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Province of South Carolina

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Coordinates:34°N81°W / 34°N 81°W /34; -81

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

British province in North America (1712–1776)

This article is about the British province that existed from 1712 to 1776. For the U.S. state, seeSouth Carolina.

Province of South Carolina

Province ofGreat Britain

1712–1776

British Red Ensign

Royal coat of arms
(1714–1776)

Location of South Carolina in North America

Anthem

"God Save the King"^[a]

Capital

Charlestown

Area

• Coordinates

34°N81°W / 34°N 81°W /34; -81

Government

• Type

Proprietary colony
(1712–1729)
Crown colony
(1729–1776)

• 1712–1714

• 1714–1727

• 1727–1760

• 1760–1776

• 1712

Robert Gibbes (first)

• 1775–1776

Lord William Campbell (last)

Legislature

General Assembly

• Upper house

Council

• Lower house

Assembly

Historical era

Georgian era

• Partition ofCarolina

24 January 1712

• Charter ofGeorgia

9 June 1732

• Declaration of Independence from Great Britain

4 July 1776

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Province of Carolina

South Carolina

Today part of

United States

Alabama
Mississippi
South Carolina
Tennessee
North Carolina
Georgia

TheProvince of South Carolina, originally known asClarendon Province, was aprovince of theKingdom of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the fiveSouthern colonies and one of theThirteen Colonies in America of theBritish Empire. Themonarch of Great Britain was represented by theGovernor of South Carolina, until thecolonies declared independence onJuly 4, 1776.

Etymology

[edit]

Carolina is taken from the nameCarolus, theLatin version ofCharles, honoring KingCharles I, and was first named in the 1663 Royal Charter granting toEdward, Earl of Clarendon;George, Duke of Albemarle;William, Lord Craven;John, Lord Berkeley;Anthony, Lord Ashley;Sir George Carteret,Sir William Berkeley, andSir John Colleton the right to settle lands in the present-dayU.S. states of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida.^[2]^[3]

History

[edit]

Main article:Colonial period of South Carolina

TheProvince of Carolina before and after the split intonorth and south

Charles Town was the first settlement, established in 1670.^[4]^[5] KingCharles II had given the land to a group of eight nobles called thelords proprietor; they planned for aChristian colony. Originally a singleproprietary colony, the northern and southern sections grew apart over time, due partly to neglect by thelegal heirs of the original lords proprietor. Dissent over the governance of the province led to the appointment of adeputy governor to administer the northern half of theProvince of Carolina in 1691. The partition of the province intoNorth and South Carolina became complete in 1712.^[6]

TheYamasee War (1715–1717) ravaged the back-country of the province. Complaints that the proprietors had not done enough to protect the provincials against either theIndians or theneighboring Spanish, duringQueen Anne's War (1702–1713), convinced many residents of the necessity of ending proprietary rule.A rebellion broke out against the proprietors in 1719. Acting on a petition of residents, KingGeorge I appointed the governor of South Carolina later in that year (the governors of North Carolina would continue to be appointed by the lords proprietor until 1729). After nearly a decade in which the British monarchy sought to locate and buy out the lords, both North and South Carolina becameroyal colonies in 1729.

Government

[edit]

The Court of King's Bench and Common Pleas was founded c.1725, based inCharles Towne. List of Chief Justices:^[7]

Incumbent	Tenure		Notes
Incumbent	Took office	Left office	Notes
Edmund Bohun	1698	1699	died in office of fever
Nicholas Trott	c.1702	1718	dismissed from office after uprising
Richard Alleyn	1719		not sure
Robert Wright	1730	1739	died in office
Thomas Dale	17 Oct 1739	November 1739	not sure
Benjamin Whitaker	7 Nov 1739	1749	removed from office due to paralysis
James Graeme	6 Jul 1749	29 August 1752^[8]	died in office^[9]
Charles Pinckney	1752	1753
Peter Leigh	1753
James Michie	1 Sep 1759	16 July 1760	died in office, London, England
William Simpson	24 Jan 1761
Charles Skinner	1762
Thomas Knox Gordon	13 May 1771
William Henry Drayton	13 Apr 1776
John Rutledge	16 Feb 1791	1795	resigned and afterwards Chief Justice of the United States
after 1791 no further Chief Justices were appointed.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1720	17,048	—
1730	30,000	+76.0%
1740	45,000	+50.0%
1750	64,000	+42.2%
1760	94,074	+47.0%
1769	125,000	+32.9%
1770	124,244	−0.6%
1775	150,000	+20.7%
Source: 1720–1760;^[10] 1769–1775^[11] 1770–1775^[12]

Notes

[edit]

^There was no authorized version of the national anthem as the words were a matter of tradition; only the first verse was usually sung.^[1] No statute had been enacted designating "God Save the King" as the official anthem. In the English tradition, such laws are not necessary;proclamation and usage are sufficient to make it the national anthem. "God Save the King" also served as theRoyal anthem for certainroyal colonies. The wordsKing, he, him, his were replaced byQueen, she, her when the monarch was female.

References

[edit]

^Berry, Ciara (January 15, 2016)."National Anthem".The Royal Family.Archived from the original on September 2, 2014. RetrievedJune 4, 2016.
^"North Carolina State Library—North Carolina History". Statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us. Archived fromthe original on February 5, 2009. RetrievedJuly 24, 2011.
^Poore, Ben. Perley, ed. (1877).The Federal and State Constitutions, Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the United States, Volume II. Washington:Government Printing Office. pp. 1382–1390.OCLC 958743486 – viaInternet Archive.
^McCrady, Edward (1897).The History of South Carolina Under the Proprietary Government, 1670-1719. Macmillan. p. 145.ISBN 9780722245941.Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. RetrievedApril 9, 2022.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^Gallay, Alan (2008).The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. Yale University Press. pp. 40–42.ISBN 978-0-300-13321-9.Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. RetrievedApril 9, 2022.
^D.J. McCord (1839).The Statutes at Large of South Carolina. Vol. 6. A.S. Johnston. p. 616.ISBN 978-5-87571-708-6.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^The Statutes at Large of South Carolina. Vol. 1. A.S. Johnston. 1836. p. 439.
^Salley, Alexander Samuel; Webber, Mabel L. (March 21, 2012).Death Notices in the South-Carolina Gazette 1732-1775/Death Notices in the South Carolina Gazette, 1766-1774. Genealogical Publishing Com.ISBN 978-0-8063-4656-4.Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
^Anderson, Dorothy Middleton; Eastman, Margaret Middleton Rivers (May 4, 2015).St. Philip's Church of Charleston: An Early History of the Oldest Parish in South Carolina. Arcadia Publishing.ISBN 978-1-62585-407-0.Archived from the original on June 12, 2021. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
^Purvis, Thomas L. (1999). Balkin, Richard (ed.).Colonial America to 1763. New York:Facts on File. pp. 128–129.ISBN 978-0816025275.
^Purvis, Thomas L. (1995). Balkin, Richard (ed.).Revolutionary America 1763 to 1800. New York:Facts on File. p. 171.ISBN 978-0816025282.
^"Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics"(PDF).United States Census Bureau. p. 1168.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 30, 2022. RetrievedMay 11, 2020.

External links

[edit]

Works by or about Province of South Carolina at theInternet Archive

Preceded by

Southern part of theProvince of Carolina
1663–1712

Province of South Carolina
1712–1776

Succeeded by

State of South Carolina
1776–present

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Other British colonial entities in the contemporaryUnited States
Roanoke (1585–1590) Popham (1607–1608) Jamestown (1607–1699) Berkeley Hundred (1619) Plymouth (1620–1686; 1689–1691) Maine (1622–1658) Saint Croix (1625–1650) Carolana (1629–1663) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629–1686; 1689–1691) Saybrook (1635–1644) New Haven (1638–1664) New England Confederation (1643–1654; 1675–c. 1680) Carolina (1663–1712) Rupert's Land (1670–1811) North-Western Territory (1670–1870) East Jersey (1674–1702) West Jersey (1674–1702) Dominion of New England (1686–1689) Indian Reserve (1763–1783) Quebec (1763–1783) East Florida (1763–1783) West Florida (1763–1783) New Ireland (1779–1783; 1814–1815) Columbia District (1810–1846) Red River Colony (1811–1818) Stickeen Territories (1862–1863) Colony of British Columbia (1863–1866) Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island (1866–1871) Province of British Columbia (1871–1903)
Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States
Columbian Viceroyalty (1492–1535) New Spain 1521–1821;Spanish Florida, 1565–1763 New Navarre, 1565–1821 Captaincy General of the Philippines, 1565–1898 Captaincy General of Puerto Rico, 1580–1898 Santa Fe de Nuevo México, 1598–1821 Captaincy General of Cuba, 1607–1801 Spanish Saint Croix, 1650–1651 Spanish Texas, 1690–1821 Las Californias, 1767–1804 Spanish Louisiana, 1769–1801 Provincias Internas, 1776–1821 Spanish East Florida, 1783–1821 Spanish West Florida, 1783–1821 Alta California, 1804–1821 New France 1534–1763;French Canada, 1535–1763 French Florida, 1562–1565 Hospitaller Saint Croix, 1651–1665 French Saint Croix, 1665–1733 Illinois Country, 1675–1769 and 1801–1803 French Louisiana, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 New Netherland (1614–1667) Dutch Virgin Islands (1625–1672) New Sweden (1638–1655) Danish West Indies (1672–1917) Brandenburger Saint Thomas (1685–1754) Krabbeninsel (1689–1693) Scottish Darien Company (1698) Russian America (1799–1867)
Related documents
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²⁶Legitimacy of territorial establishmentdisputed

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²⁴Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under theAntarctic Treaty.
²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985