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Provinces of the Philippines

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Administrative division of the Philippines

Provinces of the Philippines
CategoryProvince
LocationPhilippines
Found inAdministrative andautonomous regions
Number82 (as of 2022)
Populations17,246 (Batanes) – 4,344,829 (Cavite)[a]
Areas219.01 km2 (84.56 sq mi) forBatanes – 17,030.75 km2 (6,575.61 sq mi) forPalawan
Government
Subdivisions
flagPhilippines portal

In thePhilippines,provinces (Filipino:lalawigan orprobinsiya) are one of its primary political andadministrative divisions. There are 82 provinces at present, which are further subdivided intocomponent cities andmunicipalities. Thelocal government units in theNational Capital Region, as well asindependent cities, are independent of any provincial government. Each province is governed by an electedlegislature called theSangguniang Panlalawigan and an electedgovernor.

The provinces are grouped into18 regions based on geographical, cultural, and ethnological characteristics. Thirteen of these regions are numerically designated from north to south, while the National Capital Region, theCordillera Administrative Region, theSouthwestern Tagalog Region (Mimaropa), theNegros Island Region, and theBangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao are only designated by acronyms.

Each province is a member of theLeague of Provinces of the Philippines, an organization that aims to address issues affecting provincial and metropolitan government administrations.[1]

Government

[edit]

A provincial government is autonomous of other provinces within the republic. Each province is governed by two main elected branches of the government: executive and legislative. Judicial affairs are separated from provincial governance and are administered by theSupreme Court of the Philippines. Each province has at least one branch of aRegional Trial Court.

Executive

[edit]
Main article:List of current Philippine provincial governors

The provincial governor is chief executive and head of each province. Provincial governors are elected to a term of three years and limited to three consecutive terms and appoint the directors of each provincial department which include the office of administration, engineering office, information office, legal office, and treasury office.

Legislative

[edit]
Main article:Sangguniang Panlalawigan

The vice governor acts as the president for eachSangguniang Panlalawigan (SP; "Provincial Board"), the province's legislative body. Every SP is composed of regularly elected members from provincial districts, as well asex officio members. The number of regularly elected SP members allotted to each province is determined by its income class. First- and second-class provinces are provided ten regular SP members; third- and fourth-class provinces have eight, while fifth- and sixth-class provinces have six. Exceptions are provinces with more than five congressional districts, such asCavite with 16 regularly elected SP members, andCebu,Negros Occidental andPangasinan which have twelve each.

Every SP has designated seats forex officio members, given to the respective local presidents of the Association ofBarangay Captains (ABC), Philippine Councilors' League (PCL), andSangguniang Kabataan (SK; "Youth Council").

The vice governor and regular members of an SP are elected by the voters within the province.Ex officio members are elected by members of their respective organizations.

Relation to other levels of government

[edit]

National government

[edit]

National intrusion into the affairs of each provincial government is limited by the Philippine Constitution. ThePresident of the Philippines however coordinates with provincial administrators through theDepartment of the Interior and Local Government. For purposes of national representation, each province is guaranteed its owncongressional district. One congressional representative represents each district in theHouse of Representatives.Senatorial representation is elected at an at-large basis and not apportioned through territory-based districts.

Cities and municipalities

[edit]
Main articles:Cities of the Philippines andMunicipalities of the Philippines

Those classified as either "highly urbanized" or "independent component" cities areindependent from the province, as provided for in Section 29 of the Local Government Code of 1991.[2] Although such a city is a self-governing second-level entity, in many cases it is often presented as part of the province in which it is geographically located, or in the case ofZamboanga City, theprovince it last formed part the congressional representation of.

Local government units classified as "component" cities and municipalities are under the jurisdiction of the provincial government. In order to make sure that all component city or municipal governments act within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions, the Local Government Code mandates the provincial governor to review executive orders issued by mayors, and theSangguniang Panlalawigan to review legislation by theSangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) orSangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council), of all component cities and municipalities under the province's jurisdiction.[2]

Barangays

[edit]

The provincial government does not have direct relations with individual barangays. Supervision over a barangay government is the mandate of the mayor and the Sanggunian of the component city or municipality of which the barangay in question is a part.[2]

Classification

[edit]
Provinces based on income classification.

Provinces are classified according to average annual income based on the previous 4 calendar years. Effective July 29, 2008, the thresholds for the income classes for cities are:[3][needs update]

ClassAverage annual income
First₱450 million or more
Second₱360 million or more but less than ₱450 million
Third₱270 million or more but less than ₱360 million
Fourth₱180 million or more but less than ₱270 million
Fifth₱90 million or more but less than ₱180 million
Sixthbelow ₱90 million

A province's income class determines the size of the membership of itsSangguniang Panlalawigan, and also how much it can spend on certain items, or procure through certain means.[2]

List

[edit]
For a list of provinces withindependent cities presented separately, seeList of primary local government units of the Philippines.

ISO[4]ProvinceCapitalPopulation[5]Area[6]DensityFounded[A]Island groupRegionTotalLGUs
%(2024)Mun.CityBrgy.
PH-ABRAbraBangued0.22%246,9484,165.25 km2
(1,608.21 sq mi)		59/km2 (154/sq mi)1846LuzonCAR27—303
PH-AGNAgusan del Norte[i]Cabadbaran[ii][7]0.70%789,6303,546.86 km2
(1,369.45 sq mi)		223/km2 (577/sq mi)20 Sep 1907MindanaoXIII102253
PH-AGSAgusan del SurProsperidad0.66%740,5319,989.52 km2
(3,856.98 sq mi)		74/km2 (192/sq mi)1 Jan 1970
[8]		MindanaoXIII131314
PH-AKLAklanKalibo0.56%634,4221,821.42 km2
(703.25 sq mi)		348/km2 (902/sq mi)25 Apr 1956
[9]		VisayasVI17—327
PH-ALBAlbayLegazpi1.22%1,379,3982,575.77 km2
(994.51 sq mi)		536/km2 (1,387/sq mi)3 Apr 1574
[10]		LuzonV153720
PH-ANTAntiqueSan Jose de Buenavista0.57%643,1732,729.17 km2
(1,053.74 sq mi)		236/km2 (610/sq mi)10 Mar 1917VisayasVI18—590
PH-APAApayaoKabugao[iii]0.11%126,5874,413.35 km2
(1,704.00 sq mi)		29/km2 (74/sq mi)14 Feb 1995LuzonCAR7—133
PH-AURAuroraBaler0.21%240,8243,147.32 km2
(1,215.19 sq mi)		77/km2 (198/sq mi)13 Aug 1979LuzonIII8—151
PH-BASBasilan[iv]Lamitan[12]0.61%693,2441,327.23 km2
(512.45 sq mi)[13]		522/km2 (1,353/sq mi)27 Dec 1973MindanaoBARMM[v]112255
PH-BANBataanBalanga0.79%891,4401,373.98 km2
(530.50 sq mi)		649/km2 (1,682/sq mi)11 Jan 1754LuzonIII111237
PH-BTNBatanesBasco0.02%18,937219.01 km2
(84.56 sq mi)		86/km2 (224/sq mi)26 Jun 1783
[14]		LuzonII6—29
PH-BTGBatangasBatangas City2.66%2,994,7953,119.72 km2
(1,204.53 sq mi)		960/km2 (2,486/sq mi)8 Dec 1581LuzonIV-A2951,078
PH-BENBenguet[vi]La Trinidad0.75%841,6162,826.59 km2
(1,091.35 sq mi)		298/km2 (771/sq mi)1 Jun 1536LuzonCAR131269
PH-BILBiliranNaval0.16%184,095536.01 km2
(206.95 sq mi)		343/km2 (890/sq mi)11 May 1992VisayasVIII8—132
PH-BOHBoholTagbilaran1.25%1,412,7264,820.95 km2
(1,861.38 sq mi)		293/km2 (759/sq mi)22 Jul 1854
[15]		VisayasVII4711,109
PH-BUKBukidnonMalaybalay1.42%1,601,90210,498.59 km2
(4,053.53 sq mi)		153/km2 (395/sq mi)10 Mar 1917MindanaoX202464
PH-BULBulacanMalolos3.44%3,876,8062,796.10 km2
(1,079.58 sq mi)		1,387/km2 (3,591/sq mi)15 Aug 1578LuzonIII213569
PH-CAGCagayanTuguegarao1.14%1,284,6769,295.75 km2
(3,589.11 sq mi)		138/km2 (358/sq mi)29 Jun 1583
[16]		LuzonII281820
PH-CANCamarines NorteDaet0.54%604,6662,320.07 km2
(895.78 sq mi)		261/km2 (675/sq mi)15 Apr 1920
[17]		LuzonV12—282
PH-CASCamarines Sur[vii]Pili1.83%2,063,3145,497.03 km2
(2,122.42 sq mi)		375/km2 (972/sq mi)27 May 1579
[18]		LuzonV3521,063
PH-CAMCamiguinMambajao0.08%94,892237.95 km2
(91.87 sq mi)		399/km2 (1,033/sq mi)18 Jun 1966MindanaoX5—58
PH-CAPCapizRoxas City0.74%835,0982,594.64 km2
(1,001.80 sq mi)		322/km2 (834/sq mi)10 Mar 1917VisayasVI161473
PH-CATCatanduanesVirac0.23%261,1691,492.16 km2
(576.13 sq mi)		175/km2 (453/sq mi)26 Sep 1945LuzonV11—315
PH-CAVCaviteImus[19]4.06%4,573,8841,574.17 km2
(607.79 sq mi)		2,906/km2 (7,525/sq mi)10 Mar 1614
[20]		LuzonIV-A158803
PH-CEBCebu[viii]Cebu City[21]4.64%5,228,1495,342.00 km2
(2,062.56 sq mi)		979/km2 (2,535/sq mi)27 Apr 1565VisayasVII4491,203
PH-NCOCotabato[ix]Kidapawan1.14%1,286,1429,008.90 km2
(3,478.36 sq mi)		142/km2 (367/sq mi)1 Sep 1914
[22]		MindanaoXII[x]171543
PH-COMDavao de OroNabunturan0.70%783,7754,479.77 km2
(1,729.65 sq mi)		175/km2 (453/sq mi)31 Jan 1998MindanaoXI11—237
PH-DAVDavao del NorteTagum1.01%1,143,9313,426.97 km2
(1,323.16 sq mi)		334/km2 (865/sq mi)8 May 1967MindanaoXI83223
PH-DASDavao del Sur[xi]Digos2.27%2,554,0764,607.59 km2
(1,779.00 sq mi)		554/km2 (1,436/sq mi)1 Sep 1904MindanaoXI92414
PH-DVODavao OccidentalMalita0.28%317,5982,163.45 km2
(835.31 sq mi)		147/km2 (380/sq mi)28 Oct 2013MindanaoXI5—105
PH-DAODavao OrientalMati0.52%590,0425,679.64 km2
(2,192.92 sq mi)		101/km2 (263/sq mi)8 May 1967MindanaoXI101183
PH-DINDinagat IslandsSan Jose0.11%120,5331,036.34 km2
(400.13 sq mi)		116/km2 (301/sq mi)2 Dec 2006MindanaoXIII7—100
PH-EASEastern SamarBorongan0.42%472,6834,660.47 km2
(1,799.42 sq mi)		101/km2 (263/sq mi)19 Jun 1965VisayasVIII221597
PH-GUIGuimarasJordan0.17%192,874604.57 km2
(233.43 sq mi)		319/km2 (826/sq mi)22 May 1992VisayasVI5—98
PH-IFUIfugaoLagawe0.19%208,6682,628.21 km2
(1,014.76 sq mi)		79/km2 (206/sq mi)18 Jun 1966LuzonCAR11—176
PH-ILNIlocos NorteLaoag0.55%618,8503,467.89 km2
(1,338.96 sq mi)		178/km2 (462/sq mi)2 Feb 1792LuzonI212559
PH-ILSIlocos SurVigan0.63%709,9912,596.00 km2
(1,002.32 sq mi)		273/km2 (708/sq mi)1572LuzonI322768
PH-ILIIloilo[xii]Iloilo City[21]2.27%2,556,3445,079.17 km2
(1,961.08 sq mi)		503/km2 (1,304/sq mi)1566VisayasVI4221,901
PH-ISAIsabela[xiii]Ilagan1.54%1,733,04812,414.93 km2
(4,793.43 sq mi)		140/km2 (362/sq mi)1 May 1856LuzonII3431,055
PH-KALKalingaTabuk0.21%235,3913,231.25 km2
(1,247.59 sq mi)		73/km2 (189/sq mi)18 Jun 1966LuzonCAR71153
PH-LUNLa UnionSan Fernando0.73%825,0721,497.70 km2
(578.27 sq mi)		551/km2 (1,427/sq mi)2 Mar 1850LuzonI191576
PH-LAGLagunaSanta Cruz3.27%3,687,3451,917.85 km2
(740.49 sq mi)		1,923/km2 (4,980/sq mi)28 Jul 1571LuzonIV-A246674
PH-LANLanao del Norte[xiv]Tubod1.00%1,129,8574,159.94 km2
(1,606.16 sq mi)		272/km2 (703/sq mi)4 Jul 1959MindanaoX221506
PH-LASLanao del SurMarawi1.21%1,368,1373,872.89 km2
(1,495.33 sq mi)[23]		353/km2 (915/sq mi)1 Sep 1914MindanaoBARMM3911,159
PH-LEYLeyte[xv]Tacloban[21]1.85%2,082,8116,515.05 km2
(2,515.47 sq mi)		320/km2 (828/sq mi)5 Apr 1712VisayasVIII4031,641
PH-MDNMaguindanao del Norte[xvi]Datu Odin Sinsuat1.00%1,124,8114,752.47 km2
(1,834.94 sq mi)		282/km2 (730/sq mi)17 Sep 2022MindanaoBARMM121189
PH-MDSMaguindanao del SurBuluan0.72%813,2434,973.48 km2
(1,920.27 sq mi)		164/km2 (424/sq mi)4 Nov 1802MindanaoBARMM24—167
PH-MADMarinduqueBoac0.20%226,522952.58 km2
(367.79 sq mi)		238/km2 (616/sq mi)21 Feb 1920LuzonMimaropa6—218
PH-MASMasbateMasbate City0.81%910,8134,151.78 km2
(1,603.01 sq mi)		219/km2 (568/sq mi)18 Mar 1901
[24]		LuzonV201550
PH-MSCMisamis OccidentalOroquieta0.55%621,9932,055.22 km2
(793.52 sq mi)		303/km2 (784/sq mi)8 Nov 1929MindanaoX143490
PH-MSRMisamis Oriental[xvii]Cagayan de Oro[21]1.53%1,729,6823,544.32 km2
(1,368.47 sq mi)		488/km2 (1,264/sq mi)15 May 1901MindanaoX233504
PH-MOUMountain ProvinceBontoc0.13%149,7752,157.38 km2
(832.97 sq mi)		69/km2 (180/sq mi)1846LuzonCAR10—144
PH-NECNegros Occidental[xviii]Bacolod[21]2.93%3,305,2647,965.21 km2
(3,075.38 sq mi)		415/km2 (1,075/sq mi)15 Jul 1416
[25]		VisayasNIR1913662
PH-NERNegros OrientalDumaguete1.32%1,492,0385,385.53 km2
(2,079.36 sq mi)		277/km2 (718/sq mi)1 Jan 1890
[26]		VisayasNIR206557
PH-NSANorthern SamarCatarman0.57%645,7893,692.93 km2
(1,425.85 sq mi)		175/km2 (453/sq mi)19 Jun 1965VisayasVIII24—569
PH-NUENueva EcijaPalayan[xix]2.13%2,395,8165,751.33 km2
(2,220.60 sq mi)		417/km2 (1,079/sq mi)25 Apr 1801
[27]		LuzonIII275849
PH-NUVNueva VizcayaBayombong0.47%530,1063,975.67 km2
(1,535.01 sq mi)		133/km2 (345/sq mi)24 May 1839
[28]		LuzonII15—275
PH-MDCOccidental MindoroMamburao0.45%511,4175,865.71 km2
(2,264.76 sq mi)		87/km2 (226/sq mi)15 Nov 1950
[29]		LuzonMimaropa11—162
PH-MDROriental MindoroCalapan0.82%919,5044,238.38 km2
(1,636.45 sq mi)		217/km2 (562/sq mi)1663LuzonMimaropa141426
PH-PLWPalawan[xx]Puerto Princesa[21]1.14%1,285,17917,030.75 km2
(6,575.61 sq mi)		75/km2 (195/sq mi)23 Jan 1902LuzonMimaropa231433
PH-PAMPampanga[xxi]San Fernando2.72%3,069,8982,062.47 km2
(796.32 sq mi)		1,488/km2 (3,855/sq mi)4 Sep 1408LuzonIII193538
PH-PANPangasinan[xxii]Lingayen2.83%3,188,5405,451.01 km2
(2,104.65 sq mi)		585/km2 (1,515/sq mi)5 Apr 1580
[30]		LuzonI4441,364
PH-QUEQuezon[xxiii]Lucena[21]2.01%2,260,6699,069.60 km2
(3,501.79 sq mi)		249/km2 (646/sq mi)1591[31]LuzonIV-A3921,242
PH-QUIQuirinoCabarroguis0.19%210,8412,323.47 km2
(897.10 sq mi)		91/km2 (235/sq mi)18 Jun 1966LuzonII6—132
PH-RIZRizalAntipolo3.03%3,416,5411,191.94 km2
(460.21 sq mi)		2,866/km2 (7,424/sq mi)23 Feb 1853LuzonIV-A131189
PH-ROMRomblonRomblon0.28%308,9851,533.45 km2
(592.07 sq mi)		201/km2 (522/sq mi)16 Mar 1901
[32]		LuzonMimaropa17—219
PH-WSASamarCatbalogan0.73%793,1836,048.03 km2
(2,335.16 sq mi)		131/km2 (340/sq mi)4 Feb 1792VisayasVIII242951
PH-SARSaranganiAlabel0.51%558,9463,601.25 km2
(1,390.45 sq mi)		155/km2 (402/sq mi)16 Mar 1992MindanaoXII7—141
PH-SIGSiquijorSiquijor0.09%103,395337.49 km2
(130.31 sq mi)		306/km2 (793/sq mi)17 Sep 1971VisayasNIR6—134
PH-SORSorsogonSorsogon City0.76%828,6552,119.01 km2
(818.15 sq mi)		391/km2 (1,013/sq mi)17 Oct 1894LuzonV141541
PH-SCOSouth Cotabato[xxiv]Koronadal1.53%1,672,7914,428.81 km2
(1,709.97 sq mi)		378/km2 (978/sq mi)18 Jun 1966MindanaoXII102225
PH-SLESouthern LeyteMaasin0.39%429,5731,798.61 km2
(694.45 sq mi)		239/km2 (619/sq mi)22 May 1959VisayasVIII181500
PH-SUKSultan KudaratIsulan0.78%854,0525,298.34 km2
(2,045.70 sq mi)		161/km2 (417/sq mi)22 Nov 1973MindanaoXII111249
PH-SLUSuluJolo0.92%1,000,1081,600.40 km2
(617.92 sq mi)[33]		625/km2 (1,619/sq mi)10 Mar 1917MindanaoIX19—410
PH-SUNSurigao del NorteSurigao City0.49%534,6361,972.93 km2
(761.75 sq mi)		271/km2 (702/sq mi)15 May 1901MindanaoXIII201335
PH-SURSurigao del SurTandag0.59%642,2554,932.70 km2
(1,904.53 sq mi)		130/km2 (337/sq mi)16 Jun 1960MindanaoXIII172309
PH-TARTarlacTarlac City1.38%1,503,4563,053.60 km2
(1,179.00 sq mi)		492/km2 (1,275/sq mi)28 Mar 1872
[34][35]		LuzonIII171511
PH-TAWTawi-TawiBongao[36]0.40%440,2761,087.40 km2
(419.85 sq mi)[37]		405/km2 (1,049/sq mi)11 Sep 1973MindanaoBARMM11—203
PH-ZMBZambales[xxv]Iba0.83%909,9323,830.83 km2
(1,479.09 sq mi)		238/km2 (615/sq mi)1578LuzonIII131247
PH-ZANZamboanga del NorteDipolog0.96%1,047,4557,301.00 km2
(2,818.93 sq mi)		143/km2 (372/sq mi)6 Jun 1952MindanaoIX252691
PH-ZASZamboanga del Sur[xxvi]Pagadian1.86%2,027,9025,914.16 km2
(2,283.47 sq mi)		343/km2 (888/sq mi)1 Sep 1914MindanaoIX262779
PH-ZSIZamboanga SibugayIpil0.61%669,8403,607.75 km2
(1,392.96 sq mi)		186/km2 (481/sq mi)22 Feb 2001MindanaoIX16—389
PH-00Metro ManilaManila †12.42%14,001,751636.00 km2
(245.56 sq mi)		22,015/km2 (57,019/sq mi)—LuzonNCR[B]1161,706
Special Geographic Area0.19%214,703824.31 km2
(318.27 sq mi)		260/km2 (675/sq mi)—[C]1863
  1. ^Dates could refer to provincehood as established during theSpanish andAmerican colonial periods, or through Republic Acts.
  2. ^Metro Manila is included for comparison, although it isnot a province but anadministrative region.
  3. ^Special Geographic Area is included because the 2024 Philippine Census designate it as separate from Cotabato and it has its own authority, although it isnot a province or a city.

Table notes

[edit]
  1. ^Figures include the independent city ofButuan.
  2. ^Cabadbaran has been made the official capital of the province, as per Republic Act No. 8811. However, the seat of the provincial government is still in the process of being transferred fromButuan, where the provincial government still holds office.
  3. ^The province maintains another government center inLuna, where many national and provincial agencies now hold office.[11]
  4. ^Figures include the city ofIsabela.
  5. ^The city ofIsabela is regionally served by the offices ofRegion IX.
  6. ^Figures include the independent city ofBaguio.
  7. ^Figures include the independent city ofNaga.
  8. ^Figures include the independent cities ofCebu,Lapu-Lapu, andMandaue.
  9. ^Figures include the municipalities in theSpecial Geographic Area.
  10. ^Except the municipalities in theSpecial Geographic Area, which is part ofBangsamoro.
  11. ^Figures include the independent city ofDavao.
  12. ^Figures include the independent city ofIloilo.
  13. ^Figures include the independent city ofSantiago.
  14. ^Figures include the independent city ofIligan.
  15. ^Figures include the independent cities ofOrmoc andTacloban.
  16. ^Figures include the independent city ofCotabato.
  17. ^Figures include the independent city ofCagayan de Oro.
  18. ^Figures include the independent city ofBacolod.
  19. ^The provincial government still uses and maintains facilities in the former capital,Cabanatuan.
  20. ^Figures include the independent city ofPuerto Princesa.
  21. ^Figures include the independent city ofAngeles.
  22. ^Figures include the independent city ofDagupan.
  23. ^Figures include the independent city ofLucena.
  24. ^Figures include the independent city ofGeneral Santos.
  25. ^Figures include the independent city ofOlongapo.
  26. ^Figures include the independent city ofZamboanga.

Former provinces

[edit]
  • Manila (until 1901) – Incorporated intoRizal; portions around Manila later consolidated to form present-dayNCR.
  • Lepanto-Bontoc (1902–1908) – Incorporated intoMountain Province.
  • Moro Province (1903–1913) – Converted to theDepartment of Mindanao and Sulu, composed of seven provinces. Now part of several regions in Mindanao.
  • Ambos Camarines (1901–1908) – Divided intoCamarines Norte andCamarines Sur, although the wording ofAct No. 2809 implies Camarines Norte was created fromAmbos Camarines, the remainder of which was renamed Camarines Sur. Camarines Sur retained the provincial capital ofNueva Caceres.
  • Misamis (1901–1939) – Partitioned intoMisamis Occidental andMisamis Oriental. Misamis Oriental retained the provincial capital ofCagayan.
  • Mindoro (1902–1950) – Divided intoOccidental Mindoro andOriental Mindoro. Oriental Mindoro retained the provincial capital ofCalapan.
  • Zamboanga (1914–1952) – Partitioned intoZamboanga del Norte andZamboanga del Sur. Thede jure provincial capital ofMolave was placed under the jurisdiction of Zamboanga del Sur which had its capital inPagadian.Zamboanga Sibugay later created from Zamboanga del Sur.
  • Lanao (1914–1959) – Divided intoLanao del Norte andLanao del Sur. Lanao del Sur retained the provincial capital of Dansalan (nowMarawi).
  • Surigao (1901–1967) – Partitioned intoSurigao del Norte andSurigao del Sur. Surigao del Norte retained the provincial capital ofSurigao City and the provincial seal. The province ofDinagat Islands was later created from Surigao del Norte.
  • Davao (1914–1967; 1972–1998) – Divided intoDavao del Norte,Davao del Sur andDavao Oriental. Davao del Norte was officially known as Davao from 1972 to 1998, when Compostela Valley (nowDavao de Oro) was later created from Davao province. Davao Occidental later created from Davao del Sur.
  • Agusan (1907–1967) – Partitioned intoAgusan del Norte andAgusan del Sur. Agusan del Norte retained the former provincial capital ofButuan. The provincial capital was officially transferred to Cabadbaran in 2000 but the provincial government services and functions are yet to be completely transferred to the new capital.[38]
  • Negros del Norte (1985–1986) – Batas Pambansa Blg. 885,[39] which created a new province out of the northern part ofNegros Occidental, took effect on December 23, 1985, with a plebiscite to ratify the law held on January 3, 1986. The province comprised the present-day cities ofCadiz (which was to serve as the capital),Escalante,Sagay,San Carlos,Silay andVictorias, as well as the municipalities ofCalatrava,Don Salvador Benedicto,Enrique B. Magalona,Manapla, andToboso. Despite voters ratifyingBatas Pambansa Blg. 885, on July 11, 1986, theSupreme Court declared the law and the proclamation of the province null and void. The ruling states the enabling law was unconstitutional for, among other things, not including the rest of Negros Occidental in the plebiscite, and the proposed province not meeting the 3,500 square kilometer land area requirement of the 1983 Local Government Code.[40]
  • Kalinga-Apayao (1966–1995) – Divided intoApayao andKalinga. Kalinga retained the provincial capital ofTabuk.
  • Shariff Kabunsuan (2006–2008) – Republic Act No. 9054 conferred to theAutonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao expanded powers, especially the capacity to create provinces (Article VI, Section 19).[41] Based on this, theARMM Regional Legislative Assembly enactedMuslim Mindanao Autonomy Act No. 201 on August 28, 2006. The Act created a new province, comprising all the municipalities in thefirst congressional district of Maguindanao (exceptCotabato City), with its capital atDatu Odin Sinsuat. The province's creation was approved on October 28, 2006, by a majority vote in aplebiscite. Responding to requests for clarification as to which congressional districts form Shariff Kabunsuan for the2007 elections (specifically whether Cotabato City was part of the representation of the new province),COMELEC issuedResolution No. 7845, which initially held Cotabato City to be the sole remainingLGU in the First District of Maguindanao. COMELEC later amended this withResolution No. 7902, which maintained thestatus quo before the province's creation. The COMELEC resolutions became the subject ofa case in which the Supreme Court opined that because "the power to create new a province or city inherently involves the power to create a legislative district"—a power thatCongress did not explicitly delegate to the ARMM Regional Assembly—the creation of a province by a lower legislative body (the ARMM Regional Assembly) will necessarily entail the creation of a legislative district for a higher legislative body (Congress). Therefore, on July 16, 2008, the Supreme Court declared Section 19, Article VI ofRA No. 9054 unconstitutional,MMA Act No. 201 void, andCOMELEC Resolution No. 7902 valid.[42]
  • Maguindanao (1973–2022) – Republic Act No. 11550[43] divided the province into Maguindanao del Norte and Maguindanao del Sur through a plebiscite. Maguindanao del Norte resembles the former province of Shariff Kabunsuan however adds the municipality of Sultan Sumagka into its territory. The capital of Maguindanao del Norte isDatu Odin Sinsuat while the capital of Maguindanao del Sur isBuluan.

Etymologies

[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, seeList of provincial name etymologies of the Philippines.

History

[edit]
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Timeline

[edit]

TheRevolutionary Government of the Philippines and later theFirst Philippine Republic continued the original Spanish divisions, establishing civil government on the provincial as well as municipal scale in areas liberated from Spanish sovereignty. The United States, asserting ownership over the Philippines, divided the islands into fourgobiernos (governments), which were further subdivided into provinces and districts. The American administration likewise inherited the Spanish divisions and placed them under military government. Civil government instituted under Filipino authority was gradually replaced with American civil government as towns fell to the Americans during thePhilippine–American War.

1900–1901
  • November 23, 1900 – Civil government of the province ofBenguet established through Act No. 49. Capital moved toBaguio.[44]
  • February 6, 1901 – Act No. 83, or the Provincial Government Act, enacted by thePhilippine Commission.[45]
  • February 13 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toPampanga through Act No. 85.[46]
  • February 16 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toPangasinan through Act No. 86. Towns ofBalungao,Rosales,San Quintin andUmingan annexed fromNueva Ecija.[47]
  • February 18 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toTarlac through Act No. 87.[48]
  • February 27 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toBulacan through Act No. 88. Capital moved toMalolos.[49]
  • March 2 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toBataan through Act No. 92.[50]
  • March 12 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toTayabas through Act No. 103. Capital moved toLucena.[51]
  • March 16 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toRomblon, elevated from Spanish-era status of District, through Act No. 104.[52]
  • March 18 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toMasbate, elevated from Spanish-era status of District, through Act No. 105.[53]
  • April 11 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toIloilo, formed through the merging of the Spanish-era Province of Iloilo with theComandancia of Concepcion, through Act No. 113.[54]
  • April 13 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toAntique through Act No. 114.[55]
  • April 15 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toCapiz through Act No. 115.[56]
  • April 18 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toCebu through Act No. 116.[57]
  • April 20 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toBohol through Act No. 117.[58]
  • April 22 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toLeyte through Act No. 121.[59]
  • April 26 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toAlbay through Act No. 122.[60]
  • April 27 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toAmbos Camarines through Act No. 123.[61]
  • April 30 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toSorsogon through Act No. 124.[62]
  • May 1:
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toOccidental Negros andOriental Negros through Acts No. 119[63] and 120,[64] respectively, enacted on April 20, 1901.
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended to newly createdMarinduque through Act No. 125.[65]
  • May 2 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toBatangas through Act No. 126.[66]
  • May 15:
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toSurigao, elevated from Spanish-era status of District, through Act No. 127.[67]
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toMisamis through Act No. 128.[68]
  • June 11:
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended to newly createdRizal, formed through the merging of the Politico-Military District of Morong with the entireprovince of Manila except the territory of thecity of Manila, through Act No. 137.[69]
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toCavite through Act No. 138. AnnexedLubang and adjacent islands to the province. Provincial government provided an option to move capital from the town ofCavite.[70]
    • Provisions of the Provincial Government Act extended toNueva Ecija through Act No. 139. Provincial government provided an option to move capital from the town ofSan Isidro.[71]
  • July 16 –Catanduanes annexed toAlbay through Act No. 169.[72]
  • July 17 –Batangas,Bohol andCebu placed under the control of military governors through Act No. 173.[73]
  • August 15 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toLa Union through Act No. 203.[74]
  • August 16 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toIlocos Sur through Act No. 205.[75]
  • August 19 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toAbra, excluding its territory east of the crest of theCordillera Central, through Act No. 206.[76]
  • August 20 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toIlocos Norte through Act No. 207.[77]
  • August 22 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toCagayan through Act No. 209. TheBabuyan Islands and the Spanish-era province ofBatanes annexed to the province.[78]
  • August 24 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toIsabela through Act No. 210.[79]
  • August 28 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toZambales through Act No. 211.[80]
1902
  • January 1 – Civil government of the Province ofCebu restored through Act No. 322 enacted on December 20, 1901.[81]
  • January 28 – Civil government of the Province ofNueva Vizcaya established through Act No. 337.[82]
  • April 1 – Civil government of the Province ofBohol restored through Act No. 365 enacted on March 3, 1902.[83]
  • May 28 – Spanish-era comandancias of Amburayan,Bontoc and Lepanto organized into sub-provinces under the new province ofLepanto-Bontoc through Act No. 410. Areas betweenAbra andCagayan not yet placed under the jurisdiction of any province annexed as part of the sub-province ofBontoc.[84]
  • June 12 – Spanish-era districts ofEl Principe andInfanta, including thePolillo Islands, annexed toTayabas through Act No. 417.[85]
  • June 17 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toSamar through Act No. 419.[86]
  • June 23:
  • July 1 – Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and its amendments extended toLa Laguna through Act No. 424.[89]
  • November 10:
1903
1905
  • April 1 –Abra annexed toIlocos Sur as sub-province through Act No. 1306 enacted on February 27, 1905.[95]
  • April 19 –Catanduanes established as sub-province ofAlbay through Act No. 1331.[96]
  • June 28 – Name of Paragua changed toPalawan through Act No. 1363.[97]
1906–1907
1908–1919
1920
1923–1939
  • March 27, 1923 –Leyte divided into Occidental Leyte and Oriental Leyte through Act No. 3117, but never proclaimed by the governor-general.[114]
  • November 28, 1930 – Division ofMisamis intoMisamis Occidental andMisamis Oriental implemented by virtue of Act No. 3777,[115] the law that amended Act No. 3537 (enacted on November 2, 1929), which first sought the division.[116]
  • June 8, 1940 – Provincial government ofRomblon abolished, municipal governments reorganized into four "special municipalities" through Commonwealth Act No. 581.[117]
1942
1945–1956
1959
1960–1969
1971–1998
  • October 4, 1971 – Maranaw province created fromLanao del Sur through Republic Act No. 6406, remained unorganized due to the disruption caused by the declaration ofMartial Law in the Philippines.
  • November 11, 1971 – Plebiscites approve the establishment ofQuirino andSiquijor as regular provinces by virtue of Republic Act No. 6394 (approved on September 10, 1971) and Republic Act No. 6398 (approved on September 17, 1971), separating them fromNueva Vizcaya andNegros Oriental, respectively.
  • June 17, 1972 – Name ofDavao del Norte changed to Davao through Republic Act No. 6430.
  • September 11, 1973 –Tawi-Tawi separated fromSulu through Presidential Decree No. 302.
  • November 22, 1973 –Cotabato divided intoMaguindanao,North Cotabato, andSultan Kudarat through Presidential Decree No. 341.
  • December 27, 1973 –Basilan province created through Presidential Decree No. 356 out of most of the territory of the City of Basilan, which itself was delimited to only the downtown area of what is nowIsabela City, then finally abolished by Presidential Decree No. 840 in 1975.
  • November 7, 1975 –Metro Manila established through Presidential Decree No. 824, composed of the four chartered cities ofManila,Caloocan,Pasay andQuezon City, and several municipalities ofRizal andBulacan, all of which effectively became independent from provincial supervision.
  • August 13, 1979 –Aurora proclaimed a regular province, separated fromQuezon through Batas Pambansa Blg. 7 enacted on November 21, 1978. Plebiscite held on May 20, 1979, approves provincehood.
  • March 7, 1984 – Name of North Cotabato province changed toCotabato through Batas Pambansa Blg. 660.[147]
  • January 3, 1986 – Plebiscite approves the separation ofNegros del Norte fromNegros Occidental by virtue of Batas Pambansa Blg. 885 enacted on December 3, 1985.
  • August 18, 1986 – BP No. 885 found unconstitutional by the Supreme Court,Negros del Norte reverts as part ofNegros Occidental.
  • May 11, 1992 – Plebiscites affirm the establishment ofBiliran andGuimaras as regular provinces, separating them fromLeyte andIloilo, respectively, by virtue of Section 462 of Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991) approved on October 10, 1991.
  • November 28, 1992 – Plebiscite approves the separation ofSarangani fromSouth Cotabato by virtue of Republic Act No. 7228 approved on March 16, 1992.
  • May 8, 1995 – Plebiscite approves the division ofKalinga-Apayao intoApayao andKalinga by virtue of Republic Act No. 7878 approved on February 14, 1995.
  • March 7, 1998 – Plebiscite approves the separation ofCompostela Valley fromDavao by virtue of Republic Act No. 8470 approved on January 30, 1998. Name of Davao changed back to Davao del Norte.
2001–present

Gallery

[edit]
  • 1880
    1880
  • 1899
    1899
  • 1907
    1907
  • 1918
    1918
  • 1935
    1935
  • 1942–1945
    1942–1945
  • 1986
    1986
  • 2013–2022
    2013–2022
  • 2022–
    2022–

Formally proposed/renamed provinces

[edit]

Proposed provinces with enacted law

[edit]
This section only lists the proposals that reached the stage where a legislation was enacted for the purpose of establishing a province or a sub-province but never achieved, or yet to achieve, corporate existence.
Map of the Philippines showing the proposed provinces
  • Occidental Leyte and Oriental Leyte (1923) – Leyte was divided into two new provinces byAct No. 3117 on March 27, 1923.[149] The division never took place, however, as no proclamation was issued by theGovernor-General.
    • The province ofOriental Leyte would have covered the present-day territories of the entire province of Biliran, the municipalities of Abuyog, Alangalang, Babatngon, Barugo, Burauen, Calubian, Capoocan, Carigara, Dagami, Dulag, Jaro, Javier, Julita, La Paz, Leyte, MacArthur, Mahaplag, Mayorga, Palo, Pastrana, San Isidro, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Tabango, Tabontabon, Tanauan, Tolosa, Tunga and Tacloban (which was designated as the provincial capital).
    • The province ofOccidental Leyte would have covered the present-day territories of the entire province of Southern Leyte, the municipalities of Albuera, Bato, Hilongos, Hindang, Inopacan, Isabel, Kananga, Matag-ob, Matalom, Mérida, Palompon, Villaba and the cities of Baybay and Ormoc. The province capital of Occidental Leyte "SEC. 2. ... shall be designated by the Governor-General, until determined by a plurality vote of the electors of the new province at the next general election."
  • Samal (1969) – The sub-province of Samal was created byRepublic Act No. 5999[150] and covered the area of the present-dayIsland Garden City of Samal. However, the sub-province was never inaugurated.
  • Maranaw (1971) – Republic Act No. 6406,[151] which sought to create a new province out of easternLanao del Sur (now corresponding to the province'sfirst congressional district), was approved on October 4, 1971. The province was to consist of the municipalities ofBubong,Ditsaan-Ramain (including what is nowBuadiposo-Buntong),Kapai,Lumba-Bayabao (including what is nowMaguing),Marantao,Masiu,Mulondo,Saguiaran,Piagapo,Poona Bayabao,Tamparan,Taraka andWao (including what is nowBumbaran), with the chartered city ofMarawi serving as the new province's capital. Lanao del Sur was to retain the remaining municipalities, withMalabang serving as its new capital. Section 4 of RA 6406 provided that "The new provinces as provided in this Act shall come into existence upon the election and qualification of their first elective provincial officials, who shall be elected in a special election simultaneously with the general elections of November, nineteen hundred and seventy-three." The division never took place due to thedeclaration ofmartial law in the Philippines on September 21, 1972, which disrupted the scheduled general elections for 1973 and paved the way for the adoption of a newConstitution and the establishment of theFourth Philippine Republic. A legacy of this unimplemented division is the existence of twoZIP code series for Lanao del Sur: the 93- series was retained by what were to be the remaining towns of the province (with Malabang, the new capital, being reassigned the code 9300), while a new series (97-) was assigned to what was supposed to be the province of Maranaw (with Marawi getting the new code 9700).

Rejected in a plebiscite

[edit]
  • Isabela del Norte and Isabela del Sur (1995) – On February 20, 1995,Republic Act No. 7891,[152] which sought to divide the province ofIsabela, was approved. Isabela del Norte was to comprise municipalities belonging to the province'sfirst andsecond congressional districts withIlagan serving as capital. Isabela del Sur was to consist of thethird andfourth congressional districts (excluding the independent component city ofSantiago), withCauayan as the capital. The proposed division was rejected in a plebiscite held on June 20, 1995.
  • Quezon del Norte and Quezon del Sur (2007) – The act dividing the province ofQuezon into two,Republic Act No. 9495,[153] lapsed into law withoutthe President's signature on September 7, 2007. Quezon del Norte (which would be renamed from Quezon) was to be composed of thefirst andsecond congressional districts of the province, withLucena as its capital. Quezon del Sur, with its capital atGumaca, would have been composed of thethird andfourth congressional districts. The COMELEC held theplebiscite on December 13, 2008, and the majority of the votes rejected the division. Notwithstanding the voters' rejection, all the representatives of Quezon's four legislative districts—Wilfrido Mark Enverga, Irvin Alcala,Danilo Suarez, andLorenzo Tañada III—reintroduced the measure as House Bill No. 3839 on December 8, 2010. They explained that “the wisdom, logic and bare facts behind what is driving this bill to be filed again in this Congress remain,” citing the persistence of poverty in far-flung coastal municipalities and small islands. Yet, the bill did not make it out of the committee level this time.[154][155]
  • Palawan del Norte,Palawan Oriental, andPalawan del Sur (2021) – On April 5, 2019, PresidentRodrigo Duterte signed Republic Act No. 11259 that proposed the division the province of Palawan, with the exception of the independent city ofPuerto Princesa, into three separate provinces. Aplebiscite was originally scheduled for the second Monday of May 2020[156] but was postponed to March 2021 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.[157] Palawan del Norte would have been composed ofTaytay and municipalities north of it. Palawan del Sur would have been composed of the municipalities west and south of Puerto Princesa, includingKalayaan (which administers the country's claims in theSpratly Islands), while the rest were proposed to form Palawan Oriental. The proposed provincial capitals would have beenTaytay (Palawan del Norte),Brooke's Point (Palawan del Sur), andRoxas (Palawan Oriental).[158] The COMELEC held the plebiscite on March 13, 2021, and the majority of the votes rejected the division.

Currently proposed provinces in the 19th Congress

[edit]
  • Kutawato orMoro Province (2024): Senate Bill No. 2875 ofRobin Padilla proposes the conversion of theSpecial Geographic Area of theBangsamoro autonomous region, which is currently under the jurisdiction of the provincial government ofSoccsksargen region'sCotabato province, into a separate province named 'Kutawato'.[159] The bill names as capital the municipality ofPahamuddin,[160] which was created by an act of theBangsamoro Parliament. Separately, Bangsamoro regional government has been planning to convert the SGA towns into a new province. TheMoro Islamic Liberation Front which leads the regional government is already informally referring to the SGA as 'Ligawasan Province'.[161] The regional government has alternatively proposed that the subdivision be named "Moro Province" to avoid confusion with Cotabato province.[162]
  • Western Leyte (2005, 2010, 2024, 2025): During the 13th and the 15th Congress,Leyte 5th District Rep. Carmen L. Cari and her son and successor Rep. Jose Carlos L. Cari introduced bills seeking to carve the new province of Western Leyte out of the province ofLeyte. The Caris' constituency consisted of theCity of Baybay and the eight southernmost municipalities of the province. The bills died in the committee level.[163][164] Previously, during the 9th Congress,Leyte 4th District Rep. Carmelo J. Locsin filed House Bill No. 6388 also to create the province of Western Leyte; his district consists of the City ofOrmoc and the surrounding western municipalities ofAlbuera,Isabel,Kananga,Matag-ob,Merida, andPalompon.[165] During the 19th congress, Leyte 4th District Rep.Richard Gomez revived the idea through House Bill 11077, seeking to establish Western Leyte as a new province. The proposed province would consist of Cebuano-speaking areas, including Ormoc City as its capital, Baybay City, and the municipalities of Leyte, Calubian, San Isidro, Tabango, Villaba, Albuera, Isabel, Kananga, Matag-ob, Merida, Palompon, Bato, Hilongos, Hindang, Inopacan, and Matalom. This would divide Leyte’s third and fourth congressional districts, covering approximately 3,000 square kilometers with a population nearing 1 million. Gomez cited the geographic division caused by the Leyte Central Highland Range and Mt. Pangasugan, which hinders access to essential services concentrated in Tacloban City on the eastern side of the island. He maintained that creating Western Leyte would address these logistical challenges and improve service delivery for the population on the western side.[166][167][168]
  • Surigao Oriental (1992, 2015, 2022, 2025): House Bill No. 2336 seeks to carve a province out of the six southernmost local government units ofSurigao del Sur province. TheCity of Bislig and the municipalities ofBarobo,Hinatuan,Lingig, andTagbina all comprise the district of the bill's author, Surigao del Sur2nd District RepresentativeJohnny T. Pimentel; the bill also seeks to transferLianga, currently part of the First District, to the proposed province. Bislig would be the designated capital. The bill is pending with the Committee on Local Government since August 2, 2022.[169] A previous attempt to create the province of Surigao del Oriente, which would have covered the 2nd District municipalities but would have excluded Lianga, died in the committee level during the 16th Congress.[170][171] The proposal to create a province called Surigao Oriental was raised as early as 1992 by then-2nd District Representative Ernesto T. Estrella.[172]
  • Zamboanga Occidental (2002, 2007, 2010, 2017, 2023, 2025) – On September 25, 2023,Zamboanga del Norte 3rd District Representative Adrian Michael A. Amatong filed House Bill No. 9311 seeking to create a new province out of his constituency. The proposed province would consist of the 12 westernmost municipalities of Zamboanga del Norte—Liloy as the proposed capital, together withBaliguian,Godod,Gutalac,Kalawit,Leon B. Postigo,Salug,Sibuco,Siocon,Sirawai, andTampilisan.[173] Previous attempts to turn the district into the province of Zamboanga Occidental, the province of Liloy, or the province of Zamboanga Hermosa—which began with the efforts of then-2nd District Representative Ernesto T. Estrella as early as 1992—failed to hurdle the 12th, the 14th, the 15th, the 17th and the 19th Congress and later it passed in the 20th congress.[174][175][176][177][178][179]

Other proposed provinces

[edit]

Proposed renaming

[edit]
  • Southern Leyte toLeyte del Sur (2007)  – Southern Leyte Lone District Rep. Roger Mercado introduced bills to rename the province ofSouthern Leyte to Leyte del Sur, citing a desire to “enhance the identity of [the province] as geographically a part of theLeyte Island with a distinct personality of its own” and to have the province alphabetically listed closer to the neighboring province ofLeyte, from which it was separated in 1959.[203] Mercado first filed the bill in 2007,[204] and this attempt gained traction during the 14th Congress, as House Bill No. 6650 was passed by the House of Representatives on September 8, 2009, with 170 votes in its favor and none against it. The Senate, however, did not act on the measure.[205] Mercado's second attempt in 2017 did not prosper, as House Bill No. 1602 died in the committee level during the 17th Congress.[206]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^If the populations of the independent cities ofCebu,Lapu-Lapu, andMandaue are included, the province ofCebu is considered the most populous in the country, with a total of 5,151,274 people; excluding them, its population is 3,325,385.
  2. ^abcProvisions of this order only apply for the duration of the Japanese occupation; revoked after the restoration of the Commonwealth in 1945.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"About the League of Provinces".League of Provinces of the Philippines. Archived fromthe original on March 5, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 12, 2008.
  2. ^abcd"R.A. 7160".lawphil.net. Archived fromthe original on May 3, 2016.
  3. ^Teves, Margarito B. (July 29, 2008)."Department Order No. 23-08 Prescribing the New Income Brackets for the Re-classification of Provinces, Cities and Municipalities and Amending for the Purpose Department of Finance Order No. 20-05, dated July 29, 2005"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 4, 2016. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2014.
  4. ^"ISO 3166-2 Newsletter: Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements"(PDF).ISO (International Organization for Standardization). June 30, 2010. pp. 56–58. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 9, 2011. RetrievedJanuary 19, 2015.
  5. ^"2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) Population Counts Declared Official by the President".2020 Census of Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. May 19, 2016. Archived fromthe original on July 7, 2021. RetrievedJuly 18, 2022.
  6. ^"List of Provinces".PSGC Interactive. Makati, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived fromthe original on April 19, 2016. RetrievedMay 14, 2014.
  7. ^Republic Act 8811(PDF). August 16, 2000. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 3, 2016.
  8. ^"Agusan del Sur..."OoCities.org. Archived fromthe original on March 1, 2016. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2016.
  9. ^"Proclamation No. 290, s. 1956".GOVPH. Archived fromthe original on March 31, 2023. RetrievedFebruary 22, 2016.
  10. ^"Albay celebrates 439th Foundation Day". balita-dot-ph. Archived fromthe original on December 22, 2015. RetrievedOctober 14, 2015.
  11. ^"Apayao gov't center established in Luna".Philippine Information Agency.[dead link]
  12. ^"Basilan starts construction of new provincial gov't center". Archived fromthe original on August 11, 2017. RetrievedMay 14, 2017.
  13. ^Bangsamoro Development Plan:Environment and Natural Resources
  14. ^"The Batanes Islands". National Commission on Culture and the Arts. Archived fromthe original on March 4, 2016. RetrievedOctober 14, 2015.
  15. ^"No work on Monday, July 23, in observance of Bohol Day". The Bohol Standard. Archived fromthe original on December 22, 2015. RetrievedDecember 18, 2015.
  16. ^"Festivals". Official Website of the Provincial Government of Cagayan. Archived fromthe original on January 31, 2016. RetrievedDecember 18, 2015.
  17. ^"Camarines Norte holds Bantayog fest".Philippine Daily Inquirer (in Filipino). Archived fromthe original on March 2, 2016. RetrievedDecember 31, 2015.
  18. ^Abad, Danilo."Kaogma 2015 isasagawa sa Camarines Sur".Philippine Information Agency. RetrievedDecember 31, 2015.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^The provincial government of Cavite makes it clear thatImus is the provincial capital, while the seat of the provincial government isTrece Martires.Official Website of the Province of Cavite – Quick FactsArchived October 7, 2011, at theWayback MachineImus is capital of Cavite — MaliksiArchived September 4, 2012, atarchive.today
  20. ^Census of the Philippine Islands (1920)."Census of the Philippine Islands Vol. I, 1918", pg. 132. Bureau of Printing, Manila.
  21. ^abcdefgBecause the provincial government holds office within anindependent city, in effect the province maintains the seat of its government outside its jurisdiction.
  22. ^Unson, John."North Cotabato set for Kalivungan fest, 101st anniversary".The Philippine Star. Archived fromthe original on November 30, 2015. RetrievedOctober 14, 2015.
  23. ^Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Department of Agriculture:Lanao del SurArchived January 19, 2015, at theWayback Machine (The value given at NSCB is unreasonable and must be assumed as erroneous, seeTalk:Lanao del Sur#Area.)
  24. ^"President Aquino declares March 18 as special non-working day in Masbate in commemoration of 112th Foundation Day". Presidential Communications Operations Office. Archived fromthe original on August 6, 2013. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2016.
  25. ^"History of Negros Occidental". Official Website of the Provincial Government of Negros Occidental. Archived fromthe original on October 20, 2018. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2019.
  26. ^"History of Negros Oriental". Official Website of the Provincial Government of Negros Oriental. Archived fromthe original on February 15, 2017.
  27. ^"N. Ecija founding date April 25, not Sept. 2".Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived fromthe original on May 30, 2016. RetrievedJune 17, 2016.
  28. ^Babiera, Lester G. (July 14, 2014)."Nueva Vizcaya mounts Ammungan fest, celebrates diversity".Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived fromthe original on March 3, 2016. RetrievedOctober 7, 2015.
  29. ^"Speech of President Aquino during his visit to Occidental Mindoro, November 15, 2012".GOVPH. Archived fromthe original on March 23, 2023. RetrievedMarch 3, 2016.
  30. ^Ramirez, Cesar (March 27, 2011)."April 5 a special non-working holiday in Pangasinan".The Philippine Star. Archived fromthe original on March 3, 2016. RetrievedOctober 7, 2015.
  31. ^"Census of the Philippine Islands: Taken under the direction of the Philippine Legislature in the year 1918". April 13, 2024.
  32. ^"History of Romblon". United Romblon Ministerial Fellowship. February 20, 2014. Archived fromthe original on March 5, 2016. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2016.
  33. ^Province of Sulu:Brief ProfileArchived February 26, 2011, at theWayback Machine (There seems to be major discrepancies among authoritative sources: 343,699 ha (NSCB 2007), 175,460 ha (NSCB 2000), 167,377 ha (NAMRIA))
  34. ^"History of Tarlac". Province of Tarlac. Archived fromthe original on December 22, 2015. RetrievedOctober 7, 2015.
  35. ^"Proclamation No. 109, s. 1998".Official Gazette. Archived fromthe original on May 24, 2022. RetrievedOctober 7, 2015.
  36. ^TheNational Statistical Coordination BoardArchived November 18, 2008, at theWayback Machine recognizes bothBongao andPanglima Sugala as capitals of the province. However, the provincial capitol is located inBongao, thede facto seat of government.
  37. ^Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Department of Agriculture:Tawi-TawiArchived September 6, 2012, at theWayback Machine (There seems to be major discrepancies among authoritative sources: 362,655 ha (NSCB 2007), 120,876 ha (NAMRIA), 1,197 km² (Department of Tourism), 999 km² (Mapcentral))
  38. ^Republic Act No. 8811Archived March 3, 2016, at theWayback Machine, Republic Act No. 8811.
  39. ^Diaz, Ronald Echalas."PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES AND CODES – CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY".www.chanrobles.com. Archived fromthe original on January 9, 2009. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2008.
  40. ^"G.R. No. 73155".lawphil.net. Archived fromthe original on September 21, 2021. RetrievedOctober 2, 2021.
  41. ^Republic Act No. 9054Archived July 8, 2011, at theWayback Machine, Chan-Robles Law Library.
  42. ^G.R. No. 177597 – Sema v. COMELEC and DilangalenArchived March 7, 2019, at theWayback Machine, Supreme Court of the Philippines.
  43. ^"Republic Act No. 11550".lawphil.net. Archived fromthe original on September 20, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 18, 2022.
  44. ^"Act No. 49 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Benguet".Supreme Court E-Library.Philippine Commission. November 23, 1900.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  45. ^"Act No. 83 – A General Act for the Organization of Provincial Governments in the Philippine Islands".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 6, 1901.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  46. ^"Act No. 85 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Pampanga".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 13, 1901.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  47. ^"Act No. 86 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Pangasinan".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 16, 1901.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  48. ^"Act No. 87 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Tarlac".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 18, 1901.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  49. ^"Act No. 88 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Bulacan".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 27, 1901.Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  50. ^"Act No. 92 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Bataan".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. March 2, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  51. ^"Act No. 103 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Tayabas".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. March 12, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  52. ^"Act No. 104 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Romblon, As Therein Defined".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. March 16, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  53. ^"Act No. 105 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Masbate".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. March 18, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  54. ^"Act No. 113 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Iloilo".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 11, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  55. ^"Act No. 114 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Antique".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 13, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  56. ^"Act No. 115 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Capiz".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 15, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  57. ^"Act No. 116 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act to the Province of Cebu, and Incorporating the Pueblo of San Nicolas in the Municipality of Cebu".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 18, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  58. ^"Act No. 117 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Bohol".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 20, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  59. ^"Act No. 121 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Leyte".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 22, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  60. ^"Act No. 122 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Albay".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 26, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  61. ^"Act No. 123 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Ambos Camarines".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 27, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  62. ^"Act No. 124 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Sorsogon".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 27, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  63. ^"Act No. 119 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and the Municipal Code to the Province of Occidental Negros".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 20, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  64. ^"Act No. 120 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and the Municipal Code to the Province of Oriental Negros".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 20, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  65. ^"Act No. 125 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Marinduque".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 1, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  66. ^"Act No. 126 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Batangas".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 2, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  67. ^"Act No. 127 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Surigao".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 15, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  68. ^"Act No. 128 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Misamis".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 15, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  69. ^"Act No. 137 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Rizal".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 11, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  70. ^"Act No. 138 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Cavite".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 11, 1901.Archived from the original on June 13, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  71. ^"Act No. 139 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Civil Government for the Province of Nueva Ecija".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 11, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  72. ^"Act No. 169 – An Act Annexing the Island of Catanduanes to the Province of Albay".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 16, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  73. ^"Act No. 173 – An Act Restoring the Provinces of Batangas, Cebu, and Bohol to the Executive Control of the Military Governor".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 17, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  74. ^"Act No. 203 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of La Union".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 15, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  75. ^"Act No. 205 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Ilocos Sur".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 16, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  76. ^"Act No. 206 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Abra".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 19, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  77. ^"Act No. 207 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Ilocos Norte".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 20, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  78. ^"Act No. 209 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Cagayan".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 22, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  79. ^"Act No. 210 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Isabela".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 24, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  80. ^"Act No. 211 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of Zambales".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 28, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  81. ^"Act No. 322 – An Act Repealing So Much of Act Numbered One Hundred and Seventy-three as Applies to the Province of Cebu, and Restoring That Province to the Executive Control of the Civil Governor".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. December 20, 1901.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  82. ^"Act No. 337 – An Act Providing for the Organization of a Provincial Government in the Province of Nueva Viscaya [sic]".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. January 28, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  83. ^"Act No. 365 – An Act Repealing So Much of Act Numbered One Hundred and Seventy-three as Applies to the Province of Bohol, and Restoring That Province to the Executive Control of the Civil Governor".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. March 3, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  84. ^"Act No. 410 – An Act Providing for the Organization of a Provincial Government in the Territory Comprised in the Comandancias of Lepanto, Bontoc, and Amburayan, and the Territory Lying Between Abra, Cagayan, and Bontoc Not Included Within the Limits of Any Province, and Providing for Justices of the Peace in This Territory and in the Province of Nueva Vizcaya".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 28, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  85. ^"Act No. 417 – An Act Annexing the Districts of Infanta and Principe and the Island of Polillo to the Province of Tayabas".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 12, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  86. ^"Act No. 419 – An Act Providing for the Organization of a Provincial Government in the Province of Samar".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 17, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  87. ^"Act No. 422 – An Act Providing for the Organization of a Provincial Government in the Province of Paragua, and Defining the Limits of That Province".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 23, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  88. ^"Act No. 423 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Island of Mindoro and Incorporating That Island with the Province of Marinduque".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 23, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  89. ^"Act No. 424 – An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Province of La Laguna".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 1, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  90. ^"Act No. 499 – An Act Annexing the Province of Marinduque to the Province of Tayabas, Amending Act Numbered One Hundred and Three, Entitled "An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act to the Province of Tayabas," and Repealing Act Numbered One Hundred and Twenty-five and All Amendments Thereto".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. November 10, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  91. ^"Act No. 500 – An Act Providing for the Organization of a Provincial Government in the Island of Mindoro, Defining the Limits of That Province, and Repealing Act Numbered Four Hundred and Twenty-three, Entitled "An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act and Its Amendments to the Island of Mindoro and Incorporating That Island with the Province of Marinduque"".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. November 10, 1902.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  92. ^"Act No. 747 – An Act to Amend Act Numbered Pour Hundred and Twenty-two, as Amended, by Defining New Limits for the Province of Paragua, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 14, 1903.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  93. ^"Act No. 768 – An Act Fixing the Boundary Line Between the Subprovinces of Amburayan and Lepanto and the Province of Benguet, and Adding the Territory Comprised in the Former Comandancia of Kayapa to the Latter Province".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 26, 1903.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  94. ^"Act No. 787 – An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of the Moro Province".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 1, 1903.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  95. ^"Act No. 1306 – An Act Annexing the Province of Abra to the Province of Ilocos Sur, Making Appropriation for the Payment of Certain Outstanding Liabilities of the Province of Abra and Providing for the Establishment of Civil Governments in the Settlements of Non-Christian Tribes in the Province of Ilocos Sur".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. February 28, 1905.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  96. ^"Act No. 1331 – An Act to Amend Act Numbered One Hundred and Sixty-nine, Entitled "An Act Annexing the Island of Catanduanes to the Province of Albay," so as to Create the Subprovince of Catanduanes of the Province of Albay".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. April 19, 1905.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  97. ^"Act No. 1363 – An Act Changing the Name of the Province and Island of Paragua to That of Palawan".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 28, 1905.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  98. ^"Act No. 1413 – An Act Annexing the Province of Masbate to the Province of Sorsogon, and Amending Act Numbered Seventy-four, as Amended by Making the Provinces of Albay and Sorsogon Separate School Divisions, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. November 23, 1905.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  99. ^"Act No. 1642 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of Two Subprovinoes to Be Known as the Subprovince of Kalinga and the Subprovince of Apayao".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 9, 1907.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  100. ^"Act No. 1665 – An Act to Annex the Province of Romblon to the Province of Capiz".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 2, 1907.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  101. ^"Act No. 1649 – An Act Declaring All of the Territory Comprised in the Island of Marinduque a Subprovince of Tayabas, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. May 17, 1907.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  102. ^"Act No. 1693 – An Act Creating the Province of Agusan and the Sub-provinces of Butuan, Bukidnon and Batanes, Empowering the Provincial Board of Cagayan to Apply the Provisions of "the Township Government Act" to the Municipalities and Settlements of the Babuyanes Islands, and Providing That the Salaries of the Lieutenant-Governor of the Sub-province of Apayao and of Any Duly Authorized Employees of Said Sub-province Shall Be Payable From Insular Funds".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 20, 1907.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  103. ^"Act No. 1753 – An Act Declaring All of the Territory Comprised in the Island of Siquijor a Subprovince of Oriental Negros, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. October 8, 1907.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  104. ^"Act No. 1876 – An Act Providing for the Establishment of a Province to Be Known as the Mountain Province, for the Establishment of a Prison at Bontoc for Non-Christian Criminals, Changing the Boundaries of the Province of Nueva Vizcaya, Amending Act Numbered Eight Hundred and Sixty-seven, as Amended, by Changing the Boundaries of the Mountain Judicial District and the Times and Places of Holding Courts of First Instance in the Said District, Providing for Participation by the Mountain Province in the Distribution of Internal-revenue Collections, and Repealing All Acts or Parts of Acts Inconsistent with This Act".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. August 18, 1908.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  105. ^"Act No. 1952 – An Act to Provide for the Establishment of the Province of Batanes; to Amend Paragraph Seven of Section Sixty-eight of Act Numbered Eleven Hundred and Eighty-nine in Certain Particulars; to Authorize the Provincial Board of the Province of Batanes, with the Approval of the Governor-General, to Extend the Time for the Payment Without Penalty of Taxes and Licenses; to Amend Section Five of Act Numbered Fifteen Hundred and Eighty-two, Entitled "the Election Law," by Increasing the Number of Delegates to the Philippine Assembly to Eighty-one, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library.Philippine Legislature. May 20, 1909.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  106. ^"Act No. 2309 – An Act Changing the Name of the Moro Province to the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, Placing the Province of Agusan Under the Jurisdiction and Control of the Governor of the Said Department, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. December 20, 1913.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  107. ^"Act No. 2408 – An Act Providing a Temporary Form of Government for the Territory Known as the Department of Mindanao and Sulu, Making Applicable Thereto, with Certain Exceptions, the Provisions of General Laws Now in Force in the Philippine Islands, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. July 23, 1914.Archived from the original on June 13, 2024. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  108. ^"Act No. 2683 – An Act to Authorize the Segregation of the Subprovince of Abra From the Province of Ilocos Sur and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Abra, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. March 9, 1917.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  109. ^"Act No. 2724 – An Act Authorizing the Separation of the Subprovince of Romblon From the Province of Capiz and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Romblon, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. December 7, 1917.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  110. ^"Act No. 2809 – An Act to Authorize the Segregation of Camarines Norte From the Province of Ambos Camarines and Re-establishment of the Former Province of Camarines Norte, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. March 3, 1919.Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 18, 2022.
  111. ^ab"Act No. 2877 – An Act to Modify and Establish the Boundary Line Between the Mountain Province and the Provinces of Ilocos Sur and La Union".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. February 4, 1920.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  112. ^"Act No. 2880 – An Act Authorizing the Separation of the Subprovince of Marindnaque [sic] From the Province of Tayabas and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Marinduque, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. January 21, 1920.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  113. ^"Act No. 2934 – An Act Authorizing the Separation of the Subprovinee [sic] of Masbate From the Province of Sorsogon and the Reestablishment of the Former Province of Masbate, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. December 15, 1920.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  114. ^"Act No. 3117 – An Act to Provide for the Division of the Province of Leyte into Two Provinces Independent From Each Other, Fix the Boundaries of Each, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. March 27, 1923.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  115. ^"Act No. 3777 – An Act to Amend the Second Paragraph of Section One of Act Numbered Thirty-five Hundred and Thirty-seven, Entitled "An Act to Create the Provinces of Oriental Misamis and Occidental Misamis, etc."".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. November 28, 1930.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  116. ^"Act No. 3537 – An Act to Create the Provinces of Oriental Misamis and Occidental Misamis; Establish the Boundaries Thereof; Assign One Representative to Each Province; and Repeal Act Numbered Thirty-three Hundred and Fifty-four, and for Other Purposes".Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Legislature. November 2, 1929.Archived from the original on April 17, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  117. ^"Commonwealth Act No. 581 – An Act Abolishing the Existing Municipal Governments and the Provincial Government of Romblon, and Cheating Instead Four Special Municipalities".Supreme Court E-Library.National Assembly of the Philippines. June 8, 1940.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  118. ^"Executive Order No. 400 – Creating the City of Greater Manila".Supreme Court E-Library.President of the Philippines. January 1, 1942.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  119. ^abc"Official Gazette".Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.1. Manila, Philippines:Philippine Executive Commission:428–430,447–448, and753. 1942.ISSN 0115-0421. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  120. ^SEC. 2.Subprovinces abolished.—The subprovinces and their governments are hereby abolished and their territories annexed to the provinces to which they belong."[119]
  121. ^"Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me as Head of the Central Administrative Organization by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that—
    1. The Province of Batanes is abolished and the comprising the same as well as the territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province Cagayan.
    2. The municipalities of Baler and Casiguran, Province of Tayabas, and the territories thereof are segregated from said province and shall be annexed to the Province of Nueva Ecija.
    3. The municipality of Infanta, Province of Tayabas, and the territory thereof are segregated from province and shall be annexed to the Province of Laguna.
    4. The Province of Marinduque is abolished and municipalities comprising the same as well as territory thereof shall be annexed to the Province of Tayabas.
    5. The Province of Romblon is abolished and the municipalities comprising the same as well the territory thereof shall be annexed to the of Capiz."[119]
  122. ^"Pursuant to the authority conferred upon me by Order No. 1 in connection with Order No. 3 of the Commander in Chief of the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines and upon the recommendation of the Executive Commission it is hereby ordered that—
    1. The Polillo islands are segregated from the Province of Tayabas and shall be annexed to the Province of Laguna."[119]
  123. ^"Executive Order No. 58 – Reducing the Territory of the City of Greater Manila".Supreme Court E-Library.President of the Philippines. July 26, 1945.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  124. ^"Commonwealth Act No. 687 – An Act Authorizing the Separation of the Subprovince of Catanduanes From the Province of Albay and Its Establishment as an Independent Province".Supreme Court E-Library.Congress of the Philippines. September 26, 1945.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  125. ^"Republic Act No. 14 – An Act to Change the Name of the Province of Tayabas to Quezon".Supreme Court E-Library. Congress of the Philippines. September 7, 1946.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  126. ^"Republic Act No. 38 – An Act Repealing Commonwealth Act Numbered Five Hundred and Eighty-one, Entitled "An Act Abolishing the Existing Municipal Governments and the Provincial Government of Romblon, and Creating Instead Four Special Municipalities," Restoring the Regular Provincial Government and Municipalities of the Province of Romblon, and Creating the Municipality of Santa Fe".Supreme Court E-Library. Congress of the Philippines. October 1, 1946.Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. RetrievedFebruary 21, 2022.
  127. ^"Republic Act No. 505 – An Act to Create the Provinces of Oriental Mindoro and Occidental Mindoro".Supreme Court E-Library. Congress of the Philippines. June 13, 1950.Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. RetrievedMarch 22, 2022.
  128. ^"Republic Act No. 648 – An Act Creating the Subprovince of Aurora, Which Shall Comprise the Municipalities of Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao and Maria Aurora, Province of Quezon".Supreme Court E-Library. Congress of the Philippines. June 14, 1951.Archived from the original on March 22, 2022. RetrievedMarch 22, 2022.
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