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Princeton offense

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Offensive strategy in basketball

ThePrinceton offense is anoffensive basketball strategy which emphasizes constantmotion, back-door cuts, picks on and off the ball, and disciplined teamwork. It was used and perfected atPrinceton University byPete Carril, though its roots may be traced back toFranklin “Cappy” Cappon, who coachedPrinceton in the late 1930s,^[1] andBernard "Red" Sarachek, who coached atYeshiva University from 1938 to 1977.^[2]

Concept

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The offense is designed for a unit of five players who can each pass, shoot, and dribble at an above-average level. These players hope to isolate and exploit a mismatch using these skills.^[3] Positions become less important and on offense there is nopoint guard,shooting guard,small forward orpower forward.^[4] However, there are certain rules that players running this offense are expected to follow.^[5]

The offense usually starts out with four players outside thethree-point arc with one player at the top of thekey. The ball is kept in constant motion through passing until a player without the ball cuts toward the unoccupied area under and around the basket, and receives the ball for alayup. The post player is a very important player in the offense. He or she sets up in the high post and draws attention to their positioning. When the ball is received in to the post the players main objective is to find back door cutters or defenders who have fallen asleep on the weak side.

The hallmark of the offense is the backdoor cut, where a player on thewing suddenly moves in towards the basket behind a defender, receives a bounce pass from a guard on the perimeter, and (if done correctly) finds himself with no defenders between him and alayup. Alternatively, when the defensive team attempts to pack thepaint to prevent backdoor cuts, the offense utilizes three point shots from the perimeter. All five players in the offense—including the center—should be competent at making a three-point attempt, further spreading the floor, and not allowing the defense to leave any player unattended.

The offense is often a very slowly developing one, relying on a high number of passes, and is often used incollege basketball by teams facing opponents with superior athletic talent in order to maintain a low-scoring game (believing that a high-scoring game would favor the athletically superior opponent). As a result, Princeton has led the nation inscoring defense 19 times, including in every year from 1989 to 2000.^[6]

Use at Princeton

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During his tenure as head coach ofPrinceton University (1967–1996), Pete Carril compiled a 514–261 record, a .658 winning percentage. His teams won 13Ivy League championships during his 29-year tenure with the Tigers, and received 11NCAA Tournament bids and twoNational Invitation Tournament berths. Princeton captured the NIT title in 1975. Perhaps Carril's greatest win was his final upset victory, a 43 - 41 win over defending national champion UCLA on a backdoor cut at the end of a first-round game in the1996 NCAA Tournament. The win extended Carril's retirement by one game and is ranked as one of the best NCAA upsets of all time.^[7] Former Princeton coachSydney Johnson and his predecessorsBill Carmody,John Thompson III, andJoe Scott have all employed the Princeton offense.^[3]

Other examples of use

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National Basketball Association

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After his retirement from Princeton in 1996, Pete Carril served as an assistant coach for theNational Basketball Association'sSacramento Kings until 2006. During his time with Sacramento, Carril helpedRick Adelman, who became the Kings' head coach in 1998, implement the Princeton offense. Carril returned to the Kings duringthe 2008–2009 season as a consultant.

TheCleveland Cavaliers,Los Angeles Lakers,New Orleans Hornets,New Jersey Nets, andWashington Wizards also have run versions of the Princeton offense.^[8]Rick Adelman introduced a modified version of Pete Carril's system to theHouston Rockets duringthe 2007–2008 season.^[9] CoachAlvin Gentry also implemented an altered version of it that shows similarities to thetriangle offense during thePhoenix Suns′s2012–13 season.Eddie Jordan implemented the Princeton offense as coach of the Washington Wizards (from 2003 to 2008) and thePhiladelphia 76ers (from 2009 to 2010).Mike Brown tried to use the Princeton with the2012–13 Los Angeles Lakers for five regular season games (four losses) before he and the coaching staff were fired.

College basketball

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NCAA Division I

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Besides Princeton, some of theNCAA Division I college basketball teams best known for using the offense are:

Air Force underJoe Scott, a former Carril player and protégé and former Princeton head coach
American under Mike Brennan, a former Princeton player and assistant coach
Brown underCraig Robinson, a former Princeton player andNorthwestern assistant coach
University of Colorado, under head coachJeff Bzdelik
Denver under former Princeton coach Joe Scott
Georgetown underJohn Thompson III, who played under Carril at Princeton and was later Princeton′s head coach
Holy Cross underBill Carmody, another Carril protégé and a former Princeton head coach
Miami underCharlie Coles
North Dakota underBrian Jones
Pennsylvania underSteve Donahue, runs the "shuffle offense," loosely based on Princeton principles.
Notre Dame women's basketball underMuffet McGraw
Oregon State underCraig Robinson, a former Princeton player andNorthwestern assistant coach
Richmond underChris Mooney, a former Princeton player and assistant coach at Air Force
Samford underJimmy Tillette
Southern California underTim Floyd
Virginia underTony Bennett, loosely based on the general principles of the Princeton offense
Wisconsin, under coachBo Ryan, ran the "swing offense," which was loosely based on the Princeton offense
William & Mary underBrian Earl, a former Princeton player and assistant coach

NCAA Division II

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NCAA Division II colleges that have used the Princeton offense include:

Alabama-Huntsville under Lennie Acuff
Christian Brothers under Mike Nienaber
Rollins underTom Klusman
Seattle Pacific under Jeff Hironaka

NCAA Division III

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NCAA Division III colleges that have used the Princeton offense include:

Maryville under Kevin Carroll
St. Thomas, (St. Paul,Minnesota) under John Tauer
Nebraska Wesleyan University under Dale Wellman
Maine Maritime Academy (2017–2024) under Dan McNeely

NAIA

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NAIA colleges that have used the Princeton offense include:

Westmont under John Moore
Covenant under Lance Richardson

NJCAA

NJCAA colleges that have used the Princeton offense include:

Mercer County Community College under Howard Levy, a former Princeton player.
Bergen Community College (Paramus, New Jersey) under Will Caraballo.

High schools

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High school basketball teams that have used the Princeton offense include:

Northridge High School (Johnstown, OH) 2008-2012 under John Wheeler
Oak Forest High School (Oak Forest, IL) 2008-2020 under Matt Manzke
Regent Prep (Tulsa, Oklahoma) under Kerwin Dees

References

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Footnotes

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^"Cappon SHeart Attack: 'Cappy' Dies After Practice At Princeton". Holland Evening Sentinel. 1961-11-30.
^"Red Sarachek Dies At 93, November 16, 2005". MacsLive. Archived fromthe original on September 5, 2012. RetrievedMarch 22, 2010.
^^a ^bPlutnicki, Ken (2009-02-10)."The Quad Q.& A.: Princeton Coach Sydney Johnson".The New York Times. Retrieved2011-03-13.
^Wallace, William N. (1995-02-25)."Carril Demands Versatility".The New York Times. Retrieved2011-11-06.
^DeForest, Lee (2016-12-11)."11 Princeton Offense Rules".Basketball Insight. Retrieved2016-11-06.
^"Division I Records"(PDF).National Collegiate Athletic Association. p. 48. Retrieved2010-09-24.
^"The 10 Greatest March Madness Upsets of All Time".coed.com. Archived fromthe original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved2025-01-18.
^Shelburne, Ramona (November 2, 2012)."Kobe stresses patience with offense".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on November 3, 2012.
^Feigen, Jonathan (October 7, 2007)."Rockets wowed by Adelman's offense".Houston Chronicle. Retrieved6 August 2012.

Sources

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This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(February 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

"Princeton Offense Keeps Hoyas on the Move",Washington Post, Mike Wise, March 23, 2006; Page E12.
"On the Offensive: Inside the Wizards "Princeton Offense"",WashingtonWizards.com, Dave Johnson, December 28, 2006
"Reading (the defense) is fundamental", Fran Fraschilla; ESPN.
DeForest, Lee: "Secrets of the Princeton Offense," Coach Princeton Basketball Archived 2016-12-20 at theWayback Machine
"Hoyas arrive at Atlanta through back door" Randy Hill / Special to FOXSports.com, 3/28/2007^{[permanent dead link]}
"Race and the Georgetown Offense" by Sean Gregory for Time Magazine, March 29, 2007
"Carril Is Yoda to Notion of Perpetual Motion" New York Times, March 30, 2007

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