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Quadrangular castle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of castle
Bolton Castle, in England

Aquadrangular castle orcourtyard castle is a type ofcastle characterised by ranges of buildings which are integral with thecurtain walls, enclosing a centralward orquadrangle, and typically with angletowers. There is nokeep and frequently no distinctgatehouse. The quadrangular form predominantly dates from the mid to late fourteenth century and signals the transition from defensively to domestically oriented great houses. The four walls are also known as ranges.

Quadrangular castles typically display a sophisticated and complex approach to the planning of internal social spaces.[1][2] There are many quadrangular castles around the UK, for example:Bodiam Castle in East Sussex, andBolton Castle.

The 27 quadrangular castles identified by John Rickard as being built in England consist roughly 10% of the castles built in the country between 1272 and 1422. No castles of this design were built in Wales.[3]

One of the earliest quadrangular castles in Germany isNeuleiningen, of which substantial ruins remain.

List of quadrangular castles in the United Kingdom

[edit]
NameLocationCoordinatesConstructedBuilt forDesigned byHeritage statusImage
Beverston CastleCotswold51°38′39″N2°12′05″W / 51.6442°N 2.20139°W /51.6442; -2.201391225Maurice de Gaunt
Thomas de Berkeley, 3rd Baron Berkeley
anonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Bodiam CastleEast Sussex51°00′08″N0°32′37″E / 51.00226°N 0.54353°E /51.00226; 0.543531385Edward DalyngriggeanonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Bolton CastleNorth Yorkshire54°19′20″N1°57′00″W / 54.3221°N 1.94991°W /54.3221; -1.949911379Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of BoltonJohn LewynGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Caverswall CastleStaffordshire Moorlands52°58′57″N2°04′29″W / 52.9826°N 2.0746°W /52.9826; -2.07461275William de Caverswall [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Cawood CastleNorth Yorkshire53°49′53″N1°07′40″W / 53.8313°N 1.1278°W /53.8313; -1.12781378John KempanonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Chideock Castle [d]Dorset50°44′03″N2°49′06″W / 50.7343°N 2.81825°W /50.7343; -2.818251370sSir John Chideock [d]anonymousscheduled monument
Chillingham CastleNorthumberland55°31′34″N1°54′18″W / 55.526°N 1.905°W /55.526; -1.9051344Sir Thomas Heton [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Cooling CastleMedway51°27′20″N0°31′22″E / 51.4555°N 0.522732°E /51.4555; 0.5227321380sJohn de Cobham, 3rd Baron CobhamHenry YeveleGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Danby CastleNorth Yorkshire54°27′20″N0°53′43″W / 54.4555°N 0.895197°W /54.4555; -0.8951971302William Latimer, 1st Lord Latimer [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Farleigh Hungerford CastleSomerset51°19′03″N2°17′13″W / 51.3174°N 2.2869°W /51.3174; -2.28691383Thomas HungerfordanonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Ford CastleNorthumberland55°37′53″N2°05′25″W / 55.6314°N 2.09025°W /55.6314; -2.090251338Sir William Heron [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Fyvie CastleAberdeenshire57°26′36″N2°23′42″W / 57.4433°N 2.3949°W /57.4433; -2.39491300sanonymousanonymouscategory A listed building
Greys CourtSouth Oxfordshire51°32′42″N0°57′22″W / 51.545°N 0.956164°W /51.545; -0.9561641348John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield
Francis Knollys, 1st Viscount Knollys
Baron Lovel
anonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Greystoke CastleWestmorland and Furness54°40′12″N2°52′37″W / 54.66998°N 2.87705°W /54.66998; -2.877051353William de Greystoke, 2nd Baron GreystokeanonymousGrade II* listed building
Hartley CastleWestmorland and Furness54°28′09″N2°20′12″W / 54.4691°N 2.33655°W /54.4691; -2.336551353Thomas de Musgrave [d]
Sir Richard Musgrave, 1st Baronet
anonymousscheduled monument
Grade II listed building
Hemyock CastleMid Devon50°54′45″N3°13′54″W / 50.9125°N 3.23156°W /50.9125; -3.231561380Margaret and William Asthorpeanonymousscheduled monument
Grade II* listed building
Hever CastleHever51°11′13″N0°06′50″E / 51.186944°N 0.113889°E /51.186944; 0.1138891271William de Hever [d]anonymousGrade I listed building
Inverlochy CastleHighland56°49′57″N5°04′52″W / 56.8326°N 5.081°W /56.8326; -5.0811270sClan Cumminganonymouscategory B listed building
Lumley CastleCounty Durham54°51′17″N1°33′11″W / 54.8547°N 1.55293°W /54.8547; -1.552931389Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron LumleyJohn Lewyn
John Vanbrugh
Grade I listed building
Maxstoke CastleWarwickshire52°29′58″N1°40′18″W / 52.4994°N 1.67167°W /52.4994; -1.671671345William de Clinton, 1st Earl of HuntingdonanonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Moor End CastleNorthamptonshire52°05′42″N0°54′01″W / 52.0949°N 0.900155°W /52.0949; -0.9001551347Edward III of England
Thomas de Ferrers [d]
anonymousscheduled monument
Raby CastleCounty Durham54°35′27″N1°48′06″W / 54.59092°N 1.80175°W /54.59092; -1.801751378House of NevilleJohn LewynGrade I listed building
Ravensworth CastleTyne and Wear54°55′34″N1°38′18″W / 54.9262°N 1.6384°W /54.9262; -1.63841350sMarmaduke LumleyanonymousGrade II* listed building
scheduled monument
Sheriff Hutton CastleNorth Yorkshire54°05′17″N1°00′19″W / 54.0881°N 1.00519°W /54.0881; -1.005191382John Neville, 3rd Baron Neville de RabyJohn LewynGrade II* listed building
scheduled monument
Shirburn CastleSouth Oxfordshire51°39′27″N0°59′38″W / 51.6576°N 0.9938°W /51.6576; -0.99381377Warin de Lisle [d]Henry YeveleGrade I listed building
Somerton CastleNorth Kesteven53°07′03″N0°34′34″W / 53.1174°N 0.57616°W /53.1174; -0.576161281Antony BekanonymousGrade I listed building
scheduled monument
Starborough CastleSurrey51°10′42″N0°02′19″E / 51.1783°N 0.0386396°E /51.1783; 0.03863961341Reginald de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobhamanonymousscheduled monument
Grade II* listed building
Sudeley CastleGloucestershire51°33′54″N1°34′20″W / 51.5650°N 1.5722°W /51.5650; -1.57221443Ralph Boteler, 1st Baron SudeleyanonymousGrade I listed building
Westenhanger CastleKent
Shepway
51°05′40″N1°01′53″E / 51.0944°N 1.03144°E /51.0944; 1.031441343John de Criol [d]
Edward Poynings
anonymousscheduled monument
Grade I listed building
Wingfield CastleMid Suffolk52°20′52″N1°15′41″E / 52.3479°N 1.2614°E /52.3479; 1.26141384Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of SuffolkanonymousGrade I listed building
Woodcroft CastleCambridgeshire52°37′35″N0°19′02″W / 52.6263°N 0.3172°W /52.6263; -0.31721280anonymousanonymousGrade II* listed building
Woodsford Castle [d]Dorset50°42′45″N2°20′38″W / 50.7126°N 2.34389°W /50.7126; -2.343891336William de Whitefield [d]
Guy de Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan
anonymousGrade I listed building
Wressle CastleEast Riding of Yorkshire53°46′32″N0°55′45″W / 53.7755°N 0.929291°W /53.7755; -0.9292911390sThomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester
Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland
John LewynGrade I listed building
scheduled monument

References

[edit]
  1. ^Faulkner, P (1958). "Domestic planning from the 12th to the 14th centuries".Archaeological Journal.115:150–83.doi:10.1080/00665983.1958.10854132.
  2. ^Faulkner, P (1963). "Castle planning in the fourteenth century".Archaeological Journal.120:215–35.doi:10.1080/00665983.1963.10854241.
  3. ^Rickard, John (2002).The castle community: the personnel of English and Welsh castles : 1272 - 1422 (1. publ. ed.). Woodbridge: Boydell. p. 21.ISBN 9780851159133.
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