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Pueblo of Isleta | |
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 Seal | |
 Location of the Pueblo of Isleta | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
| County | Bernalillo |
| Website | Pueblo of Isleta |
Isleta Pueblo (Shiewhibak) | |
 Ruins at Isleta Pueblo | |
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| Location | U.S. 85,Isleta, New Mexico |
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| Coordinates | 34°54′31″N106°41′30″W / 34.90861°N 106.69167°W /34.90861; -106.69167 |
| Area | 211,000 acres (85,000 ha) |
| Built | 1613 |
| Architectural style | Pueblo Style |
| NRHP reference No. | 75001162[1] |
| NMSRCP No. | 247 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | September 5, 1975 |
| Designated NMSRCP | May 5, 1972[2] |
Pueblo of Isleta (Southern Tiwa:Shiewhibak[ʃiexʷibʔàg],Western Keres:Dîiw'a'ane[tîːwˀa̤ʔane];Navajo:Naatoohó[nɑ̀ːtxòːxó]) is anunincorporated community andTanoanpueblo inBernalillo County,New Mexico, United States, originally established in thec. 14th century. TheSouthern Tiwa name of the pueblo isShiewhibak (Shee-eh-whíb-bak)[a] meaning "a knife laid on the ground to playwhib",[3] a traditional footrace.[4] Its people are a federally recognized tribe.
Pueblo of Isleta is located in the MiddleRio Grande Valley, 13 miles (21 km) south ofAlbuquerque. It is adjacent to and east of the main section ofLaguna Pueblo. The pueblo was built on a knife-shaped lava flow running across an ancient Rio Grandechannel.[5] The Isleta Pueblo Historic District is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.
On January 15, 2016, the tribe's officials and federal government representatives held a ceremony to mark the government's taking intofederal trust some 90,151 acres of land (140 square miles) which the Pueblo had then purchased. It enlarged their communal territory by 50%. The tribe had worked for more than 20 years to acquire this land, once part of theirancestral homeland. It was the largest acquisition of this kind handled under theBarack Obama administration.[6]
The population of Pueblo of Isleta consists mostly of the SouthernTiwa ethnic group (Spanish:Tigua[7]). The inhabitants of the Pueblo traditionally speak Isletan Tiwa, one of the twovarieties of theSouthern Tiwa language, part of theTanoan branch of the Kiowa-Tanoanlanguage family. The other Southern Tiwa variety is spoken atSandia Pueblo, whereasNorthern Tiwa is spoken atTaos andPicuris Pueblos.
In August 2015, the tribe announced that the Tiwa language would be taught to children at Isleta Elementary School, following the school's transfer from federal to tribal control.[8] In 2016 theKellogg Foundation made grants totaling $148,000 for development of thedual language Tiwa-English program for young children at the school.[9]
Anthropologists have dividedPueblo groups into two distinct groups based oncultural practices: the Western Pueblo Groups and the Eastern Pueblo Groups. Isleta is considered an Eastern Pueblo according to this classification, derived largely on their subsistence farming techniques.[10] Traditionally, Eastern pueblos rely more heavily onirrigation techniques, in contrast todry farming practices that were more common in the Western Pueblos. Both groups cultivate mostlymaize (corn), but squash and beans have also been staple Pueblo foods all around the region.
Other scholars classify the pueblos into three cultural groups: the Western, Eastern, and Keresan (or Central) Pueblo groups. In either system, Pueblo of Isleta is considered an Eastern Pueblo group. The adjacentLaguna Pueblo is a Central—Keresan Pueblo group.
Isleta (and the Sandia) havematrilinealkinship systems, with descent and inheritance traced through the mother's family; the children are considered born to her people and receive their status from her family or corn group, akin to aclan. They have anendogamous system of marriage. These kinship/cultural divisions are connected with the sacred directions and colors, as well as triballineages,clans,phratries, and moieties. In themoiety system, one moiety is connected with winter practices, and the other with the summer practices and traditions.
The tribe maintains and operates akiva as sacred space for particular rituals and ceremonies. The traditional religion involves the cult of theKachinas, spiritual beings that personify various aspects of the immaterial and natural worlds. The kachina concept has three different aspects: the supernatural being, thekachina dancers (masked members of the community who represent kachinas at religious ceremonies), andkachina dolls, small dolls carved in the likeness of Kachinas given as gifts to children. The cult of the Kachinas may have spread eastwards to Isleta from the Western Pueblos through Laguna, in which Kachinas have been a part of the traditional religion for longer.
When theSpanish arrived in the late 1500s they named the villageIsleta,Spanish for "little island". TheSpanish Mission ofSan Agustín de la Isleta was built in the pueblo in 1613 by the SpanishFranciscan friarJuan de Salas.[11][12] He tried to teach the people about Catholicism and western ways of cultivating plants.
During thePueblo Revolt of 1680, many of the pueblo people fled toHopi settlements inArizona, while others followed theSpanish retreat south to El Paso del Norte (present-dayEl Paso, Texas). After the rebellion, the Isleta people returned to the Pueblo, many with Hopi spouses.
In the 1800s, friction with members ofLaguna Pueblo andAcoma Pueblo, who had joined the Isleta community, led to the founding of the satellite settlement of Oraibi.[citation needed] In the 21st century, Isleta includes the main pueblo, as well as the small communities of Oraibi and Chicale.
On October 21, 1887, theFrench missionaryFather Anton Docher traveled to New Mexico, where he was assigned as a priest in theCathedral of Santa Fé.[13] After three years in Santa Fé and one in Taos, he was assigned to Isleta, arriving on December 28, 1891. There, he metAdolph Bandelier andCharles Fletcher Lummis, who became long-term friends.[14] YoungPablo Abeita (no relation to Diego orLouise Abeita) had recently been selected as Governor of Isleta, continuing into the 1930s.
Father Anton Docher served for 34 years in the historicSt. Agustin Mission Church until his death in 1928. He is buried near the previous priest,Padre Padilla, near the altar of the church in Isleta. (Built by the Tiwa under direction of a Spanish missionary in 1612, the church is one of the oldest in the United States.)
On October 26, 1919, the King of BelgiumAlbert I, together with QueenElisabeth of Belgium andPrince Léopold, journeyed to Isleta during their official visit to the United States. The King decoratedPablo Abeita, Governor of the Pueblo, and FatherAnton Docher with theOrder of Léopold.[16] Abeita gave the king a turquoise cross mounted in silver made by the Isletans.[17] 10,000 people journeyed to Isleta for this grand visit by European royalty.
Abeita was appointed by the tribe to the Council of All Indian Pueblos, which was active in the 1920s to resist United States government political takeover of its lands. The Pueblo had an unusual land title, as the Spanish had a tradition of affirming indigenous title. When the United States took over the Southwest in 1848 following theMexican War, it promised by treaty to preserve Spanish-Mexican titles. Abeita and other Pueblo leaders organized to raise awareness of these terms; they gained passage of thePueblo Lands Act of 1924 by the US Congress, which affirmed their indigenous title.
But, through takeovers by Europeans and the United States, the Pueblo continued to lose lands. Some land claims were affirmed by court cases through the 20th century (seeAboriginal title in New Mexico). Beginning in the late 20th century, the tribe's leaders have worked to buy back lands to re-establish their homeland territory.
In the mid-2010s, Pueblo leaders purchased 90,151 acres (140 square miles) of land that was once part of the tribes’ aboriginal homeland, at a cost of approximatelyUS$7.3 million.[6] In January 2016, thesecretary of the interior joined the Governor of the Pueblo to celebrate thefederal government placing this large parcel of land into trust on behalf of the Pueblo. The addition increased the Pueblo's territory by 50%. The land is primarily located within what is known as Comanche Ranch, and is one of the Pueblo's profitable businesses, where they run 1,000 head of cattle.[6]
The population was approximately 4,000 people[when?] and the tribe owns 211,000 acres of land.[citation needed]
Up until the early 20th century, the tribe was headed by acacique, a man selected by elders from a clan with hereditary rights. In addition, the tribe annually elected a governor and assistants. The governor acted as a judge in civil cases; criminal cases were turned over to the federal government. The grand council was made up of all the chiefs, leaders of the pueblo who had gained popular respect. There were distinctions between peace chiefs and those leaders appointed in war.[citation needed]
FatherAnton Docher, a French Catholic priest serving for decades at the Pueblo church, described the community in a 1913 article inThe Santa Fé Magazine:
ACacique appointed for life, has the supreme power over his subjects. A governor is elected yearly by the people with two assistants, and occasionally a grand council meets. The governor is the judge in civil cases only (crimes are turned over to the district courts). A war captain and other officials have charge of the various celebrations and dances, such as the "dance of the kings" in January, the "tortoise dance" in February ...[13]
As of the 1940s, the Pueblo of Isleta has democratically elected tribal leaders. The Isletaconstitution was approved on March 27, 1947. There are thirteen articles in the constitution. The Pueblo organizes its government intothree branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
The governor is the top executive officer and is elected democratically. In mid-October, nominations are taken, and a general election is held the last Saturday in November. The newly elected governor selects two lieutenant governors, a sheriff, and an under-sheriff to assist during his/her governorship. The governor is bound by Article IV - Executive Branch of the constitution.
The administration in 2025 is:Governor: Eugene JironFirst Lieutenant Governor: Charles JojolaSecond Lieutenant Governor: Juan Rey Abeita[18]
The Isleta Tribal Council has 7 members, each elected for two-year terms. Their duties are outlined within Article V - Legislative Branch of the constitution.
The governor appoints all tribal judges, who are confirmed by the Tribal Council (offering advice and consent). According to the constitution, Article IX - Judicial Branch, tribal judges are appointed by the governor; and must receive two-thirds (2/3) majority vote by the Isleta Tribal Council to be confirmed. The tribal courts comprise three judges: chief judge and two associate judges. Some of the tribal judges are not law trained. Some members and observers believe that political appointment of tribal judges can cause distrust of the judicial system, if opponents of the governor believe the judges are too influenced by the politics.
In addition to the cattle ranch, Pueblo of Isleta owns and operates the Isleta Resort Casino which is one of the larger New Mexico casinos, the Eagle Golf Course, and the Isleta Lakes Recreational Complex. The Isleta Resort Casino is accessible via theNew Mexico Rail Runner Express, a commuter rail line from Belen to Santa Fe, atIsleta Pueblo station. The casino has naming rights to theIsleta Amphitheater.[citation needed]
The portion of Isleta Pueblo in Bernalillo County is zoned toAlbuquerque Public Schools.[19]
TheBureau of Indian Education operatesIsleta Elementary School in anunincorporated area west of the CDP.[20] The current facility opened in 2006.[21]
The public library is the Isleta Pueblo Library.[22]
An ancient game in which the players race many miles, kicking a small stick ahead of them. They must touch it only with their toes.
1000 Moon Light Dr, Albuquerque, NM, 87105- Compare to theMap of the CDP
| Reservations | |
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| Pueblos | |
Municipalities and communities ofBernalillo County, New Mexico,United States | ||
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| Cities |  | |
| Town | ||
| Villages | ||
| CDPs | ||
| Other communities | ||
| Indian reservations | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
