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Incivil engineering andproject management,process management is the management of "systematic series of activities directed towards causing an end result such that one or more inputs will be acted upon to create one or more outputs".[1]
Process management offers project organizations a means of applying the same quality improvement and defect reduction techniques used in business and manufacturing processes by taking a process view of project activity; modeling discrete activities and high-level processes.[2][1][3]
The termprocess management usually refers to the management of engineering processes and project management processes where aprocess is a collection of related, structured tasks that produce a specific service or product to address a certain goal for a particular organization, actor or set of actors.[4]
Processes can be executed with procedures.[1] They can be described as a sequence of steps that can execute a process and their value lies in that they are an accepted method of accomplishing a consistent performance or results.[3]
Process management provides engineering and project managers with a means of systemically thinking of project organizations,semantics concepts andlogical frameworks that allow project activities to be planned, executed, analyzed and facilitate learning.
In order for process management as defined to deliver consistent performance, it requires definition, elimination of non-value-added activities,continuous improvement,project stakeholder focus and team based approach. Mitchell (2016) notes that managing processes across divisional and organizational boundaries requires a more flexible management strategy as well as close cooperation among managers in diverse functional and operational units to ensure that the process flow is not interrupted by conflicts over lines of authority.[5]
Process management originated as part of the manufacturing-based application ofstatistical quality control movement in the late 1920s and early 1930s.[3] What is relatively new, however, is the transition of process management methods from a manufacturing environment to a total company orientation[3] and project management.
Process management in the context of project management or engineering represents a change from the traditional concept of organizational authority using hierarchies and organizational structure to one requiring flexibility to ensure efficient process workflows. Mitchell (2016) notes that managing processes across divisional and organizational boundaries requires a more flexible management strategy as well as close cooperation among managers in diverse functional and operational units to ensure that the process flow is not interrupted by conflicts over lines of authority.[6]
Cooper, et al.[7] note that manufacturing has been "a constant reference point and a source of innovation in construction". There is a new phenomenon occurring within the construction sector that is based upon the development and use of fundamental core management processes to improve the efficiency of the industry.
In the field of process management the notion of process, according to Mitchell (2016), can be characterized by:
These concepts provides management with the following:
Process management in this context requires engineering knowledge, management activities and skill sets whereas business processes or manufacturing processes require operations management activities, and skill sets.[1]
Process models are 'an effective way to show how a process works'.[10] Project management process modeling tools provide managers and engineering professionals with the ability to model their processes, implement and execute those models, and refine the models based on actual performance. The result is that business process modeling tools can provide transparency into project management processes, as well as the centralization of project organization process models and execution metrics.
A number ofmodelling/systems analysis techniques exist such asdata flow diagrams (DFD),HIPO model (hierarchy + input-process-output),data modeling andIDEF0 (integration definition language 0 for function modelling) process modelling technique.
A process activity that is concurrent or simultaneously executing can be termed a thread.[11]
ISO 9000 promotes the process approach to managing anorganization.
...promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing andimproving the effectiveness of aquality management system, to enhancecustomer satisfaction by meetingcustomer requirements.[12]
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