Operation V150, where 150 refers to a target speed inmetres per second, was a series of high-speed trials carried out on theLGV Est. The V150 was a specially configuredTGV high-speed train (weighing only 265 tonnes (292 tons)) notable for breaking the worldrailway speed record on 3 April 2007. The train was built in France and reached a speed of 574.8 kilometres per hour (357.2 mph) on an unopened section of theLGV Est betweenStrasbourg andParis, in France[1] topping the previous record of 515.3 kilometres per hour (320.2 mph) set in 1990.[2]
Operation V150 trials were carried out on theLGV Est prior to its June 2007 opening. The trials were conducted jointly bySNCF, TGV builderAlstom, and LGV Est ownerRéseau Ferré de France between 15 January 2007 and 15 April 2007. Following a series of increasingly high-speed runs, the official speed record attempt took place on 3 April 2007.[3][4] The top speed of 574.8 km/h (159.7 m/s, 357.2 mph) was reached at kilometre point 193 near the village of Le Chemin, between the Meuse andChampagne-Ardenne TGV stations, where the most favorable profile exists.
The 515.3 km/h (320.2 mph) speed record of 1990 was unofficially broken multiple times during the test campaign that preceded and followed the certified record attempt, the first time on 13 February 2007 with a speed of 554.3 kilometres per hour (344.4 mph), and the last time on 15 April 2007 with a speed of 542.9 kilometres per hour (337.3 mph).
The train used for the speed record was code named V150, and comprised three modified Duplex cars, fitted with two powered bogies similar to theAGV prototype, marshalled between a pair of TGV power cars fromPOS trainset 4402. The train had four more powered axles than trainset 325 used in the 1990 speed record, and had a maximum power output of 19.6 MW (26,300 hp) instead of the 9.3 MW (12,500 hp) on a standard TGV POS. This unusual composition was used to obtain high speed test data on disparate technical elements including the new asynchronous traction motors on the POS power cars, the lightweight synchronous permanent magnet traction motors on the AGV bogies, the actively controlledpantograph, and the Duplex bi-level configuration which had never been used in very high speed trials.
Aerodynamic improvements, similar to the 1990 record train, were refined in awind tunnel and provided a 15% reduction in drag from the standard configuration. These improvements included a front air dam, roof fairings over the pantograph openings, membranes to cover the space between the cars, and a flush-mounted windshield. Over 600 sensors were fitted on various parts of both the engines and the cars. The train set ran with larger wheels with a diameter of 1,092 mm (43.0 in) instead of 920 mm (36.2 in), to limit the rotational speed of thepowertrain.[5][6]
The record runs took place on a 140-kilometre (87 mi) section of track 1 on theLGV Est, usually heading west, between kilometre posts 264 (town ofPrény) and 120 (near theChampagne-Ardenne TGV station). This section of the LGV was chosen for its vertical profile and gentle curves, with favorable downhill segments leading to the highest speeds between kilometre posts 195 and 191, near the border between theMeuse andMarne departments. The tracksuperelevation was increased to support higher speeds.Catenary voltage was increased to 31 kV from the standard 25 kV. The mechanical tension in the wire was increased to 40 kN from the standard 25 kN. The speed of thetransverse wave induced in the overhead wire by the train'spantograph was thus increased to 610 km/h (380 mph), providing a margin of safety beyond the train's maximum speed. Several measurement stations were installed along the test tracks to monitor stresses in the track andballast, noise, aerodynamic effects, and catenary dynamics. Between kilometre posts 223 and 167, where speeds exceeded 500 km/h (311 mph), the track was under close surveillance.
Between 15 January 2007 and 15 April 2007, the V150 train travelled at 500 kilometres per hour (311 mph) and above for a cumulative distance of 728 kilometres (452 mi). For each high speed run, another TGV performed a sweep of the track before the V150 train was cleared to start. This sweep was performed at a sustained 380 km/h (236 mph)—the peak speed reached in the record of 1981—byTGV POS trainset 4404 in a standard eight-car configuration. The acceleration of the V150 train took place over a distance of 70 kilometres (43 mi). During certain runs, including the official record run, the V150 train was chased by anAérospatiale Corvette airplane to provide data relay and uplink oflive television images.
