Qargi (Inupiaq:[qɑɻɣi]),Qasgi orQasgiq (by theYup'iks),Qaygiq (by theCup'iks),Kashim (by theRussians),Kariyit,[1] a traditional large semi-subterranean men's community house' (or "communal men's house, men's house, ceremonial house, council house, dance house, communal gathering place") of theYup'ik andInuit, alsoDeg Hit'an Athabaskans[2] (atAnvik, Alaska), was used for public and ceremonial occasions and as a men's residence. The Qargi was the place where men built their boats, repaired their equipment, took sweat baths, educated young boys, and hosted community dances. Here people learned their oral history, songs and chants. Young boys and men learned to make tools and weapons while they listened to the traditions of their forefathers.[3]
The qargi was almost always a separate building because the dwellings were not large enough to hold very many men.[4] The qargi was a combination courthouse, church, workshop, dance hall, and received center, two or three times the size of a typical house.[5] It was the place where the storytelling, dancing, singing, and games (high-kick games[6]) that so enriched Yupik and Inuit life took place.[7] The qargi was a communal building in which women were usually not permitted.[5]
Prior to the arrival ofChristian missionaries in the 1890s, every Inupiaq settlement had one or more of these ceremonial houses.[8]
| Language | singular | dual | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naukan Yupik | Qaygi | ||
| Central Alaskan Yup'ik | Qasgi / Qasgiq[9] | Qasgit | |
| Chevak Cup’ik | Qaygiq | Qaygit | |
| Nunivak Cup'ig | Kiiyar[10] | ||
| Inupiaq (Alaskan Inuit) | Qargi | Qargik | Qargich / Qargit |
| Inupiaq (Little Diomede)[11] | Qaġsriq | Qaġsrik | Qaġsrit |
| Inupiaq (King Island)[12] | Qagzriq | Qagzrik | Qagzrit |
| Inuvialuk (Western Canadian Inuit) | Qadjgiq | ||
| Inuktitut (Eastern Canadian Inuit) | Qaggiq ᖃᒡᒋᖅ | ||
| Kalaallisut (West Greenland Inuit) | Qassi |
In manyIñupiat communities the qargi was the first institution to vanish as churches and schools became the dominant forces of change. At present, Iñupiat elders have no responsibility for the formal education of young Iñupiat.[13]
Before 1950, formal education for students inChevak, Alaska took place in the qaygiq,[14] and in the homes of the people. The information taught to students in the qaygiq included history, values, rules, regulations, and survival methods.[15]
