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Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur

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Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur
Roman consul
This article is about a Roman jurist living during theSocial War (91–87 BC) who wasCicero's mentor and teacher. For other men with this name, seeQuintus Mucius Scaevola (disambiguation).

Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur (c. 169 – 88 BC) was a politician of theRoman Republic,Stoic, and an early authority onRoman law. He was first educated in law byhis father (whose name he shared) and in philosophy by the StoicPanaetius of Rhodes. Both Augur and his relativeQuintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, father-in-law ofPompey, were prominentOptimates.[1]

Scaevola was madetribune in 128 BC,aedile in 125, andpraetor in 121, in which capacity he acted as governor ofAsia. Upon his return to Rome the following year he faced a charge of extortion brought byTitus Albucius (probably on personal grounds) which he successfully defended. In 117, he was elected consul.[2]

In his old age, Scaevola vigorously maintained his interest in the law and in the affairs of Rome. He also passed on his knowledge of law to some of Rome's most celebratedorators, as the teacher ofCicero andAtticus.[2][3] In 88 BC, he alone defendedGaius Marius againstSulla's motion to have him named an enemy of the people, saying that he would never agree to have this done to a man who had saved Rome.[4][5] He was considered an eminent jurist and renowned for his knowledge of civil law in particular.[6]

Cicero used the persona of his old master as an interlocutor in three works, hisDe Oratore,De amicitia, andDe republica. This usage places Scaevola as a member of theScipionic Circle.

He is attested as consul, together with his colleague,Lucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus, on thesententia Minuciorum, a legal document describing arbitration by Roman officials.

Family

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Scaevola married Laelia, a daughter ofGaius Laelius, a close friend ofScipio Aemilianus, and had a son and two daughters.[7] His wife, daughter, and granddaughters were all famed for the purity of theirLatin.

Scaevola's daughter marriedLucius Licinius Crassus, consul in 95 BC and the greatest orator of his day.

His first cousins included the consuls andPontifices maximiPublius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus andPublius Mucius Scaevola. The former was father of Licinia, wife of the ill-fated tribuneGaius Gracchus.

References

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  1. ^Barca, Natale (2023-06-01).Before Augustus: The Collapse of the Roman Republic. Casemate. p. 189.ISBN 978-1-63624-233-0.
  2. ^abdu Plessis, Paul J. (2016).Cicero's Law: Rethinking Roman Law of the Late Republic. Edinburgh University Press. p. 72.ISBN 978-1-4744-0882-0. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2024.
  3. ^Etxabe, Julen, ed. (2021).A Cultural History of Law in Antiquity. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 171.ISBN 978-1-4742-1285-4. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2024.
  4. ^Katz, Barry R. (1975)."The First Fruits of Sulla's March".L'Antiquité Classique.44 (1):100–125.doi:10.3406/antiq.1975.1767.ISSN 0770-2817.JSTOR 41650261.
  5. ^Vives, Juan Luis (2012-04-19).Declamationes Sullanae. BRILL. p. 101.ISBN 978-90-04-22364-6.
  6. ^Dominik, William; Hall, Jon, eds. (2007).A Companion to Roman Rhetoric (1 ed.). Wiley. p. 252.doi:10.1002/9780470996485.ISBN 978-1-4051-2091-3.
  7. ^Badian, Ernst (2015-12-22),"Mucius Scaevola (1), Quintus , 'Augur', Roman consul, 117 BCE",Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics,doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.4272,ISBN 978-0-19-938113-5, retrieved2024-10-31
Political offices
Preceded byRoman consul
117 BC
withLucius Caecilius Metellus Diadematus		Succeeded by
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