Inbiochemistry,protein carbonylation refers tooxidation of theside chains ofproteins to introduceketone (>C=O) andaldehyde (−CH=O) groups in a protein. The followingamino acid residues are affected:

• prolyl topyrrolidone
• glutamyl to glutamic semialdehyde
• lysyl to aminoadipic acid semialdehyde
• threonyl to aminoketobutyric acid

Carbonylation is typically assumed to be the result ofreactive oxygen species (ROS) attacking the protein side chain. ROS species includehydroperoxide or lipic hydroperoxides. Protein carbonylation is of interest because of its association with various diseases.^[1] Oxidative stress, often metal catalyzed, leads to protein carbonylation.

• Reactive oxygen species
• Post-translational modification

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