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printf (Unix)

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Shell command for formatting and outputting text; like printf() library function

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printf

Developers	Variousopen-source andcommercial developers
Operating system	Unix andUnix-like
Platform	Cross-platform
Type	Command
License	coreutils:GPLv3+^[1]

printf is ashell command that formats and outputs text like thesame-named C function. It is available in a variety ofUnix andUnix-like systems. Some shells implement the command asbuiltin and some provide it as autility program^[2]

The command has similarsyntax andsemantics as the library function. The command outputs text tostandard output^[3] as specified by a format string and a list of values.Characters of the format string are copied to the output verbatim except when a format specifier is found which causes a value to be output per the specifier.

The command has some aspects unlike the library function. In addition to the library function format specifiers,%b causes the command to expand backslashescape sequences (for example\n fornewline), and%q outputs an item that can be used asshell input.^[3] The value used for an unmatched specifier (too few values) is an empty string for%s or 0 for a numeric specifier. If there are more values than specifiers, then the command restarts processing the format string from its beginning,

The command is part of theX/Open Portability Guide since issue 4 of 1992. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and theSingle Unix Specification.^[4] It first appeared in4.3BSD-Reno.^[5]

The implementation bundled inGNU Core Utilities was written by David MacKenzie. It has an extension%q for escaping strings in POSIX-shell format.^[3]

Examples

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This prints a list of numbers:

$forNin4810;doprintf" >> %03d << \n"$N;done>>004<<>>008<<>>010<<

This produces output for a directory's content similar tols:

$printf"%s\n"*

References

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^"printf(1): format/print data - Linux man page".linux.die.net.Archived from the original on 2018-11-21. Retrieved2019-02-24.
^"GNU Coreutils".www.gnu.org.Archived from the original on 2004-02-05. Retrieved2019-02-27.
^^a ^b ^cprintf(1) – Linux UserManual – User Commands from Manned.org
^printf – Shell and Utilities Reference,The Single UNIX Specification, Version 5 fromThe Open Group
^printf(1) – FreeBSD General CommandsManual

External links

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The WikibookGuide to Unix has a page on the topic of:Commands

v t e Unix command-line interface programs andshell builtins
File system	cat chattr chmod chown chgrp cksum cmp cp dd du df file fuser ln ls mkdir mv pax pwd rm rmdir split tee touch type umask
Processes	at bg crontab fg kill nice ps time
User environment	env exit logname mesg talk tput uname who write
Text processing	awk basename comm csplit cut diff dirname ed ex fold head iconv join m4 more nl paste patch printf read sed sort strings tail tr troff uniq vi wc xargs
Shell builtins	alias cd echo test unset wait
Searching	find grep
Documentation	man
Software development	ar ctags lex make nm strip yacc
Miscellaneous	bc cal expr lp od sleep true and false
Categories Standard Unix programs Unix SUS2008 utilities List

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