| Pilotbird | |
|---|---|
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| Pilotbird, Blue Mountains | |
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| Pilotbird, Blue Mountains | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Acanthizidae |
| Genus: | Pycnoptilus Gould, 1851 |
| Species: | P. floccosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Pycnoptilus floccosus Gould, 1851 | |
| Subspecies[2] | |
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Thepilotbird (Pycnoptilus floccosus) is a species of passerinebird in the familyAcanthizidae. It ismonotypic within the genusPycnoptilus. The species isendemic to south-easternAustralia.
The species was first described by English ornithologistJohn Gould in 1851. The generic namePycnoptilus derives from the Ancient Greekpyknos 'thick' andptilon 'feather'.[3] Its specific epithetfloccosus is Late Latin for 'flocked with wool'.[3] There are two subspecies: the nominate subspeciesPycnoptilus floccosus floccosus lives in alpine areas; andP. f. sandfordi lives in lowland forest.[4][5]
The pilotbird is a large, plump species of acanthizid, measuring around 18 centimetres (7.1 in) in length and weighing 27 grams (0.95 oz).[4] Theplumage of the underparts is reddish-brown with scalloping on the chest and the centre of the belly speckled dull white. The upperparts are chocolate-brown.[5][6] The bill is short and finely pointed.[7] Its tail is broad and semi-erect, and flicked up and down when feeding.[5][8]
The pilotbird is found from theWollemi National Park andBlue Mountains National Park in New South Wales through to theDandenong Ranges, near Melbourne in Victoria.[9] Its naturalhabitat is temperatewet sclerophyll forests and occasionally temperaterainforest, where there is dense undergrowth with abundant debris.[10][7] It is sedentary and common.[7]
Its name comes from its supposed habit of followinglyrebirds, taking prey that they flush, and also from its call guiding bushmen seeking for lyrebirds.[7] This habit is well known but seldom observed. The pilotbird is highly terrestrial, feeding on or near the ground and when disturbed it runs swiftly on strong legs.[7] Its call has been described as "piercing and sweet".[8] The male makes a far-carrying call ofwit-wit-weet-WHEER to which the female may respond with a softerwit-a-wit-ee.[7][8][4]
The breeding season for the pilotbird is from August to December.[7] The globular nest is built with a side-entrance and hidden amongst the accumulated debris on the forest floor.[7] It is an untidy construction of bark, ferns, dead leaves and rootlets.[8] A clutch of usually two eggs, each measuring 27 by 20 mm (1.06 by 0.79 in) and varying in colour from grey-green to purple-brown, is incubated by the female for 20–22 days.[7][8] During the nestling period, which lasts 14–17 days, the male will often feed the female or help with the care of the nestlings, if the female has a subsequent brood.[4] The nests are sometimesparasitised by thefan-tailed cuckoo (Cacomantis flabelliformis).[4]
The pilotbird is fairly common within its small range, which has reduced as a result of forest clearance and urban development, but much of its habitat is within national parks or reserves.[4] Its habitat is also threatened by climate change, severe weather and bushfires;[10] nevertheless, the most recent assessment in October 2016 classified the pilotbird asvulnerable on theIUCN Red List.[10] The pilotbird was listed as Vulnerable under theEPBC Act in 2022,[11] in response to the2019/2020 Australian Bushfires, which burnt 47% of its distribution, and contributed to an estimated 30-50% decline in the population.[12]
