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Proposed referendum on the Brexit withdrawal agreement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Proposal for a second referendum
Part ofa series on
Brexit

Withdrawal of theUnited Kingdom from theEuropean Union

Glossary of terms
Leave campaigns
Remain campaigns
Outcome
Bloomberg speech Jan 2013
Referendum Bill blockedJan 2014
European Parliament election May 2014
2015 general election May 2015
Renegotiation begins Jun 2015
Referendum Act passed Dec 2015
Renegotiation concluded Feb 2016
Referendum held Jun 2016
David Cameron resigns asPM Jul 2016
Theresa Maybecomes PM Jul 2016
Article 50 judgement Jan 2017
Brexit plan presentedFeb 2017
Notification Act passed Mar 2017
Article 50 invoked Mar 2017
Repeal Bill plan presentedMar 2017
2017 general election Jun 2017
Brexit negotiations begin Jun 2017
Withdrawal Act passedJun 2018
Chequers plan presented Jul 2018
Withdrawal agreement plan presented July 2018
Withdrawal agreement released Nov 2018
Scottish Continuity Bill blockedDec 2018
Meaningful votes Jan–Mar 2019
Brexit delayed until 12 April Mar 2019
Cooper–Letwin Act passed Apr 2019
Brexit delayed until 31 October Apr 2019
European Parliament election May 2019
Theresa May resigns asPM Jul 2019
Boris Johnsonbecomes PM Jul 2019
Prorogation andannulment Aug–Sep 2019
Benn Act passed Sep 2019
Withdrawal agreementrevised Oct 2019
Brexit delayed until 31 January Oct 2019
2019 general election Dec 2019
Agreement Act passed Jan 2020
UK leaves the European Union Jan 2020
Implementation period begins Jan 2020
UK–EU trade deal agreed Dec 2020
Future Relationship Act passed Dec 2020
Scottish Continuity Act passed Dec 2020
Implementation period ends Dec 2020
New EU–UK relationship begins Jan 2021
UK–EU trade deal ratified Apr 2021
Windsor Framework released Feb 2023
Windsor framework adopted Mar 2023
Part ofa series of articles on
UK membership
of theEuropean Union
(1973–2020)

A referendum on theBrexit withdrawal agreement, also referred to as a "second referendum",[a] a "rerun", a "people's vote",[b] or a "confirmatory public vote", was proposed by a number of politicians andpressure groups as a way to break the deadlock during the2017–19 Parliament surrounding themeaningful vote on the Brexit deal.

Following theinvocation of Article 50 to beginBrexit negotiations, most proposals for a new referendum suggested a choice between accepting the negotiated withdrawal agreement and remaining in the EU, sometimes with the additional option toleave the EU with no deal. In the case of a three-option referendum, voting systems such assupplementary vote,[2] andBorda count[3] were suggested to allow people to state their second preferences.

Reasons that were cited as justification includecampaign finance violations byVote Leave andLeave.EU, the alleged use of dataillicitly harvested by Cambridge Analytica,[4][5]revelations of Russian interference through fake social media accounts and allegedly through funding,[6] arguments that the "Leave" camp promoted misinformation,[7] a gradualshift in public opinion, fuelled in part by demographic changes such as adolescents who were too young to take part in the first referendum reaching voting age,[8] and that the eventually-arranged terms of Brexit were unknown at the time of the original vote.[9][10]

The most widely discussed proposal was a referendum between "Remain" and "Accept the deal", which was promoted by thePeople's Vote pressure group.[failed verification] This was the official position of theLiberal Democrats, theGreen Party of England and Wales,Plaid Cymru and theScottish National Party. TheLabour Party also adopted this position in September 2019.[11] TheConservative Party andBrexit Party were opposed to any referendum.[12]

On 12 December 2019, theConservative Party, led byBoris Johnson, won an 80-seat overall majority in the2019 general election, albeit on 43.6% of the vote (whereas 51.5% had voted for parties supporting a new referendum). This ended the possibility of any referendum on the withdrawal agreement being held before ratification by theUK Parliament or before the UK left theEuropean Union. Subsequently, the UK Parliament passed theEuropean Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 which receivedroyal assent on 23 January 2020, and the United Kingdom formally left the European Union at 23:00GMT on 31 January 2020.

History

[edit]

A few weeks after the referendum, ane-petition, originally set up beforehand on 25 May 2016 by a member of the Leave-supportingEnglish Democrats,[failed verification] demanding it be re-run in the event that asupermajority was not reached, became the most popular petition on the site, receiving 4,150,262 signatures.[13] On 5 September 2016, the petition received a non-binding debate byMembers of Parliament (MPs) in the Grand Committee Room of Parliament'sWestminster Hall but its proposal was rejected.[14][15]

The Liberal Democrats and Green Party went into the2017 general election campaigning in favour of a second referendum,[16][17] and a minority of pro-EU rebels from Labour and the Conservatives also spoke in favour of it.[citation needed] These[clarification needed] allied in April 2018 into thePeople's Vote campaign group.[18] After several cabinet ministers resigned in protest at theChequers statement setting out the Government's position in the Brexit negotiations, Conservative MPJustine Greening proposed a three-way referendum, using thesupplementary vote system in an attempt to avoid vote splitting.[2]

The leader of theTrades Union Congress, which is closely allied with Labour, said at its 2018 conference that it would declare in favour of a second referendum if the government failed to get "the deal that working people need".[19] On 25 September 2018, delegates at theLabour Party Conference voted in favour of a motion that if Labour did not supportTheresa May's deal, and if subsequent attempts to callanother general election failed, the party should explore all options, including a second referendum.[20] In early December 2018, theFinancial Times reported that Leave groups had also started preparing for another referendum.[21]

The Labour leadership did not make any commitments to a referendum in January 2019.[22] On 18 February 2019, seven pro-EU MPs resigned from the Labour Party to formThe Independent Group (TIG). Over the following days, another Labour MP and three Conservative Party MPs joined them. All eleven[failed verification] supported a referendum.[23]

The following week, the Labour Party announced that it would put forward its own second referendum amendment if its attempts to safeguard workers' rights,Single market access andCustoms Union membership failed.[24]

In September 2019, the Labour Party adopted the position of holding a public vote on whether to leave or remain regardless of which party negotiated the withdrawal agreement.[11]

Parliamentary votes

[edit]

The proposal for a referendum on the withdrawal agreement was first put toParliament on 14 March 2019 in an amendment (tabled bySarah Wollaston) to themotion to request the first extension to the Article 50 deadline, where it was rejected by 85–334, with the Labour Party (and all but 43 of its MPs) abstaining.[25][26]

On 27 March and 1 April 2019, a series ofindicative votes was held, both times including a referendum on the withdrawal agreement among the proposals. All proposals failed, with those for such a referendum receiving in the first round 268 Ayes, 295 Noes and 71 abstentions (a majority of 27) and in the second round 280 Ayes, 292 Noes and 62 abstentions (a majority of 12). In both rounds, it was the proposal second-closest to receiving an affirmative majority.

Opinion polling

[edit]
Main articles:Opinion polling on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (2016–2020) andOpinion polling on the United Kingdom rejoining the European Union (2020–present)
With "Neither" responses
Normalised
Opinion polling (since the2016 referendum) on whether the UK should leave or remain in the EU
  Leave
  Remain

Polling companies asked questions based on a hypothetical future referendum after the 2016 referendum. For most of 2016 and 2017, public opinion was consistently against another referendum[27] and in the event one was called, polling suggested the Leave option would win again. As Brexit negotiations continued however, the Leave lead consistently slipped and public support for another referendum grew.[28] As of February 2019[update], no poll in the Britain Elects poll-tracker had shown a lead for Leave since April 2018, and political scientistJohn Curtice has noted "a modest but discernible softening of the Leave vote".[29][28]

The results of polls askingwhether a further referendum should be held varied depending on how the question was phrased: in general a "second referendum" was less popular than a "public vote" or similar descriptor.[30]

Following the scale of Conservative rebellion to theChequers statement became clear, some polls asked a three-way preference between "Remain", "Deal" and "No deal". The results in this case depended to a great degree on the choice ofvoting system – afirst-past-the-post system for example might see a large Remain win due tovote splitting between the two Leave options.[31]

Support for a future referendum

[edit]

A poll conducted in December 2022 by Savanta, 65% of voters were in favor of holding a second referendum, while 24% were opposed (11% don't know).[32]

The following table shows the support for a public vote on the withdrawal agreement or a second EU referendum according to polls conducted Between the 2016 referendum and 2020.

Date(s) conductedSupportOpposeNeitherLeadSampleConducted byPolling typeNotes
17–18 Oct 201947%44%9%3%1,025SurvationOnline
43%41%16%2%[note 1]
17 Oct 2019EU and UK negotiators agree a newwithdrawal agreement.[33]
2–14 Oct 201941%45%14%4%26,000ComResThree-option referendum
29–30 Sep 201947%29%24%18%1,620YouGovOnlineAs opposed to aparliamentary vote, if a deal is negotiated.
52%23%25%29%As opposed to a parliamentary vote, if no deal is negotiated.
5–9 Sep 201953%29%18%24%1,144KantarOnline
5–7 Sep 201943%42%15%1%2,049DeltapollOnline[note 1]
3–4 Sep 201946%41%13%5%1,533YouGovOnline
29–31 Aug 201941%47%12%6%2,028DeltapollOnline[note 1]
15–19 Aug 201952%29%19%23%1,133KantarOnline
25–27 Jul 201944%44%12%0%2,001DeltapollOnline[note 1]
24 Jul 2019Boris Johnson replaces Theresa May as Prime Minister
2–5 Jul 201941%39%19%2%1,532BMG ResearchOnline[note 1]
23 May 20192019 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom
9–13 May 201947%28%25%19%1,152KantarOnline
4–8 Apr 201951%32%17%19%1,172KantarOnline
2–5 Apr 201952%24%24%28%1,500BMG ResearchOnline
3 Apr 201935%39%25%4%1,068Sky DataOnline[note 2]
1 Apr 2019The House of Commons rejects a motion proposing a referendum on the withdrawal agreement in thesecond round of indicative votes.
28–30 Mar 201940%38%22%2%1,010DeltapollOnline
29 Mar 2019The House of Commonsvotes to reject the Government's proposed withdrawal agreement for the third time.
28–29 Mar 201942%40%19%2%2,008OpiniumOnlineOn whether MPs should have voted for the relevant motion during the indicative votes
27 Mar 2019The House of Commons rejects a motion proposing a referendum on the withdrawal agreement in thefirst round of indicative votes.
27 Mar 201940%35%25%4%1,005Sky DataOnlineOn whether MPs should vote for the relevant motion during the indicative votes
19 Mar 201948%36%15%12%2,084YouGovOnline
14–15 Mar 201948%36%15%12%1,823YouGovOnline
50%36%14%14%YouGovOn whether to leave with no deal or remain in the EU, if the UK looks set to leave without a deal
14–15 Mar 201938%52%10%14%1,756YouGovOnline[note 1]
14 Mar 2019The House of Commons rejects an amendment which called for a referendum on the withdrawal agreement.
12 Mar 2019The House of Commonsvotes to reject the Government's proposed withdrawal agreement for the second time.
4–5 Mar 201944%56%—11%2,042ComResOnlineNo "Neither" option.Unusual wording.[note 1]
21–23 Feb 201943%45%11%2%1,027DeltapollOnline[note 1]
18 Feb 201947%35%18%12%1,021SurvationOnline
8–11 Feb 201941%48%11%7%2,004DeltapollOnline[note 1]
4–8 Feb 201950%32%17%18%1,503BMG ResearchOnline
18 Jan 201939%48%14%9%1,021Sky DataOnline[note 1]
17 Jan 201930%30%40%0%1,792Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
35%29%36%6%Sky Data[note 2]
33%31%35%2%Sky Data[note 3]
37%30%33%7%Sky Data[note 4]
16–17 Jan 201938%47%15%9%2,031ComResOnline[note 1]
16 Jan 201947%36%16%11%1,070YouGovOnline
15 Jan 2019The House of Commonsvotes to reject the Government's proposed withdrawal agreement for the first time.[34]
14–15 Jan 201935%48%17%12%2,010ComResOnline[note 1]
8–11 Jan 201946%28%26%18%1,514BMG ResearchOnline
7–8 Jan 201936%49%15%13%1,754YouGovOnline[note 1]
21 Dec 2018 – 4 Jan 201941%36%22%5%25,537YouGovOnline
14–15 Dec 201844%35%21%9%1,660YouGovOnlineThree-option referendum
14–15 Dec 201850%27%22%23%1,660YouGovOnlineIfParliament cannot decide how to proceed
13–14 Dec 201843%46%12%3%2,022DeltapollOnline[note 1]
12–14 Dec 201844%35%20%9%5,043YouGovOnline
30 Nov-2 Dec 201840%50%11%10%2,035ComResOnline[note 1]
9–30 Nov 2018Ministers includingBrexit SecretaryDominic Raab andWork and Pensions SecretaryEsther McVey resign in protest to thegovernment's proposed withdrawal agreement (or to plans preceding it).[35]
28–29 Nov 201845%36%18%9%1,655YouGovOnline
23–26 Nov 201853%39%8%14%1,119Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
15-16 Nov 201844%30%26%14%1,256PopulusOnline
15 Nov 201855%35%10%20%1,488Sky DataSMSThree-option referendum. Not weighted by2016 vote.
15 Nov 201842%38%20%4%1,070SurvationOnline
14–15 Nov 201848%34%17%14%1,153YouGovOnline
14–15 Nov 201847%53%—6%2,000ComResOnlineOnly if there is no deal. Not weighted by2016 vote. No "Neither" option.[note 1]
14 Nov 2018TheUK Cabinet approves a new draftwithdrawal agreement.[36]
7 Nov 2018TheScottish Parliament commits to providing unequivocal support for a public vote on the final terms of the Brexit deal.[37]
24 Oct – 6 Nov 201865%35%—30%8,154PopulusOnlineNo "Neither" option
20 Oct – 2 Nov 201843%37%20%6%20,086SurvationOnline[note 2]
38%39%23%1%[note 3]
39%37%24%2%[note 5]
28 Sep – 1 Oct 201853%40%7%13%1,443Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
25–26 Sep 201834%50%16%16%1,634YouGovOnline[note 3]
37%48%15%11%[note 2]
21–22 Sep 201839%43%17%4%1,643YouGovOnline
18–19 Sep 201840%43%17%3%2,509YouGovOnline
10–11 Sep 201850%39%10%11%1,070Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
4–5 Sep 201840%41%18%1%1,628YouGovOnline
31 Jul – 4 Sep 201845%35%21%10%25,641YouGovOnline
31 Aug – 1 Sep 201840%43%17%3%1,600YouGovOnline
31 Aug – 1 Sep 201845%37%18%9%1,017SurvationOnline
17–20 Aug 201850%42%9%8%1,330Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
31 Jul – 20 Aug 201845%33%22%12%18,772YouGovOnline
6–10 Aug 201848%24%27%24%1,481BMG ResearchOnline
26–31 Jul 201843%41%17%2%4,957YouGovOnline[note 2]
25–26 Jul 201842%40%18%2%1,631YouGovOnline
24 Jul 2018The Independent launches its campaign for a second referendum.[38]
20–23 Jul 201850%40%10%9%1,466Sky DataOnlineThree-option referendum
16–17 Jul 201840%42%18%2%1,657YouGovOnline
36%47%17%11%Three-option referendum
10–11 Jul 201837%41%23%4%1,732YouGovOnline
8–9 Jul 2018Brexit SecretaryDavid Davis and Foreign SecretaryBoris Johnson resign.[39]
6 Jul 2018TheUK Cabinet agrees theChequers statement, setting out a proposal on the future UK–EU relationship.[40]
3–5 Jul 201844%27%29%17%1,511BMG ResearchOnline
19–20 Jun 201837%45%18%8%1,663YouGovOnline
19–20 Jun 201848%25%27%23%1,022SurvationOnline
13–14 May 201838%46%16%8%1,634YouGovOnline
12 May 2018TheNational Union of Students calls for a referendum on the final deal.[41]
1–4 May 201853%31%16%22%2,005Opinium
15 Apr 2018People's Vote campaign launched.[42]
10–12 Apr 201852%31%17%21%2,008OpiniumOnline
9–10 Apr 201838%45%17%7%1,639YouGovOnline
6–8 Apr 201847%36%17%11%2,012ICMOnline[note 2]
5–6 Apr 201839%45%17%6%823YouGovOnline[note 2]
26–27 Mar 201836%42%22%6%1,659YouGovOnline
16–23 Mar 201841%52%7%11%1,616Sky DataOnline[note 1]
5–6 Mar 201836%43%20%7%1,641YouGovOnline
2 Mar 201835%54%11%19%1,096ComResOnline[note 1]
2 Mar 2018Theresa May makesMansion House speech, outlining the UK Government's policy on the future UK–EU relationship.[43]
16–23 Mar 201841%52%7%12%1,616Sky DataOnline[note 1]
14–16 Feb 201834%54%11%20%1,482Sky DataOnline[note 1]
16–19 Jan 201835%56%9%21%1,096Sky DataOnline[note 1]
10–19 Jan 201847%34%19%13%5,075ICMOnline[note 2]
9–10 Jan 201836%43%21%7%1,714YouGovOnline
15 Dec 2017TheEuropean Council decides to proceed to thesecond phase of the Brexit negotiations.[44]
10–11 Dec 201733%42%24%9%1,680YouGovOnline
30 Nov – 1 Dec 201750%34%16%16%1,003SurvationOnline
23–24 Oct 201732%46%22%14%1,637YouGovOnline
22–24 Sep 201734%46%21%12%1,716YouGovOnline
22 Sep 2017Theresa May makesFlorence speech, in an attempt to 'unblock' the Brexit negotiations.[45]
12–13 Sep 201734%47%19%13%1,660YouGovOnline
14–15 Jul 201746%39%15%7%1,024SurvationOnline
7–11 Jul 201741%48%12%7%2,005Opinium[note 2]
28–30 Jun 201746%47%6%1%1,017SurvationTelephone
16–20 Jun 201738%51%11%13%2,005Opinium[note 2]
19 Jun 2017Brexit negotiations begin.[46]
16–17 Jun 201748%43%9%5%1,005SurvationTelephone
16–17 Jun 201738%57%4%19%1,005SurvationTelephone[note 2]
10 Jun 201736%55%9%18%1,036SurvationOnline[note 1]
8 Jun 20172017 United Kingdom general election
28 Apr – 2 May 201736%53%11%17%2,003Opinium[note 2]
27–28 Apr 201731%49%20%18%1,612YouGovOnline
21–22 Apr 201739%46%14%7%2,072SurvationOnline
20–21 Apr 201731%48%21%17%1,590YouGovOnline
29 Mar 2017The United Kingdominvokes Article 50.[47]
17–21 Mar 201738%52%10%14%2,003Opinium[note 2]
17 Jan 2017Theresa May makesLancaster House speech, setting out the UK Government's negotiating priorities.[48]
15–18 Dec 201635%53%13%18%2,048ComRes[note 1]
13–16 Dec 201633%52%15%19%2,000Opinium[note 2]
2 Oct 2016Theresa May makesConservative Party Conference speech, announcing her intention to invoke Article 50 by 31 March 2017.[49]
13 Jul 2016Theresa May becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.[50]
29–30 Jun 201632%60%7%28%1,017BMG ResearchTelephone[note 1]
27–28 Jun 201631%58%11%27%1,760YouGovOnline[note 1]
23 Jun 20162016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyQuestion asked about a second EU referendum, not necessarily on the final deal.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnReferendum on whether to accept the negotiated terms or remain in the EU.
  3. ^abcReferendum on whether to accept the negotiated terms or leave the EU without a deal.
  4. ^Referendum on whether to remain in the EU or leave the EU without a deal.
  5. ^Referendum on whether to accept the negotiated terms or re-open negotiations with a view to getting a better deal.

Advocates

[edit]

Political parties

[edit]

Members of Parliament

[edit]
This list isincomplete; you can help byadding missing items.(September 2019)

Labour Party

[edit]
Labour Party MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement

Liberal Democrats

[edit]
Liberal Democrat MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement

Independent

[edit]
Independent MPs who advocated a referendum on the proposed withdrawal agreement

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^After the2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. A few commentators, such asNew Statesman political editorStephen Bush, preferthird referendum, counting both the 2016 referendum and the1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum.[1]
  2. ^People's Vote is the name of a pressure group. For that reason, some broadcasters avoid the term or prefer "so-called people's vote"
  3. ^Labour membership suspended: 29 October 2020 – 17 November 2020; whip suspended since 29 October 2020

References

[edit]
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  2. ^abSabbagh, Dan; Walker, Peter (16 July 2018)."Justine Greening endorses second Brexit referendum".The Guardian. Retrieved26 February 2019.
  3. ^Xefteris, Dimitrios; Troumpounis, Orestis."Brexit deadlock: this three-way referendum design could break it".The Conversation. Retrieved28 May 2019.
  4. ^"Brexit result has been thrown into question by the Cambridge Analytica data scandal, says Tory MP".The Independent. 30 April 2018. Retrieved26 May 2019.
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  6. ^McGaughey, Ewan (16 August 2018). "Could Brexit Be Void?".doi:10.2139/ssrn.3232632.S2CID 219363646.SSRN 3232632.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
  7. ^Fletcher, Martin (10 April 2019)."The "will of the people" is not set in stone – a second referendum is the only way to heal the nation".New Statesman. Retrieved26 May 2019.
  8. ^Ford, Robert (30 March 2019)."Brexit: how do voters feel about the EU now?".The Observer. Retrieved26 May 2019.
  9. ^"The need for a second referendum".www.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford. Retrieved26 May 2019.
  10. ^McRae, Belinda; Lodder, Andrew."There's a democratic case for a second referendum – this is how it can be done".New Statesman. Retrieved26 May 2019.
  11. ^abcd"Brexit: Labour manifesto to offer vote on Leave and Remain".BBC News. 10 September 2019. Retrieved16 September 2019.
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  23. ^Maguire, Patrick (18 February 2019)."Q&A: Who are the Independent Group and what do they stand for?".New Statesman.Archived from the original on 18 February 2019. Retrieved18 February 2019.
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  38. ^"The referendum gave sovereignty to the British people, so now they deserve a final say on the Brexit deal".The Independent. 24 July 2018. Retrieved23 August 2018.
  39. ^"Boris Johnson tells PM she is suffocating Brexit 'dream'". BBC News. 9 July 2018. Retrieved9 July 2018.
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  51. ^Proctor, Kate (15 October 2019)."Lib Dems in renewed push for second Brexit referendum vote".The Guardian.ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved28 October 2019.
  52. ^"Green Party says case for the People's Vote is now overwhelming".The Green Party. 27 May 2019. Retrieved22 December 2019.
  53. ^"Brexit: Scottish Green Party formally back People's Vote campaign".The Scotsman. 20 October 2018. Retrieved22 December 2019.
  54. ^abMcCurry, Cate (14 September 2019)."Hundreds of people attend People's Vote rally in Belfast".Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved22 December 2019.
  55. ^Bailey, Clare (15 September 2019)."People's Vote a must following Government Brexit deal defeat".The Green Party Northern Ireland. Archived fromthe original on 22 December 2019. Retrieved22 December 2019.
  56. ^@PeacePartyUK (23 June 2018)."Peace Party asks you to consider signing the People's Vote Petition to demand a vote on the Brexit deal. We, the people, have the democratic right to determine our own future – SIGN THE PETITION: https://www.peoples-vote.uk/petition #PeoplesVote #PeoplesVoteMarch" (Tweet) – viaTwitter.
  57. ^Morris, John."The Peace Party continues to support UK membership of the European Union".The Peace Party. Retrieved22 December 2019.
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  59. ^Ashman, Alex (12 November 2018)."NHA AGM passes motion supporting People's Vote".NHA Party. Retrieved22 December 2019.
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  65. ^Cole, Dick (16 January 2019)."It is clear from the inability of the Westminster Parliament to find a way forward, that the people of the United Kingdom should be given a say on what should happen next through a People's Vote".Mebyon Kernow – The Party for Cornwall. Retrieved22 December 2019.
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  68. ^"Conference 2018 Motion Outcomes".womensequality.org.uk.Women's Equality Party. 9 September 2018. Retrieved25 January 2019.Text. andimage of WEP co-founder Catherine Mayer at People's Vote rally at Parliament (in WEP jumper and tan, peaked hat).
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