Protestantische Rompilger (Protestant Rome Pilgrims) (subtitled:Der Verrat an Luther, orThe treason ofLuther) was a polemic written byAlfred Rosenberg to answer the Protestant criticism (mainly from theConfessing Church) of his 1930The Myth of the Twentieth Century. It was also aimed againstFriedrich Rittelmeyer and theChristengemeinschaft (Christian Community). In it, he demanded that the GermanVolk be released from Christianity and called Christian teachings of sin and grace as "teachings of inferiority". It was published by the Hoheneichen-Verlag,Munich, in a gift edition (already on its 4th edition by 1932, 696 S.), Volksausgabe (from 1933, 712 S.), Dünndrucksaugabe (712 S), and in an 86-page 1937 edition.
The work released a storm of indignation from theDeutschen Evangelischen Kirche (German Evangelical Church),Evangelisch-Lutherischen Kirche (Evangelical-Lutheran Church),Bruderrat der Evangelischen Kirche (Council of Brethren of the Evangelical Church),SchlesischeBekenntnissynode (Silesian Confessional Synod),Martin-Luther-Bund (Martin Luther League) and other connected organisations. 96 church leaders signed theDie Erklärung der 96 evangelischen Kirchenführer gegen Alfred Rosenberg against it in 1937.Walter Kunneth was a prominent Lutheran involved in the polemical controversy against Rosenberg.
BishopAlois Hudal, rector of the foundation ofSanta Maria dell'Anima and an expert of theHoly Office, played a large part in getting "Myth of the 20th Century" placed on theIndex of Forbidden Books on 7 February 1934 as a result ofProtestantische Rompilger.
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