| Fabiola de Mora y Aragón | |
|---|---|
 Fabiola in 1960 | |
| Queen consort of the Belgians | |
| Tenure | 15 December 1960 – 31 July 1993 |
| Born | Doña Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón (1928-06-11)11 June 1928 Zurbano Palace,Madrid,Kingdom of Spain[1] |
| Died | 5 December 2014(2014-12-05) (aged 86) Château of Stuyvenberg,Laeken,Brussels,Kingdom of Belgium |
| Burial | 12 December 2014 |
| Spouse | |
| Father | Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández y Riera y del Olmo, 4th Marquis of Casa Riera |
| Mother | Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz y Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío |
| Signature |  |
Fabiola Fernanda María-de-las-Victorias Antonia Adelaida de Mora y Aragón (11 June 1928 – 5 December 2014) wasQueen of the Belgians as the wife ofKing Baudouin from their marriage in 1960 until his death in 1993. The couple had no children, as all five of Fabiola's pregnancies resulted in miscarriage, so the Crown passed to her husband's younger brother,King Albert II.
Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragón was born on 11 June 1928 inMadrid, Spain, at thePalacio de Zurbano [es], the main residence of theMarqués de Casa Riera.[1] She was the daughter of Don Gonzalo de Mora y Fernández y Riera y del Olmo, 4thMarquis of Casa Riera, 2ndCount ofMora (1887–1957), and his wife, Doña Blanca de Aragón y Carrillo de Albornoz y Barroeta-Aldamar y Elío (1892–1981), the daughter of the 6th Marchioness of Casa Torres[2] andViscountess of Baiguer.[3] Her godmother wasQueen Victoria Eugenia of Spain.[3]
Queen Fabiola was the fifth child and had six siblings.[4] One of her siblings wasJaime de Mora y Aragón.[5]
She worked as a nurse in a hospital inMadrid and lived with her mother.[4] Before her marriage, she published an album of 12 fairy tales (Los doce cuentos maravillosos), one of which ("The Indian Water Lilies") would get its own pavilion in theEfteling theme park in 1966.[6]
On 15 December 1960, Fabiola marriedBaudouin, who had beenKing of the Belgians since the abdication of his father,Leopold III, in 1951.[7][8] At the marriage ceremony in theCathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, she wore a 1926Art Decotiara that had been a gift of the Belgian state to her husband's mother,Astrid of Sweden, upon her marriage to Leopold III. Her dress of satin and ermine was designed by the couturierCristóbal Balenciaga. Fabiola was a hospitalnurse at the time of her engagement;Time magazine, in its 26 September 1960, issue, called Doña Fabiola the "Cinderella Girl" and described her as "an attractive young woman, though no raving beauty" and "the girl who could not catch a man."[9] On the occasion of her marriage, Spanish bakers set out to honour Fabiola and created a type of bread, "la fabiola", which is still made inPalencia.
The explorerGuido Derom named theQueen Fabiola Mountains—a newly discovered range ofAntarcticmountains—in her honour in 1961.[10] She also has several varieties ofornamental plants named after her.[11][12]
The royal couple had no children, as the Queen's fivepregnancies ended inmiscarriage in 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966 and 1968.[3] Fabiola openly spoke about her miscarriages in 2008: 'You know, I myself lost five children. You learn something from that experience. I had problems with all my pregnancies, but you know, in the end I think life is beautiful'.[13] She and Baudouin called the miscarriages a chance to be able to love all children.[14] She was deeply involved with the upbringing ofPrince Philippe andPrincess Astrid.[15]
After the death ofQueen Elisabeth, in November 1965, Queen Fabiola became the honorary president of theQueen Elisabeth Music Competition. Queen Fabiola attended the elimination rounds and the finals of each session.[4]
During the 1990s, the Hospital Saint-Pierre in Brussels was important in matters aroundAIDS. Queen Fabiola visited them in 1993 and embraced a patient. She was one of the first royal and public figures to do this.[16]
In September 1993, she became the president of theKing Baudouin Foundation, established in 1976 to mark the twenty-fifth anniversary ofKing Baudouin's accession.[4] The foundation's purpose is to improve the living conditions of the population.[4]
Queen Fabiola also founded the Social Secretariat of the Queen with the purpose of answering many requests for help.[4] She has supported study programmes aimed at the prevention and treatment ofdyslexia among children.[4]
She established the Queen Fabiola Fund for Mental Health. The foundation's purpose is to help people with mental problems.[4] During her entire life, she devoted herself to causes such as young women prostitution, human slavery and people with disabilities. Queen Fabiola received several humanitarian awards in her lifetime and was awarded the Ceres Medal in 2001 by theUN Food and Agriculture Organization.[17]
Every year, Queen Fabiola attended the Summit on Economic Progress of Rural Women at thePalais des Nations inGeneva. The purpose of the summit is to create a movement offirst ladies to respond to the call for help from the deprived women in theThird World.[4]
Baudouin died in late July 1993 and was succeeded by his younger brother,Albert II. Fabiola moved out of theRoyal Castle of Laeken to the more modestChâteau of Stuyvenberg and reduced her public appearances so as not to overshadow her sister-in-law,Queen Paola.[17]
Admired for her devoutCatholic faith and involvement in social causes particularly those related to mental health, children's issues and women's issues,[18] Queen Fabiola received the 2001Ceres Medal, in recognition of her work to promote rural women in developing countries. The medal was given by theFood and Agriculture Organization of theUnited Nations (FAO).[17] She was also honorary president of the King Baudouin Foundation.
In July 2009, the Belgian press published news of anonymous death threats she received stating she would be shot with a crossbow. She responded to the threats duringBelgian National Day celebrations by waving an apple to the crowd in a reference to theWilliam Tell folk tale.[19] Subsequent threats by an individual said to have a similar signature to the July 2009 threat-writer were received again in January 2010.[20]
In January 2013, the SocialistPrime MinisterElio Di Rupo criticised Queen Fabiola for her plans to set up a private foundation (Fons Pereos), which would have been a tax-efficient way to pass wealth to her relatives as well as to charitable causes. It was widely seen by the public as inheritancetax evasion (although, since the construction was admitted by Di Rupo to be legal, it would more precisely be a case oftax avoidance).[17] Queen Fabiola denied the charges in a rare public statement: "I have never had the intention of depositing funds I received from the public purse with my foundation. All the monies that I receive from the civil list go on expenditure on my household. The lion's share goes on salaries."[21][22]
According to official sources, Queen Fabiola was fluent inFrench,Dutch,English,German andItalian, in addition to her nativeSpanish.[23]
Queen Fabiola was hospitalised for 15 days with pneumonia beginning 16 January 2009, with her condition described as "serious".[24] She subsequently recovered and began attending public functions the following May. Queen Fabiola had been in poor health for years, havingosteoporosis, as well as having never fully recovered from a lung inflammation she had in 2009. On the evening of 5 December 2014, theRoyal Palace announced that Queen Fabiola had died at the Château of Stuyvenberg.[25]
The federal government declared a period of national mourning from Saturday, 6 December, to Friday, 12 December, the day when the funeral of Queen Fabiola took place at theCathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels.[26]
TheRoyal Family, members of the government and the Lord Speaker received the coffin at the Royal Palace on 10 December where it was placed in the grand antechamber, where it was decorated with flowers and attended by an honour guard of generals, members of the King's Royal Military household.[27]Godfried Cardinal Danneels,Metropolitan Archbishop-emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels, celebrated theRequiem Mass.
Members of several royal families around the world including theGrand Duke of Luxembourg,Empress of Japan,Queen of Denmark,King andQueen of Sweden,King of Norway accompanied by his sisterPrincess Astrid, former KingJuan Carlos andQueen Sofia of Spain, former QueenBeatrix of the Netherlands, theSovereign Prince of Liechtenstein, former EmpressFarah of Iran and PrincessMaha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand, attended the funeral. No members of theBritish royal family or theMonégasque princely family attended the funeral, leading to criticism by both Belgian and international press.[28]
 Royal Monogram of Queen Fabiola of Belgium |  Alliance Coat of Arms of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola |  Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians |  Dual Cypher of King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola of the Belgians |
| Belgian royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vacant Title last held by Astrid of Sweden | Queen consort of the Belgians 1960–1993 | Succeeded by |
