| Qiam 1 | |
|---|---|
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| Type | SRBM |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2010–present |
| Used by | Iran |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Iran |
| No. built | >24[1] |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 6,155 kg (13,569 lb)[1] |
| Length | 11.5 m (38 ft)[1] |
| Diameter | 0.88 m (2.9 ft) (body)0.60 m (2.0 ft) (warhead)[1] |
| Warhead | 750 kg (1,650 lb) High explosive (HE) fragmentation, submunitions, nuclear possible[1] |
| Engine | Liquid fuel rocket |
Operational range | 800 km (500 mi)[2] |
Guidance system | Inertial navigation system |
| Accuracy | 100 m (330 ft)circular error probable (CEP) |
Launch platform | Multiple[3] |
TheQiam 1 (Persian: قیام-١, "Uprising-1") is ashort-range ballistic missile designed and built byIran. It was developed from the IranianShahab-2,[1] a licensed copy of theNorth KoreanHwasong-6, all of which are versions of theSoviet Scud-C missile.[4] The Qiam 1 entered service in 2010, with a range of 800 km (500 mi) and 100 m (330 ft)(CEP) accuracy.[1][5]
The Qiam 1 was first seen in footage of an August 2010 test, then publicly displayed in a parade in October 2010.[1] On 22 May 2011, Iranian Defense MinisterAhmad Vahidi announced that the missile was being delivered to theAerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, although a US report noted deliveries in May 2010.[6][7]
The Qiam 1 is a variant of the Scud missile. Its lack of fins reduces the missile's radar signature,[3][1] particularly during ascent when fins can act as radar reflectors.[8][unreliable source?][1] Removing fins from a missile also reduces the structural mass, so the payload weight or missile range can be increased.[8][1] Without the fins and associated drag, the missile can be more responsive to changes in trajectory.[8]
Iranian sources cite an improved guidance system on the missile, and analysts note that adjusting the missile's in-flight trajectory without fins requires a highly responsive guidance system.[3][1][8] The Qiam 1's accuracy is also improved with the addition of a separable warhead—since only the warhead needs to survive re-entry most missiles have structurally weak bodies which can cause an attached warhead to tumble as the body breaks apart.[8][9] Attachments visible in pictures of the warhead may show antennas for controlling the missile's trajectory by radio.[8]
The shape of the warhead on the Qiam 1 resembles that used on Iran'sShahab-3.[1] The "baby-bottle" design can shift thecenter of gravity and center of pressure to compensate for changes in payload weight from earlier cone-shaped warheads; can increase drag which results in increased stability during reentry (at the expense of range) and, potentially, increase accuracy; and can increase theterminal velocity of the warhead, making it harder to intercept.[10][1][11]
In an interview with theFars News Agency, General Farahi reported "that the range of Qiam differs in accordance with its mission, meaning that the missile can hit targets in different distances according to its mission plan."[3]
Multiple platforms may be used to launch the Qiam 1, and its launch and preparation time have been reduced compared to other Scud variants.[3] The integration ofGPS or another navigation system could be used to reduce preparation time and improve accuracy by better locating the missile in relation to its target.[8]
The missile warhead can be fitted withsubmunitions dispensers for ananti-runway usage.[1]
According to a report released by Tasnim news agency on Monday, January 3, the new Qiam missile’s error range has been decreased from 100 meters to 50 meters, and the missile’s max range has been extended from 700-800 kilometers to 1000 kilometers, with 100 kilometres being the minimum range.
Apart from the decreasedCEP (circular error probability) value and greater range, the technical features of the new missile have also changed, according to the information provided. The upgraded version of the Qiam missile has a 600 kilogram warhead and can reportedly travel at a speed of 1,935 meters per second. The Qiam missile has a diameter of 888 millimeters, a length of 11,846 millimeters, and a weight of 7,029 kilograms. The time it takes to prepare the missile for launch has also been lowered by 20 minutes, according to reports.[12]
Test launches of the Qiam 1 occurred on 20 August 2010, 10 February 2014, and 9 March 2016.[13][1][14] The Qiam 1 was used in combat for the first timeon 17 June 2017 when Iran targetedIslamic State militants in Syria as retaliation for earlier bomb attacks in Tehran.[15] At least two missiles hit the Islamic State stronghold ofMayadin.[16]
Qiam 1 missiles also struck US/IraqiAl Asad Airbase in Iraqon 8 January 2020,[17] destroying aBlack Hawk helicopter, an air control tower and several tents. The main runway and anMQ-1 Predator drone were damaged.[18] Two American soldiers who had been manning guard towers were blown from their posts and wounded during the missile attacks,[19] and it was later disclosed that 109 US servicemen sufferedtraumatic brain injury. Some of them were evacuated to Kuwait and Germany for medical treatment.[20][21][22]
Extended range versions of the Qiam-1 operated by the Houthis in Yemen have flown more than 900 km.[23]
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The missile were fitted with cluster warheads, according to the Iranian military.[24] The strike was in retaliation for the killing of GeneralQasem Soleimani during an attack launched by theUSAF with anMQ-9 Reaper drone on 3 January 2020.[25]
Houthi forces inYemen have unveiled two Scud-based mobile short-range ballistic missiles: theBurkan 1 andBurkan 2-H.[26][27] On 4 November 2017, Saudi Arabia claimed to have intercepted a Burkan 2-H over its capital,Riyadh, with aMIM-104 Patriot. It reportedly was aimed atKing Khalid International Airport.[28] According to theUS State Department, the missile was actually a Qiam.[29] Saudi Arabia'sMinistry of Culture and Information supplied theAssociated Press with pictures from a military briefing of what it claimed were components from the missile bearing Iranian markings matching those on other pictures of the Qiam 1.[30] Joint Forces Command of the Arab Coalition detailed the evidence.[31] There have also been reports of previous attempts by Iran to send missiles to Yemen.[30]
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