Incomputer science,programming by example (PbE), also termedprogramming by demonstration or more generally asdemonstrational programming, is anend-user development technique forteaching a computer new behavior by demonstrating actions on concrete examples.[1] The system records user actions and infers a generalizedprogram that can be used on new examples.
PbE is intended to be easier to do than traditionalcomputer programming, which generally requires learning and using aprogramming language. Many PbE systems have been developed as researchprototypes, but few have found widespread real-world application. More recently, PbE has proved to be a useful paradigm for creating scientific work-flows. PbE is used in two independent clients for theBioMOBY protocol:Seahawk andGbrowse moby.
Also theprogramming by demonstration (PbD) term has been mostly adopted by roboticsresearchers forteaching new behaviors to therobot through a physical demonstration of the task. The usual distinction in the literature between these terms is that in PbE the user gives a prototypical product of thecomputer execution, such asa row in the desired results of a query; while in PbD the user performs a sequence of actions that the computer must repeat, generalizing it to be used in differentdata sets. For final users, to automate aworkflow in acomplex tool (e.g.Photoshop), the most simple case of PbD is themacro recorder.
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