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Principality of Trinidad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Short-lived unrecognized state
For other uses, seeTrinidad (disambiguation).
Principality of Trinidad
Principauté de Trinidad(in French)
Principado de Trinidad(in Portuguese)
1893–1895
of Trinidad
Coat of arms
Map of Trinidad from the book, The Cruise of the Alerte
Map of Trinidad from the book,The Cruise of the Alerte
StatusUnrecognized state
Common languagesEnglish,French,Portuguese
GovernmentSelf-proclaimed monarchy
Prince 
• 1893–1895
James I
History 
• Established
1893
• Disestablished
1895
Preceded by		Succeeded by
First Brazilian Republic
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
First Brazilian Republic

ThePrincipality of Trinidad (not to be confused with theRepublic of Trinidad and Tobago) was a short-lived unrecognized state declared in 1893[1] when the AmericanJames Harden-Hickey claimed the uninhabitedTrindade Island in the South Atlantic. He declared himself James I, Prince of Trinidad,[2][3] and intended for the islands to become amilitary dictatorship under his leadership.[2] Britain and Brazil later argued over the territory, and it is now a part of the state ofEspírito Santo in southeastern Brazil.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Name

[edit]

The original name of the island,Trindade, is Portuguese for "trinity";Trinidad is the Spanishcognate. It is unclear why Harden-Hickley chose to translate the name from Portuguese into Spanish, and not English. Earlier, nearbyAscension Island had been renamed from its original Portuguese nameAscensão when it passed into British hands.

History

[edit]

While traveling toTibet before his marriage, Harden-Hickey noticed the tiny island of Trindade in the South Atlantic Ocean, which had never been claimed by any country and was, legally,terra nullius. In 1893, wanting an independent state where he could serve as its ruler, he claimed the island and proclaimed himself James I, the Prince of Trinidad.

Stamp of the Principality of Trinidad, 5f, 1893

He designed postage stamps, a national flag andcoat of arms, and established achivalric order, the Cross of Trinidad. He bought aschooner to transport colonists, appointed M. Le Comte De la Boissiere as Secretary of State, and opened a consular office at 217 West 36th Street inNew York City. He issuedgovernment bonds to finance the construction of infrastructure on the island.

In July 1895, theBritish tried to take possession of the island, basing their claim on the 1700 visit by English astronomerEdmund Halley.[2] The British planned to use the island as a telegraph cable station.[2] However, Brazilian diplomatic efforts pressed a successful claim to Brazilian sovereignty, based on the island's discovery in 1502 by Portuguese navigators.

To demonstrate sovereignty over the island, the state of Espírito Santo, which took the island, built a landmark on 24 January 1897.

Today

[edit]

Today, Brazil marks its presence with a permanentBrazilian Navy base on the main island.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"To Be Prince of Trinidad: He Is Baron Harden-Hickey,"New York Tribune, Nov 5, 1893, p 1
  2. ^abcdBryk, William,News & ColumnsArchived 2006-04-30 at theWayback Machine,New York Press, v 15 no 50 (Dec 10, 2002)
  3. ^"Principality of Trinidad: John H. Flagler's Son-in-Law Is Its Sovereign, Self-Proclaimed as James I,"New York Times, June 10, 1894, p 23
  4. ^"Mr. Hickey's Trinidad Invaded: Great Britain's Warship Barracouta Takes Possession of the Land While the Prince Is in California,"New York Times, Jun 18, 1895, p 3
  5. ^"Trinidad's Prince Awake: An Appeal to Washington Against Brazil and Great Britain,"New York Times, Aug 1, 1895, p 1
  6. ^"Grand Chancellor of Trinidad: Significant Phases in the Ascent of Male Comte de la Boissiere to His Elevated Diplomatic Post,"New York Times, Aug 2, 1895, p 9
  7. ^"Trinidad's Case in Washington: Courteously, the Chancellor Would Permit Britain's Cable Station and Use It, but There Is Graver Trouble,"New York Times, Aug 7, 1895, p 1
  8. ^"Trinidad's Diplomat in Action: M. de la Boissiere Asks that His Sovereign's Land Be Recognized as a Neutral Principality,"New York Times, Aug 9, 1895, p 5
  9. ^"Trinidad's Prince at Work: Grand Chancellor de la Boissiere Tells How the War Between Great Britain and Brazil Will Be Averted,"New York Times, Jan 24, 1896, p 9
  10. ^Flags of the World - Trindade and Martins Vaz Islands (Brazil)
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