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| Punk jazz | |
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| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Mid-1970s, United States |
| Subgenres | |
| Jazzcore | |
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Punk jazz is a genre of music that combines elements ofjazz, especially improvisation, with the instrumentation and performance style ofpunk rock.[1] The term was first used to describeJames Chance and the Contortions' 1979 albumBuy.[2] Punk jazz is closely related tofree jazz,no wave, andloft jazz, and has since significantly inspiredpost-hardcore andalternative hip hop.
Notable proponents of the genre includeJohn Zorn,Arto Lindsay,Elliott Sharp, andJames Chance, among others.[3]
The first band to approach the genre wereThe Stooges, more specifically on three songs from their second album,Fun House: "1970", "Fun House", and "L.A. Blues". Those songs featured saxophone played by Steve Mackay, and were released in 1970, several years before the genre expanded.[4]
Late 1970s New Yorkno wave bands broke withblues rock-influenced punk in a style that instead combined elements such asfree jazz noise,experimental drone rock, and otheravant-garde influences.[5] Examples of this style includeLydia Lunch's albumQueen of Siam, the work ofJames Chance and the Contortions, who mixed funk with free jazz and punk rock.[6] These bands, in turn, influenced the styles ofthe Pop Group andthe Birthday Party.[7] In London, the Pop Group began to mix free jazz, along with dub reggae, into their brand of punk rock.[8] The Birthday Party's sound onJunkyard (1982) was described by one journalist as a mix of "no-wave guitar, free-jazz craziness, and punk-processedCaptain Beefheart angularity".[9]
TheLounge Lizards[6] was the first group to call themselves punk jazz.Bill Laswell and his bandMaterial mixed funk, jazz, and punk while his bandMassacre added improvisation to rock.[citation needed]
James Blood Ulmer applied Coleman'sharmolodic style to guitar and sought out links tono wave.Bad Brains, widely acknowledged to have established the rudiments of the hardcore style, began by attemptingjazz fusion.[10] GuitaristJoe Baiza executed his blend of punk and free jazz withSaccharine Trust and inUniversal Congress Of, a group influenced by the work ofAlbert Ayler.Henry Rollins has praised free jazz, releasing albums byMatthew Shipp on his record label[11] and collaborating withCharles Gayle.The Minutemen were influenced by jazz, folk and funk.Mike Watt of the band has spoken about being inspired by listening to John Coltrane.[12]
Dutchanarcho-punk groupthe Ex incorporated elements of free jazz and particularly Europeanfree improvisation, collaborating withHan Bennink and other members of theInstant Composers Pool.[13]
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Free jazz was an important influence in the Americanpost-hardcore scene of the early 90s.Drive Like Jehu tookBlack Flag's atonal solos a step further with their dual guitar attack.The Nation of Ulysses had Ian Svenonious alternating between vocals and trumpet, and their complex song structures, odd time signatures, and frenetic live shows were as much hardcore punk as they were free jazz. They even did a brief cover ofJohn Coltrane'sA Love Supreme on theirPlays Pretty for Baby album, though they titled it "The Sound of Jazz to Come" afterOrnette Coleman's classic albumThe Shape of Jazz to Come. Chicago'sCap'n Jazz also borrowed free jazz's odd time signatures and guitar melodies, marrying them with hardcore screams and amateur tuba playing. The Swedish bandRefused was influenced by this scene and recorded an album titledThe Shape of Punk to Come, where they alternate between manic hardcore punk numbers and slower, jazzy songs.
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Yakuza from Chicago is comparable toCandiria, combining heavy metal with free jazz and psychedelia. Although Italian bandEphel Duath was credited with the inadvertent recreation of jazzcore on their albumsThe Painter's Palette (2003) andPain Necessary to Know (2005), the band moved away from it to pursue a more esoteric form of progressive rock similar to the music ofFrank Zappa.Midori made waves around Japan in the mid-2000s for their unrelenting and chaotic blend of hardcore punk and dissonant jazz before disbanding at the end of 2010.
Other punk jazz acts includeGutbucket,[14]AntikultandKing Krule.[15]
| Jazzcore | |
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| Stylistic origins |
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| Other topics | |
Jazzcore is a subgenre that incorporates elements ofhardcore punk andheavy metal music alongside typical jazz instrumentation and improvisation.[16]
Sometimes, his debts to jammy jazz-fusion went on a little long, and some concision in the writing and playing would have sharpened the emotional fangs that these songs have at their core. But who knew the time was so right for a disaffected jazz-punk balladeer in a baggy suit?
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