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Qau language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kra language spoken in China
Qau
Native toChina
RegionAnshun City andPingba County,Guizhou
Native speakers
2,000 (2011)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3gqu
Glottologqaua1234
ELPGao Gelao

Qau,Central Gelao, orSinicized Gelao (Chinese:汉仡佬;pinyin:Hàn Gēlǎo) is aGelao language spoken inGuizhou, China.[2][3]

Dialects

[edit]

The dialects of Qau that are still spoken are:[4]

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

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LabialAlveolar(Alveolo-)
palatal		VelarUvularGlottal
plainlat.plainlat.
Nasalmnɲ̟ŋ
Stopvoicelessppˡtkkˡq(ʔ)
aspiratedpʰtʰkʰqʰ
prenasalᵐpᵐpˡⁿtᵑkᵑkˡ
Affricatevoicelesststɕ
aspiratedtsʰtɕʰ
prenasalⁿtsᶮtɕ
Fricativevoicelessfsɕxh
voicedvvˡzʑ
Approximantl(w)
  • [ʔ] is heard in syllable-initial position before vowels.
  • [w] is heard as an initial consonant of Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closei(ɯ)u
Mideəə˞o
Openaɒ
Diphthongs
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu,ie,iɒ,ioue,ua,uɒ
Mideiəu,əɯ
Openai,au
Triphthongiauuei,uai
Final-nasal
FrontCentralBack
Closeinunuŋ
Miden
Openanaŋ
Triphthongianuanuaŋ
  • /i/ is heard as a syllabic [ɹ̩] when after sounds /s, ts/
  • [ɯ] is only heard in the diphthong /əɯ/.
  • Vowels with a word-final /n/ can also be heard as nasalized [Ṽ].[5]

Tones

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The Wanzi dialect has 6 tones.[6]

ToneValueExample[7]Meaning
˥55əɯ55Water
˦44vla44Eight
˧33plei33Year
˨˦24plɐ24Blood
˩˧13mpi13Goat
˥˩31ntau31Bird

Pronouns

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The following are pronouns fromPingba Gelao.[2]

GlossPingba Gelao
I(su33)i42
you(su33)mu21
he, she, it(su33)u42
we(su33)ta33
you all(su33)sa33
theypə42nu42
my householdqa33/a33qei42
your householdqa33/a33mu21
his/her householdqa33/a55qu42

Numerals

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Pingba Gelao numerals are given below.

  1. si33
  2. su33
  3. ta33
  4. pu33
  5. mpu33
  6. naŋ33
  7. ɕi13
  8. zua55
  9. sə13
  10. pan13

References

[edit]
  1. ^Qau atEthnologue (24th ed., 2021)Closed access icon
  2. ^abZhang, Jimin 张済民 (1993).Gēlǎoyǔ yánjiū仡佬语研究 [A Study of Gelao] (in Chinese). Guiyang: Guizhou minzu chubanshe.
  3. ^Zhou, Guoyan 周国炎 (2004).Gēlǎozú mǔyǔ shēngtài yánjiū仡佬族母語生态硏究 [Studies on the Linguistic Ecology of the Gelao People] (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
  4. ^Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2006).Xīnán dìqū bīnwēi yǔyán diàochá yánjiū西南地区濒危语言调查研究 [Studies on Endangered Languages in the Southwest China] (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
  5. ^He, Jiashan [贺嘉善] (1983).Gēlǎo yǔ jiǎn zhì [仡佬语简志] (A sketch of Gelao). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
  6. ^He 1983, p. 15.
  7. ^Taken from He 1983, pp. 13, 71-73, 75.
Kra
Gelao
Kam–Sui
Biao
Lakkia
Hlai
Jiamao
Be–Jizhao
Tai
(Zhuang, etc.)
Northern
Central
Southwestern
(Thai)
Northwestern
Lao–Phutai
Chiang Saen
Southern
(other)
(mixed)
(mixed origins)
proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicateextinct languages


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