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Prohesperocyon

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Extinct genus of carnivores

Prohesperocyon^[1] Temporal range:Late Eocene,36.6–36.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Genus:	†Prohesperocyon Wang, 1994
Species:	†P. wilsoni
Binomial name
†Prohesperocyon wilsoni Gustafson, 1986

Prohesperocyon ("beforeHesperocyon") is an extinctgenus ofcanid,^[2] endemic toNorth America appearing during theLate Eocene around 36.6mya (AEO).^[3]

Fossil distribution

[edit]

Prohesperocyon wilsoni was unearthed at the Airstrip (TMM 40504) site,Presidio County, Texas dating between 36.6 and 36.5million years ago.^[4] This fossil species bears a combination of features that definitively mark it as a Canidae, including teeth that include the loss of the upper third molar (a general trend in canids toward a more shearing bite), and the characteristically enlarged bonybulla (the rounded covering over the middle ear). Based on what we know about its descendants,Prohesperocyon likely had slightly more elongated limbs than its predecessors, along with toes that were parallel and closely touching, rather than splayed, as in bears.^[5]

References

[edit]

^Wang, Xiaoming (1994). "Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae".Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History.221:1–207.hdl:2246/829.
^Wang, Xiaoming;Tedford, Richard H. (2008).Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 23.ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.
^Paleobiology Database Taxa 41236,Prohesperocyon
^Paleobiology Database Collection 16888, revised on 2002-06-03,John Alroy.
^Wang, Xiaoming; Richard H. Tedford (2008)."How Dogs Came to Run the World".Natural History Magazine. July/August. Retrieved2020-01-23.

ExtinctCanidae

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
Order:Carnivora
Suborder:Caniformia

Canidae

†Prohesperocyon

†Hesperocyoninae

Hesperocyon Mesocyon Cynodesmus Sunkahetanka Philotrox Enhydrocyon Paraenhydrocyon Caedocyon Ectopocynus
Osbornodon	O. brachypus O. fricki O. iamonensis O. renjiei O. sesnoni O. scitulus O. wangi

†Borophaginae

Phlaocyonini

Cynarctoides
Phlaocyon	P. achoros P. annectens P. latidens P. leucosteus P. mariae P. marslandensis P. minor P. multicuspus P. taylori P. yatkolai

Borophagini

Cynarctina

Paracynarctus
Cynarctus

Aelurodontina

Tomarctus
Aelurodon

Borophagina

Paratomarctus Carpocyon Protepicyon Epicyon
Borophagus	B. diversidens B. dudleyi B. hilli B. littoralis B. orc B. parvus B. pugnator B. secundus

Caninae	see below↓

Caninae

†Leptocyon
†Metalopex

Urocyon	†U. citrinus †U. galushai †U. minicephalus †U. progressus †U. webbi

Vulpini

†Ferrucyon †Prototocyon
Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs)	†N. abdeslami †N. donnezani †N. lockwoodi †N. megamastoides †N. sinensis †N. tingi †N. vinetorum
Vulpes (true foxes)	†V. hassani †V. odessana †V. praeglacialis †V. qiuzhudingi †V. riffautae †V. rooki †V. skinneri †V. stenognathus

Canini(true dogs)

†Canis gezi
†Nurocyon

Cerdocyonina
(zorro)

†Protocyon †Theriodictis
Speothos	†Pleistocene bush dog (S. pacivorus)
†Dusicyon	Falkland Islands wolf (D. australis) D. avus D. cultridens
Lycalopex (South American foxes)	†L. cultridens (?) †L. ensenadensis

Canina(wolf-like canids)	see below↓

Falkland Islands wolf (Dusicyon australis)

Canina(wolf-like canids)

Canina

†Eucyon	E. davisi E. debonisi E. ferox E. intrepidus E. khoikhoi E. kuta E. marinae E. minor E. monticinensis E. skinneri E. wokari E. zhoui
Lycaon	†L. magnus †L. sekowei
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)	†C. a. antiquus †C. a. caucasicus †European dhole (C. a. europaeus) †Tien Shan dhole (C. a. hesperius)

Canis

Coyote (C. latrans)	†Pleistocene coyote (C. l. orcutti)
Red wolf (C. rufus)	†Florida black wolf (C. r. floridanus) †Gregory's wolf (C. r. gregoryi)

Wolf (C. lupus)

†Prehistoric

†Recently
extinct

Sicilian wolf (C. l. cristaldii) Hokkaido wolf (C. l. hattai) Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax) Austro-Hungarian wolf
Synonymized underC. l. arctos:Bernard's wolf (C. l. bernardi)
Synonymized underC. l. occidentalis:Kenai Peninsula wolf (C. l. alces) Manitoba wolf (C. l. griseoalbus)
Synonymized underC. l. nubilus:Newfoundland wolf (C. l. beothucus) Cascade mountain wolf (C. l. fuscus) Mogollon mountain wolf (C. l. mogollonensis) Texas wolf (C. l. monstrabilis) Southern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. youngi)

See also:Evolution of the wolf
Category:Extinct canids

Taxon identifiers
Prohesperocyon wilsoni	Wikidata:Q3762044 EoL:4445155 GBIF:4970263 Paleobiology Database:50768

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