة,Qusayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murrah; ca. 400–480), also spelledQusayy,Kusayy,Kusai, orCossai, bornZayd (Arabic:زيد),[1] was anIshmaelite descendant ofAbraham. Orphaned early on, he would rise to become chief ofMecca, and leader of theQuraysh tribe.[2] He is best known for being anancestor of theIslamic prophetMuhammad as well as the third and the fourthRashidun caliphs,Uthman andAli, and the laterUmayyad,Abbasid, andFatimidcaliphs along with several of the most prominentHashemite dynasties in the orient.[3]
His father wasKilab ibn Murrah who died when Qusai was an infant. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant ofIbrahim (Abraham) through his sonIsmail (Ishmael). His elder brotherZuhrah ibn Kilab was the progenitor of theBanu Zuhrah clan. After his father's death his motherFatimah bint Sa'd ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him toSyria, where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.[4] His uncle wasTaymibnMurrah, who was of theQuraysh al-Bitah (i.e. Qurayshis living near theKa'bah inMecca).[4]
Qusai grew up treating his step-father, Rabi'ah, as his father. When a quarrel broke out between Qusai and some members of the tribe of Rabi'ah, they reproached him and betrayed the fact that they never regarded him as one of their own. Qusai complained to his mother, who replied "O my son," she said, "your descent is nobler than theirs, you are the son of Kilab ibn Murrah, and your people live in the proximity of theHoly House in Mecca." Because of this, Qusai departed from Syria and returned to Mecca.[4]
When Qusai came of age,Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah the chief ofBanu Khuza'a tribe was the trustee and guardian of the Ka'bah. Soon Qusai asked for and marriedHulail's daughter Hubbah. When his father-in-law died after a battle which ended in arbitration, he inherited the keys of the Kaaba to Hubbah. Hulail preferred Qusai as his successor from his own sons and according to Hulail's will, Qusai got the trusteeship of theKaaba after him.
Qusai brought his nearest of kin of Quraysh, and settled them in the Meccan valley besides theSanctuary – his brother Zuhrah, his uncleTaym ibn Murrah, the son of another uncle Makhzum ibn Yaqaza, and his other cousins Jumah and Sahm, who were less close.[5] These and their posterity were known asQuraysh al-Biṭāḥ ("Quraysh of the Hollow"), whereas his more remote kinsmen settled in the ravines of the surrounding hills and in the countryside beyond and were known asQuraysh aẓ-Ẓawāhir ("Quraysh of the Outskirts").[2]
Qusai ruled as a King. He reconstructed the Kaaba from a state of decay, and made theArab people build their houses around it. He is known to have built the first "town hall" in theArabian Peninsula, a spacious dwelling which was known as the House of Assembly. Leaders of different clans met in this hall to discuss their social, commercial, cultural and political problems. Qusai created laws so that pilgrims who went to Mecca were supplied with food and water, which was paid for by a tax that the people paid. He distributed the responsibilities of looking after the visitors during pilgrimage, taking care of the Kaaba, warfare, and pacifying amongst myriad tribes living in Mecca.[2]
Qusai had many sons, some of them being Abd (matrilineal great-grandfather ofFatima bint Amr),Abd-al-Dar,Abd Manaf andAbd-al-Uzza.[2] It was a marked characteristic of Qusai's line that in each generation there would be one man who was altogether pre-eminent. Among his four sons, Abd Manaf was already honoured in his lifetime. However Qusai preferred his first born, Abd-al-Dar, although he was the least capable of all so he singled out Abd Manaf his second son for his honor and prestige. Shortly before Qusai's death he invested all his rights, powers, and transferred the ownership of the House of Assembly to Abd Manaf.
The following dynasties claim descent from Qusai:
Africa
Indo-Persia:
East Asia
Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) was the second of the three major ArabCaliphates established after the end ofRashidun Caliphate (632–661)
| Kilab ibn Murrah | Fatimah bint Sa'd | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zuhrah ibn Kilab (progenitor ofBanu Zuhrah) maternal great-great-grandfather | Qusai ibn Kilab paternal great-great-great-grandfather | Hubba bint Hulail paternal great-great-great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| `Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah maternal great-grandfather | `Abd Manaf ibn Qusai paternal great-great-grandfather | Atikah bint Murrah paternal great-great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf maternal grandfather | Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf (progenitor ofBanu Hashim) paternal great-grandfather | Salma bint `Amr paternal great-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatimah bint `Amr paternal grandmother | `Abdul-Muttalib paternal grandfather | Halah bint Wuhayb paternal step-grandmother | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aminah mother | `Abdullah father | Az-Zubayr paternal uncle | Harith paternal half-uncle | Hamza paternal half-uncle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thuwaybah first nurse | Halimah second nurse | Abu Talib paternal uncle | `Abbas paternal half-uncle | Abu Lahab paternal half-uncle | 6 other sons and 6 daughters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhammad | Khadija first wife | `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas paternal cousin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatimah daughter | Ali paternal cousin and son-in-law family tree,descendants | Qasim son | `Abd-Allah son | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zainab daughter | Ruqayyah daughter | Uthman second cousin and son-in-law family tree | Umm Kulthum daughter | Zayd adopted son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ali ibn Zainab grandson | Umamah bint Zainab granddaughter | `Abd-Allah ibn Uthman grandson | Rayhana bint Zayd wife | Usama ibn Zayd adoptive grandson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muhsin ibn Ali grandson | Hasan ibn Ali grandson | Husayn ibn Ali grandson family tree | Umm Kulthum bint Ali granddaughter | Zaynab bint Ali granddaughter | Safiyya tenth wife | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abu Bakr father-in-law family tree | Sawda second wife | Umar father-in-law family tree | Umm Salama sixth wife | Juwayriya eighth wife | Maymuna eleventh wife | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aisha third wife Family tree | Zaynab fifth wife | Hafsa fourth wife | Zaynab seventh wife | Umm Habiba ninth wife | Maria al-Qibtiyya twelfth wife | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ibrahim son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | |
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| Other | |
