The present-day province of Zamora was one of three provinces formed from the formerKingdom of León in 1833, whenSpain was reorganized into 49 provinces.[3] Of the 166,253 people in the province, nearly a third live in the capital,Zamora. The province has 248 municipalities.[2]
A megalithic culture developed in this region of Spain, particularly aroundAliste, and there are many remaining signs of the presence of various cultures over the years. Salt mining took place atVillafáfila, stone forts were built on fertile plains and near rivers, and others were built in the vicinity of mines wherevariscite andiron ore were extracted. Rock paintings have been discovered and artefacts found include everyday pottery, tools, and gold and silver jewellery. In theIron Age, Celtic tribes built forts surrounded by moats but they were pastoral people, living in small villages, and did not build cities. They leftstanding stones anddolmens.[4]
The Romans first came to Spain in 218 BC, and over the next three centuries there were various conflicts as the Romans advanced into Celtic lands. The Romans built roads across the territory and in 1978 the Roman town of Requejo inSanta Cristina de la Polvorosa was revealed after erosion occurred following flooding of the area by the RiverÓrbigo. In 197 BC, Spain was divided into two provinces,Hispania Citerior andHispania Ulterior, controlled by two separate Roman military forces. Zamora was in the latter region. Peace reigned until 155 BC when the Lusitanians attacked Hispania Ulterior. Two Roman defeats followed, and many other rebellions were sparked in the peninsula.[5] The Romans eventually prevailed, and in 27 BC, subdivided the province of Hispania Ulterior intoHispania Baetica (modern-day Andalusia) andLusitania, which included Zamora. When theVandals invaded the province in the 5th century AD, the Roman EmperorHonorius sent his brother-in-law, theVisigoths' king, to defeat the Vandals. The Visigoths seized control of most of Hispania and madeToledo the capital, while theSuevi occupied the northwestern part of the Peninsula and made their capital cityBracara. By 585 the Suevi had been conquered by the Visigoths who then controlled the whole peninsula.[6]
The Sanabria LakeToro old cityPuebla de SanabriaRiver Duero and old city of Zamora
The Province of Zamora is in northwestern Spain where it borders on Portugal, which lies to the southwest. To the west lies theprovince of Ourense, to the north liesLeón, to the east liesValladolid, and to the south liesSalamanca. TheRiver Esla rises in theCantabrian Mountains in the north and flows southwards through the province before joining theRiver Douro (Spanish: el Duero) which then forms part of the boundary with Portugal.[7] The Esla is the largest tributary of the Duero and where they join, discharges a greater quantity of water than that discharged by the Duero. The capital of the province isZamora which is situated in the south of the province on the banks of the Duero.[8]
The province has a total area of 10,620 square kilometres (4,100 sq mi). Its economy is largely agricultural and it has a tradition of sheep rearing, producing a large proportion of Spain'smerino wool.[9]
The province's population is currently the most declining of all Spanish provinces.[11]
As of 2024, the foreign-born population is 12,238, equal to 7.4% of the total population. The 5 largest foreign nationalities arePortuguese (1,310),Colombians (1,182),Moroccans (1,133),Bulgarians (828) andVenezuelans (796).[2]
Zamora has many fine historic churches and buildings. These include a twelfth century Romanesque cathedral, many other churches, city walls, ancient houses and a castle. Pottery, textiles and wine are manufactured here.[9]
70 km (43 mi) further north liesBenavente. It is famous for its Santa María church and the Castle of La Mota (now the Parador of Benavente). TheParador was the home ofFerdinand II of León who died here while returning from a pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. The Parador occupies the Caracol Tower, a sixteenth-century castle, part of the former walled enclosure of the town.[12]
The ancient town ofToro lies beside the Duero 39 km (24 mi) to the east of Zamora.Ferdinand III of Castile was crowned King of León in the town in 1230 and his wifeElisabeth of Swabia (Beatriz) died here. Notable features include the façade of the 'Palacio de las Leyes' and also theSanta María la Mayor collegiate church (known in Spanish asLa Colegiata). Legend has it that the wines of Toro were the first to reach America, being taken there byChristopher Columbus.[13]
The region ofSanabria (or Senabria) is in the northwest of the province near theSanabria Lake, one of the few large natural lakes in Spain, on the border with Galicia. It has been declared a Historic and Artistic centre. The lake is now part of Sanabria Lake Natural Park, having been declared a Natural Park in 1978.[14]
Fermoselle is a medieval village located on the border withPortugal and on the edge of theArribes del Duero Natural Park.Arribes is the name for the gorges through which the Duero and other rivers in this region flow. The steep slopes have long been terraced for the production of grapes, olives and other fruit.[15]
Near the municipality ofVillafáfila are lagoons that now form part of a nature reserve. They were formed by the historic mining of salt which started in the copper age and Bronze Age. Pottery items found here are similar to artefacts found in Mesopotamia, Turkey, Bosnia, Romania and Poland.[16] The lagoons are home to numerous species of birds, and this is the second largest wetland reserve in Spain afterDoñana National Park.
.jpg)
