 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 9α,15S-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.164.741 |
| KEGG |
|
| MeSH | Prostaglandin+D2 |
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C20H32O5 | |
| Molar mass | 352.471 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Prostaglandin D2 (orPGD2) is aprostaglandin that binds to the receptorPTGDR (DP1), as well asCRTH2 (DP2).[1][2] It is a major prostaglandin produced bymast cells – recruitsTh2 cells,eosinophils, andbasophils. In mammalian organs, large amounts of PGD2 are found only in thebrain and in mast cells. It is critical to development ofallergic diseases such asasthma. Research carried out in 1989[3] found PGD2 is the primary mediator of vasodilation (the "niacin flush") after ingestion ofniacin (nicotinic acid).
A 2012 research paper indicates a causal link between elevated levels of localized PGD2 and hair growth inhibition.[4] Applied topically, the researchers found PGD2 prevents hair growth, and mice that were genetically inclined to produce higher levels of PGD2 had inhibited hair growth. The researchers also found PGD2 levels were much higher in balding scalp tissue than nonbalding scalp tissue, through increased levels ofprostaglandin D2 synthase. The paper suggested that inhibition of hair growth involved binding of PGD2 to a DP2 receptor, and that DP2 therefore would be atherapeutic target forandrogenic alopecia in both men and women with hair loss and thinning.[5] Because PGD2's relation to asthma has been known for several years, several drugs that seek to reduce the effect of PGD2 through blocking the DP2 are already in clinical trials.[5]
In silico simulations have predicted the following as potentialinhibitors of PGD2 synthase:[12]
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