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Primo Carnera

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian boxer and professional wrestler (1906–1967)
"Ambling Alp" redirects here. For the song by Yeasayer, seeAmbling Alp (song).

Primo Carnera
Personal information
Nicknames
  • Da Preem
  • The Ambling Alp
  • The Gentle Giant
  • The Vast Venetian
  • The Monster
Nationality
  • Italian
  • American
Born(1906-10-26)26 October 1906
Sequals, Italy
Died29 June 1967(1967-06-29) (aged 60)
Sequals, Italy
Height6 ft 6 in (198 cm)
Weight270 lb (122 kg)
Boxing career
Weight class
Reach85 in (216 cm)
StanceOrthodox
Boxing record
Total fights103;[1] with the inclusion ofnewspaper decisions
Wins88 (official); 89 (unofficial)
Win by KO72
Losses14

Primo Carnera (Italian pronunciation:[ˈpriːmokarˈnɛːra];[2] 26 October 1906 – 29 June 1967)The Ambling Alp was the first ItalianHeavyweight Champion boxer, holding the title from 1933 to 1934. He was best known for his immense size and status as one of the most physically imposing heavyweights in boxing history. At 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) tall and weighing more than 275 pounds (125 kg), Carnera became the World Heavyweight Champion after defeatingJack Sharkey by knockout.

Carnera was a major box-office attraction during the 1930s, regularly drawing large crowds due to his sheer size and spectacle. He set many attendance records during the height of theGreat Depression. Later active as aprofessional wrestler and filmactor. Appearing alongsideMax Baer andJack Dempsey in theOscar nominated filmThe Prizefighter and the Lady (1933). Primo's life is crudely mirrored in theHumphrey Bogart filmThe Harder They Fall (1956). He sued the producers forinvasion of privacy but was unsuccessful.[3]

Personal life

[edit]
Carnera with family receiving dual citizenship in August 1953

Primo Carnera was born inSequals, then in theProvince of Udine, now in theProvince of Pordenone,Friuli-Venezia Giulia at the north-easternmost corner of Italy.[4]

On 13 March 1939, Carnera married Giuseppina Kovačič (1913–1980), a post office clerk fromGorizia.[5] In 1953, they received dual citizenship. They settled inLos Angeles, where Carnera opened a restaurant and a liquor store. They had two children, Umberto and Giovanna Maria. Umberto became a medical doctor.[6] Carnera died in 1967 at age 60 in his native town of Sequals, Italy. He died from a combination ofliver disease and complications from diabetes.[7]

Professional boxing career

[edit]

Overview

[edit]

Upon arrival in America, Carnera was first touted as being 7 ft 0 in (2.13 m) tall, and thus the tallest heavyweight in history, but later reporting lists him as low as 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) tall.[8] He fought at over 275 pounds (125 kg).[9] Often listed as 6 feet 6½ inches to draw comparison toJess Willard's record breaking height, Carnera was known to be slightly shorter but around 40 lb (18 kg) heavier and was the heaviest champion in boxing history untilNikolai Valuev in 2005.[10]

Primo Carnera silent newsreel 1933

The average height in Italy was approximately 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) and in the United States 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m),[11] Heavyweights at the time were 175 pounds (79 kg) and up. After Carnera killedErnie Schaaf theNew York Boxing Commission considered a proposal that Carnera would only be sanctioned to fight opponents 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 220 pounds (100 kg) and up, which would have limited him to 10 known opponents.[12]

Early Career / Mob influence and suspicious matches

[edit]

According to boxing historian Herbert Goldman (managing editor ofThe Ring 1978–1987), Carnera was "very much mob controlled."[13] His contract was purchased by mobsterOwney Madden after Carnera's arrival in New York in 1930.Abe Attell was brought in to train Carnera. Attell had been caught up in theBlack Sox Scandal. However Attell was acquitted when he successfully convinced the jury that he was the wrong Abe Attell.[14]

Carnera in 1955

Carnera met his first serious heavyweight contender,Young Stribling, in 1929, and won when Stribling fouled him. In a rematch, he fouled Stribling. Each scoring a victory by disqualification. Commenting on the unsatisfactory conclusion of the two matches, sportswriterRobert Edgren commented "Stribling seems to be playing Carnera the way he has played a lot of palukas and stable mates at different towns in "the sticks" in this country. Always the return engagement."[15]

Carnera was immediately a draw in the United States. 18,500 saw him fight Big Boy Peterson atMadison Square Garden.[16] Carnera won easily in the 1st round.The New York Times noted the absence of betting on the outcome causing skepticism prior to the match. Peterson was counted out while punching himself in the jaw. "Whether to make sure he was knocked out or in an effort to restore his jarred senses could not be ascertained."[17]

A week later against Elzear Rioux the fight lasted only 47 seconds and Rioux was down 6 times. Bob Soderman of theChicago Tribune reported, "Rioux didn't do much fighting..being too intent on doing what he had been hired to do; that is, making sure he fell to the canvas at the slightest provocation." After an investigation, the Illinois Boxing Commission cleared Carnera but fined Rioux $1000 and revoked his license.[1]

In March, 1930, Primo Carnera facedGeorge Trafton in Kansas City. Trafton was knocked out by Carnera in the first round of their fight.[18] In the aftermath of the fight, the Missouri Boxing Commission suspended Trafton but laid no blame on Carnera.[19]

His April 1930 fight against California club fighter Bombo Chevalier ended when one of Chevalier's seconds, Bob Perry, threw in the towel, although it appeared that Chevalier was in no worse condition than Carnera. The match was found to be fixed, Carnera's purse was initially withheld.[20] Chevalier's manager stated "the towel should not have been thrown in." In an investigation, Chevalier said he had been approached earlier about a "fake fight," but had declined. No one had expected the towel to be thrown in.[1] Chevalier also stated that Perry had rubbed him with a sponge that caused his eyes and nose to burn.[21]

In May 1930 theNational Boxing Association suspended Carnera.[22]

His June 1930 match againstGeorge Godfrey was controversial before it began. Seconds were forbidden from throwing in the towel.[23] Godfrey was disqualified in the fifth round when he was clearly getting the better of Carnera.[24][25] In the aftermath, Godfrey lost his boxing license and half his purse, Carnera was cleared.[26]

Primo Carnera on the cover ofTIME. October 5, 1931.

TIME, in a 5 October 1931 cover story on Carnera before he won the heavyweight title, commented on his odd career:[27]

Since his arrival in the US, backed by a group of prosperous but shady entrepreneurs, Carnera's career has been less glorious than fantastic. His first opponents—Big Boy Peterson, Elzear Rioux, Cowboy Owens—were known to be incompetent but their feeble opposition to Carnera suggested that they had been bribed to lose. Suspicion concerning the Monster's abilities became almost universal when another adversary, Bombo Chevalier, stated that one of his own seconds had threatened to kill him unless he lost to Carnera. Against the huge, lazy, amiable George Godfrey (249 lb), he won on a foul. But only one of 33 US opponents has defeated Monster Carnera—fat, slovenly Jimmy Maloney, whom Sharkey beat five years ago. In a return fight, at Miami last March, Carnera managed to outpoint Maloney.

Fair or not. Accusations of fixed fights would follow Carnera for the rest of his career.

Contender

[edit]

In November 1930 he traveled to Spain and defeated Spanish contenderPaulino Uzcudun in front of 75,000-90,000 spectators atBarcelona Olympic Stadium winning by split decision. A record boxing crowd in Spain at the time.[28] Carnera came up short in a decision against future heavyweight championJack Sharkey before 30,000 fans atEbbets Field. Followed that with a win streak that included victories overKing Levinsky,Pierre Charles,Don McCorkindale, andHans Schönrath. He suffered a surprise loss toLarry Gains in front of 70,000 atWhite City Stadium. A record crowd for boxing in Britain at the time.[29]

Carnera training c. 1934

In February 1933, Carnera fought contenderErnie Schaaf in a bout that would earn him a heavyweight title shot if he won. Schaff entered as a slight favorite.[30] The bout was held atMadison Square Garden in New York City.

Primo won by KO in round 13. Schaaf left the ring unconscious and died four days later.[31] An autopsy revealed that Schaaf hadmeningitis, a swelling of the brain, and was still recovering from a severe case ofinfluenza which had briefly hospitalized him during his training camp.[32][33]

Despite Carnera’s knockout of Ernie Schaaf, and Schaaf’s documented poor health before the bout, one narrative portrays Schaaf as never having recovered from a knockout byMax Baer six months earlier. A framing echoed inCinderella Man (2005), “Max Baer's killed two men in the ring.” AndThe Harder They Fall (1956), in which Max Baer, essentially playing himself, is upset about not getting credit, "Your joker tapped him. I did the work and he gets the glory. I don't like it."

World Heavyweight Champion

[edit]

In June 1933 Carnera faced the now world heavyweight championJack Sharkey at theMadison Square Garden Bowl inQueens, New York in front of 40,000. Sharkey had won a decision over Carnera 2 years before, and this seemed to be a safe title defense. At first it seemed like a repeat of their first encounter, before Carnera knocked out Sharkey in round six with "a terrific right hand uppercut to the chin that almost decapitated Sharkey and brought Carnera the title."[34]

He successfully defended his title againstPaulino Uzcudun in front of 55,000-70,000 spectators inRome, in what was the first heavyweight title fight in Italy.[35] Then he defended againstTommy Loughran in what was the greatest weight disparity between fighters in a championship fight in history at the time, 84 pounds (38 kg).

During his championship reign, he starred opposite his next opponentMax Baer in theOscar nominated filmThe Prizefighter and the Lady (1933). In the film, Baer and Carnera's characters fight for the heavyweight title. The two sparred together during filming (reportedly over a dozen rounds), giving Baer extra time to figure out Carnera's fighting style.[36]

In their 1934 bout Baer wore aStar of David on his trunks, underscoring Carnera’s perceived ties toFascist Italy. Carnera had performed thefascist salute for his home crowd during his first title defense, which had includedBenito Mussolini in attendance. Now in his 3rd title defense, back at the familiar Madison Square Garden Bowl. This time in front of 56,000. Carnera was knocked down 3 times in each of the first 2 rounds, but managed to hang around until in the 11th round when referee Arthur Donovon stopped the fight. Down 11 times total. Carnera fractured his right ankle in the defeat.[37]

A statue of the defeated Carnera won thePrix de Rome First Prize in 1934. L'Athlète vaincu by Albert Bouquillon.[38]

After championship

[edit]

After a successful South American tour that took him to Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, Primo was ready for his next big test, a youngJoe Louis. In 1935Mussolini's Italy waspreparing to invadeEthiopia, the last and only independent nation in Africa still ruled by native Africans. Newspapers hyped the political tensions. Joe Louis said, "they put a heavy weight on my twenty year old shoulders. Now, not only did I have to beat the man, but I had to beat him for a cause."[39] AtYankee Stadium in front of 60,000 Louis won by KO in round 6.Maya Angelou writes about this fight inI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.

Two shocking defeats in 1936 by Leroy Haynes left Primo in the hospital for 3 weeks with temporary paralysis in his left leg, caused bythrombosis, a sprained back, and a damaged kidney.[40] In 1937 Carnera, now adiabetic, had to have the kidney removed, which forced him into retirement. After 8 years of retirement he briefly returned to boxing in 1945 with three losses againstLuigi Musina.[5] Carnera's record was 88 wins and 14 losses.

Legacy in boxing

[edit]

A later World (Middleweight) ChampionNino Benvenuti,said "When I was a kid Primo was a legend for me. I saw him as the unbeatable giant in the fairy tales... they used to say he wasn't skillful. That's false. He had one of the best jabs I've ever seen for a boxer of that size."[41]

Carnera was the third European to hold the world heavyweight championship afterBob Fitzsimmons andMax Schmeling. He would be the last untilIngemar Johanssonclaimed the title againstFloyd Patterson in 1959, over a quarter of a century later.

Carnera was also the first boxer to win the European Heavyweight title and subsequently become World Heavyweight champion.

Carnera's 1933 title defense againstTommy Loughran held the record for the greatest weight differential between two combatants in a world title fight (86 lb or 39 kg)[42] for 73 years until the reign ofNikolai Valuev, who owns the current record for the105+12 lb (47.9 kg) weight advantage he held in his 2006 defense againstMonte Barrett.

Valuev also broke Carnera's record of 270 lb (120 kg) to become the heaviest world champion in history, weighing as high as 328 lb (149 kg) during his reign. Carnera still ranks as the fourth-heaviest, behind Valuev,Tyson Fury andAndy Ruiz Jr., over 90 years after he held the title.[10]

Carnera's 1933 title defense againstPaulino Uzcudun in Italy was the first heavyweight title fight to be held in Europe sinceJack Johnson's title defence againstFrank Moran in Paris in 1913. It would be the last such occasion untilMuhammad Ali defended the title againstHenry Cooper in London in 1966. Carnera-Uzcudun was the first World Heavyweight championship fight to be contested between two Europeans. It would be another sixty years, whenLennox Lewis defended theWBC heavyweight title against fellow-EnglishmanFrank Bruno in 1993, that this would occur again.

Carnera's 72 career knockouts is the most of any world heavyweight champion (IBU, NBA, NYSAC).[43]

Professional wrestling career

[edit]

In 1946 he became aprofessional wrestler and was immediately a huge success at the box office. For several years he was one of the top draws in wrestling. Carnera continued to be an attraction into the 1960s. Max Baer attended at least one of Carnera's wrestling matches.[44]

Carnera won his debut against Jules Strongbow inWilmington, California on 20 August 1946. Two days later, he defeated Tommy O'Toole at theGrand Olympic Auditorium before 10,000 fans.[45] On 23 October 1946, Carnera won his 41st consecutive wrestling match by defeatingJules Strongbow.[46] On 19 November 1946, Carnera beat Harry Kruskamp to remain undefeated at 65–0–0. Primo Carnera went 120 straight wrestling matches undefeated (119–0–1) before suffering his first loss toYvon Robert inMontreal, Quebec, Canada, on 20 August 1947. Carnera's greatest victory took place on 7 December 1947 when he defeated former world heavyweight championEd "Strangler" Lewis.

In May 1948, Carnera took a 143–1–1 record against world heavyweight championLou Thesz. Thesz defeated Carnera in a world title defense.

He retired from wrestling in 1962.

Acting career

[edit]
Carnera andAudrey Dalton inCasanova's Big Night (1954)

During his tenure as world champion he played a fictional version of himself in the 1933 filmThe Prizefighter and the Lady starringMyrna Loy featuring fellow boxers Max Baer and Jack Dempsey. He plays the heavyweight champion in a title fight with Baer.[47]

Carnera had a bit part in the 1949 movieMighty Joe Young.[47] He played himself in the tug-of-war scene with the giant gorilla.

He also played a bully boy wrestler inCarol Reed'sA Kid for Two Farthings (1955). Set in London'sPetticoat Lane Market, the film pits Carnera's character against a local bodybuilder who is to marry another character named Sonia, played byDiana Dors.

Primo appeared in at least ten Italian films between 1939 and 1943,[48] as well as several in the 1950s, likePrince Valiant,[49] in the role of Sligon. His last screen role was as the giantAntaeus alongsideSteve Reeves inHercules Unchained (US title, filmed in Italy, 1959, original titleErcole e la regina di Lidia).[50]

Depictions in popular culture

[edit]
Carnera holding a reporter for a close-up shot in 1933

In film

[edit]

Requiem for a Heavyweight,Rod Serling's 1956Emmy Award-winning teleplay forPlayhouse 90 directed byRalph Nelson (who also won an Emmy), focused on down-and-out former heavyweight boxer Harlan "Mountain" McClintock. The travails of McClintock, who was played byJack Palance (Sean Connery played the part on British television andAnthony Quinn essayed the role in the 1962 film), was thought by many boxing fans to resemble Carnera's life.[51]

In 1947, fighting aficionadoBudd Schulberg wroteThe Harder They Fall, a novel about a giant boxer whose fights are all fixed. It was adapted intoMark Robson's 1956 film, which starredHumphrey Bogart andRod Steiger. The towel throwing controversy against Bombo Chevalier is briefly depicted. A highlight was the appearance ofMax Baer, playing a fighter the mob could not fix who destroys the giant in his first fair fight. Critics drew parallels with the real-life Baer-Carnera fight two decades before. In response, Carnera unsuccessfully sued the film's company.

Carnera played himself in the 1949 movieMighty Joe Young.

Carnera was played by Matthew G. Taylor in the 2005 filmCinderella Man, a film about the life of fellow boxerJames J. Braddock.

In 2008, the actor Andrea Iaia played Carnera in the Italian biographical filmCarnera: The Walking Mountain, directed by Renzo Martinelli.

In 2013, Emporio Elaborazioni Meccaniche named a motorbike, the 1983 BMW R80RT Carnera, in honor of Carnera.[52]

In comics

[edit]

In 1947,Carnera, an Italiancomic book series sporting a fictional version of Primo Carnera, was produced.[53] In 1953, it was translated into German.[54] Afacsimile version was published in 2010.[55]

Another popular Italian comic character,Dick Fulmine, was graphically inspired by Carnera.[53]

In literature

[edit]

Carnera is mentioned byBertie Wooster in the 1934 novelRight Ho, Jeeves, byP.G. Wodehouse on p. 234.

In his 1933 collection of short storiesMulliner Nights, Wodehouse described one character as follows: "He was built on large lines, and seemed to fill the room to overflowing. In physique he was not unlike what Primo Carnera would have been if Carnera hadn't stunted his growth by smoking cigarettes when a boy."[56]

Carrera's fight with Walter Neusel is described inOne-storied America by Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov (1937).

Carnera is mentioned by Julian “Digger” Burroughs in the 1982 novelLucifer’s Weekend, byWarren Murphy on p. 81.[57]

Carnera is mentioned in the 1937 novel, The Far Distant Oxus, by Katharine Hull and Pamela Whitlock, during Bridget's dream where their servant was a cross between 'their waterboy out east and Carnera' on p. 274.

Carnera is mentioned in the 1939 pulp fiction story seriesAvenger#1 Justice Inc, byKenneth Robeson on page 59, as an example of a "giant" as the author attempts to describe the physical stature of Algernon Smith - one of Richard Benjamin's future crime fighting allies.

In music

[edit]

Carnera is mentioned inCambalache, a 1934 tango song byEnrique Santos Discépolo that was featured in the musical drama filmThe Soul of the Accordion.

TheYeasayer songAmbling Alp, from their 2010 albumOdd Blood references Carnera by his nickname in the title and second verse. Both Carnera and German boxerMax Schmeling are referenced for their bouts with AmericanJoe Louis.

Professional boxing record

[edit]

All information in this section is derived fromBoxRec,[1] unless otherwise stated.

Official record

[edit]
103 fights88 wins14 losses
By knockout725
By decision147
By disqualification22
Newspaper decisions/draws1

Allnewspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted in the win/loss/draw column.

No.ResultRecordOpponentTypeRound, timeDateLocationNotes
103Loss88–14(1)Luigi MusinaUD1019 May 1946Gorizia, Italy
102Loss88–13(1)Luigi MusinaPTS819 Mar 1946Trieste, Italy
101Loss88–12(1)Luigi MusinaTKO7 (8)21 Nov 1945Milan, Italy
100Win88–11(1)Sam GardnerKO1 (4)25 Sep 1945San Sabba Stadium,Trieste, Italy
99Win87–11(1)Michel BlevensKO3 (4)22 Jul 1945Moretti Stadium,Udine, Italy
98Win86–11(1)Josip ZupanKO2 (10)4 Dec 1937Budapest Zirkus,Budapest, Hungary
97Loss85–11(1)Albert Di MeglioPTS1018 Nov 1937Salle Wagram, Paris, France
96Loss85–10(1)Leroy HaynesTKO9 (10),0:4027 May 1936Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
95Loss85–9(1)Leroy HaynesTKO3 (10),0:5316 Mar 1936Philadelphia Arena, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
94Win85–8(1)Isidoro GastanagaTKO5 (10)6 Mar 1936Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
93Win84–8(1)Big Boy BrackeyTKO4 (10),1:069 Dec 1935Broadway Auditorium, Buffalo, New York, U.S.
92Win83–8(1)Ford SmithUD1025 Nov 1935Philadelphia Arena, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
91Win82–8(1)Walter NeuselTKO4 (10),2:231 Nov 1935Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
90Loss81–8(1)Joe LouisTKO6 (15),2:3225 Jun 1935Yankee Stadium,Bronx, New York, U.S.
89Win81–7(1)Ray ImpelletiereTKO9 (10),0:3815 Mar 1935Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
88Win80–7(1)Erwin KlausnerKO6 (12)22 Jan 1935Estádio das Laranjeiras,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
87Win79–7(1)Seal HarrisKO7 (10)13 Jan 1935Estádio da Floresta,São Paulo, Brazil
86Win78–7(1)Victorio CampoloPTS121 Dec 1934Club Atletico Independiente,Buenos Aires, Argentina
85Loss77–7(1)Max BaerTKO11 (15),2:1614 Jun 1934Madison Square Garden Bowl, Queens, New York, U.S.Lost NYSAC, NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
84Win77–6(1)Tommy LoughranUD151 Mar 1934Madison Square Garden Stadium, Miami, Florida, U.S.Retained NYSAC, NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
83Win76–6(1)Paulino UzcudunUD1522 Oct 1933Piazza di Siena,Rome, ItalyRetainedThe Ring heavyweight title;
Won inauguralIBU world heavyweight title;
WonIBU European heavyweight title
82Win75–6(1)Jack SharkeyKO6 (15),2:2729 Jun 1933Madison Square Garden Bowl,Queens, New York, U.S.Won NYSAC,NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
81Win74–6(1)Ernie SchaafKO13 (15),0:5110 Feb 1933Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.Schaaf died from injuries sustained in the fight.[58]
80Win73–6(1)Young SpenceKO1 (10)30 Dec 1932Fair Park Arena,Dallas, Texas, U.S.
79Win72–6(1)James MerriottKO1 (10)20 Dec 1932City Auditorium,Galveston, Texas, U.S.
78Win71–6(1)Joe RiceKO2 (10)19 Dec 1932Northside Coliseum,Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
77Win70–6(1)KO ChristnerKO4 (10)15 Dec 1932City Auditorium, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
76Win69–6(1)Big Boy PetersonTKO2 (10)13 Dec 1932Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.
75Win68–6(1)King LevinskySD109 Dec 1932Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
74Win67–6(1)John SchwakeKO7 (10),2:162 Dec 1932St. Louis Coliseum, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
73Win66–6(1)José SantaTKO6 (10)18 Nov 1932Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
72Win65–6(1)Les KennedyKO3 (10)4 Nov 1932Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
71Win64–6(1)Jack TaylorKO2 (10),1:5917 Oct 1932Jefferson County Armory,Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
70Win63–6(1)Gene StantonKO6 (10)13 Oct 1932114th Infantry Armory,Camden, New Jersey, U.S.
69Win62–6(1)Ted SandwinaKO4 (10)7 Oct 1932Benjamin Field Arena,Tampa, Florida, U.S.
68Win61–6(1)Art LaskyNWS101 Sep 1932St. Paul Auditorium,St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
67Win61–6Jack GagnonKO1 (10),1:3519 Aug 1932Mark's Stadium,North Tiverton, Rhode Island, U.S.
66Loss60–6Stanley PoredaPTS1016 Aug 1932Dreamland Park, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
65Win60–5Hans BirkieUD102 Aug 1932Queensboro Stadium,Long Island City, New York, U.S
64Win59–5Jerry PavelecTKO5 (10),0:5128 Jul 1932Playgrounds Stadium,West New York, New Jersey, U.S
63Win58–5Jack GrossTKO7 (10),2:5020 Jul 1932Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
62Loss57–5Larry GainsPTS1030 May 1932White City Stadium, London, England
61Win57–4Hans SchönrathTKO3 (10)15 May 1932Stadio San Siro, Milan, Italy
60Win56–4Maurice GriselleTKO10 (10)30 Apr 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
59Win55–4Don McCorkindalePTS107 Apr 1932Royal Albert Hall, London, England
58Win54–4George CookKO4 (10)23 Mar 1932Royal Albert Hall, London, England
57Win53–4Pierre CharlesPTS1029 Feb 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
56Win52–4Ernst GühringTKO5 (10)5 Feb 1932Berlin Sportpalast, Berlin, Germany
55Win51–4Moise BouquillonTKO2 (10)25 Jan 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
54Win50–4Victorio CampoloKO2 (15),1:2727 Nov 1931Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
53Win49–4King LevinskyUD1019 Nov 1931Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
52Loss48–4Jack SharkeyUD1512 Oct 1931Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.For ABA Heavyweight title
51Win48–3Armando De CarolisKO2 (10),1:086 Aug 1931Shellpot Park,Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
50Win47–3Roberto RobertiTKO3 (10),2:254 Aug 1931Dreamland Park, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
49Win46–3Knute HansenKO1 (10),2:1024 Jul 1931Edgerton Park Arena,Rochester, New York, U.S.
48Win45–3Bud GormanKO2 (10),2:3530 Jun 1931Arena Gardens,Toronto, Ontario Canada
47Win44–3Umberto TorrianiKO2 (10),0:4326 Jun 1931Broadway Auditorium,Buffalo, New York, U.S.
46Win43–3Pat RedmondKO1 (10),2:2415 Jun 1931Ebbets Field,Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
45Win42–3Jim MaloneyPTS105 Mar 1931Madison Square Garden Stadium,Miami, Florida, U.S.
44Win41–3Reggie MeenTKO2 (6)18 Dec 1930Royal Albert Hall, London, England
43Win40–3Paulino UzcudunSD1030 Nov 1930Estadio Olímpico de Montjuïc,Barcelona, Spain
42Loss39–3Jim MaloneyPTS107 Oct 1930Boston Garden,Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
41Win39–2Jack GrossKO4 (10)17 Sep 1930Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
40Win38–2Pat McCarthyTKO2 (10),1:168 Sep 1930Newark Velodrome,Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
39Win37–2Riccardo BertazzoloTKO3 (15)30 Aug 1930Atlantic City Auditorium,Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
38Win36–2George CookKO2 (10),1:4429 Jul 1930Taylor Bowl,Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
37Win35–2Bearcat WrightKO4 (10),1:1317 Jul 1930League Park,Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
36Win34–2George GodfreyDQ5 (10),1:1323 Jun 1930Shibe Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
35Win33–2KO ChristnerKO4 (10),1:205 Jun 1930Michigan State Fairgrounds Coliseum,Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
34Win32–2Sam BakerKO1 (10)22 Apr 1930Portland Ice Hippodrome,Portland, Oregon, U.S.
33Win31–2Leon ChevalierTKO6 (10)14 Apr 1930Oakland Baseball Park,Emeryville, California, U.S.
32Win30–2Neil ClisbyKO2 (10),0:408 Apr 1930Olympic Auditorium,Los Angeles, California, U.S.
31Win29–2Jack McAuliffe IIKO1 (10),2:1828 Mar 1930Stockyards Stadium,Denver, Colorado, U.S.
30Win28–2George TraftonKO1 (10),0:5426 Mar 1930Convention Hall,Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.
29Win27–2Frank ZavetaKO1 (10),1:5120 Mar 1930Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
28Win26–2Chuck WigginsKO2 (10)17 Mar 1930St. Louis Arena, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
27Win25–2Sully MontgomeryKO2 (10),1:1511 Mar 1930Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
26Win24–2Roy ClarkKO6 (10),2:383 Mar 1930Philadelphia Arena,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
25Win23–2Farmer LodgeKO2 (10),1:2224 Feb 1930Heinemann Park,New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
24Win22–2Johnny EricksonKO2 (10),1:4517 Feb 1930Coliseum,Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
23Win21–2Jim SigmanKO1 (8),1:3514 Feb 1930Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
22Win20–2Buster MartinKO2 (10),0:5611 Feb 1930St. Louis Arena,St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
21Win19–2Cowboy Billy OwensKO2 (10),2:226 Feb 1930113th Regiment Armory,Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
20Win18–2Elzear RiouxKO1 (10),0:4731 Jan 1930Chicago Stadium,Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
19Win17–2Big Boy PetersonKO1 (10),1:1024 Jan 1930Madison Square Garden,New York City, New York, U.S.
18Win16–2Franz DienerTKO6 (15)17 Dec 1929Royal Albert Hall, London, England
17Loss15–2Young StriblingDQ7 (10)7 Dec 1929Vélodrome d'Hiver, Paris, France
16Win15–1Young StriblingDQ4 (15)18 Nov 1929Royal Albert Hall, London, England
15Win14–1Jack StanleyTKO1 (8)17 Oct 1929Royal Albert Hall,London, England
14Win13–1Hermann JaspersKO3 (10)18 Sep 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
13Win12–1Feodor NikolaeffKO1 (10)30 Aug 1929Garage de Normandie,Dieppe, France
12Win11–1Joe ThomasTKO4 (10)25 Aug 1929Arènes du Rond-Point du Prado,Marseille, France
11Win10–1Jose LeteUD1014 Aug 1929Estadio Municipal de Atocha,San Sebastián, Spain
10Win9–1Jack HumbeeckTKO6 (10)26 Jun 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
9Win8–1Marcel NillesTKO3 (10)30 May 1929Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
8Win7–1Moise BouquillonPTS1022 May 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
7Loss6–1Franz DienerDQ1 (10)28 Apr 1929Messehalle,Leipzig, Germany
6Win6–0Ernst RoesemannTKO5 (8)18 Jan 1929Berlin Sportpalast,Berlin, Germany
5Win5–0Constant BarrickKO3 (10)1 Dec 1928Vélodrome d'Hiver, Paris, France
4Win4–0Epifanio IslasUD1025 Nov 1928Palazzo dello Sport,Milan, Italy
3Win3–0Salvatore RuggirelloTKO4 (10)30 Oct 1928Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
2Win2–0Joe ThomasKO3 (10)25 Sep 1928Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
1Win1–0Leon SebiloTKO2 (10)12 Sep 1928Salle Wagram,Paris, France

Unofficial record

[edit]
103 fights89 wins14 losses
By knockout725
By decision157
By disqualification22

Record with the inclusion ofnewspaper decisions in the win/loss/draw column.

No.ResultRecordOpponentTypeRound, timeDateLocationNotes
103Loss89–14Luigi MusinaUD1019 May 1946Gorizia, Italy
102Loss89–13Luigi MusinaPTS819 Mar 1946Trieste, Italy
101Loss89–12Luigi MusinaTKO7 (8)21 Nov 1945Milan, Italy
100Win89–11Sam GardnerKO1 (4)25 Sep 1945San Sabba Stadium,Trieste, Italy
99Win88–11Michel BlevensKO3 (4)22 Jul 1945Moretti Stadium,Udine, Italy
98Win87–11Josip ZupanKO2 (10)4 Dec 1937Budapest Zirkus,Budapest, Hungary
97Loss86–11Albert Di MeglioPTS1018 Nov 1937Salle Wagram, Paris, France
96Loss86–10Leroy HaynesTKO9 (10),0:4027 May 1936Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
95Loss86–9Leroy HaynesTKO3 (10),0:5316 Mar 1936Philadelphia Arena, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
94Win86–8Isidoro GastanagaTKO5 (10)6 Mar 1936Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
93Win85–8Big Boy BrackeyTKO4 (10),1:069 Dec 1935Broadway Auditorium, Buffalo, New York, U.S.
92Win84–8Ford SmithUD1025 Nov 1935Philadelphia Arena, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
91Win83–8Walter NeuselTKO4 (10),2:231 Nov 1935Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
90Loss82–8Joe LouisTKO6 (15),2:3225 Jun 1935Yankee Stadium,Bronx, New York, U.S.
89Win82–7Ray ImpelletiereTKO9 (10),0:3815 Mar 1935Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
88Win81–7Erwin KlausnerKO6 (12)22 Jan 1935Estádio das Laranjeiras,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
87Win80–7Seal HarrisKO7 (10)13 Jan 1935Estádio da Floresta,São Paulo, Brazil
86Win79–7Victorio CampoloPTS121 Dec 1934Club Atletico Independiente,Buenos Aires, Argentina
85Loss78–7Max BaerTKO11 (15),2:1614 Jun 1934Madison Square Garden Bowl, Queens, New York, U.S.Lost NYSAC, NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
84Win78–6Tommy LoughranUD151 Mar 1934Madison Square Garden Stadium, Miami, Florida, U.S.Retained NYSAC, NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
83Win77–6Paulino UzcudunUD1522 Oct 1933Piazza di Siena,Rome, ItalyRetainedThe Ring heavyweight title;
Won inauguralIBU world heavyweight title;
WonIBU European heavyweight title
82Win76–6Jack SharkeyKO6 (15),2:2729 Jun 1933Madison Square Garden Bowl,Queens, New York, U.S.Won NYSAC,NBA, andThe Ring heavyweight titles
81Win75–6Ernie SchaafKO13 (15),0:5110 Feb 1933Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.Schaaf died from injuries sustained in the fight.[58]
80Win74–6Young SpenceKO1 (10)30 Dec 1932Fair Park Arena,Dallas, Texas, U.S.
79Win73–6James MerriottKO1 (10)20 Dec 1932City Auditorium,Galveston, Texas, U.S.
78Win72–6Joe RiceKO2 (10)19 Dec 1932Northside Coliseum,Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.
77Win71–6KO ChristnerKO4 (10)15 Dec 1932City Auditorium, Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
76Win70–6Big Boy PetersonTKO2 (10)13 Dec 1932Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.
75Win69–6King LevinskySD109 Dec 1932Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
74Win68–6John SchwakeKO7 (10),2:162 Dec 1932St. Louis Coliseum, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
73Win67–6José SantaTKO6 (10)18 Nov 1932Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
72Win66–6Les KennedyKO3 (10)4 Nov 1932Boston Arena, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
71Win65–6Jack TaylorKO2 (10),1:5917 Oct 1932Jefferson County Armory,Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
70Win64–6Gene StantonKO6 (10)13 Oct 1932114th Infantry Armory,Camden, New Jersey, U.S.
69Win63–6Ted SandwinaKO4 (10)7 Oct 1932Benjamin Field Arena,Tampa, Florida, U.S.
68Win62–6Art LaskyNWS101 Sep 1932St. Paul Auditorium,St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
67Win61–6Jack GagnonKO1 (10),1:3519 Aug 1932Mark's Stadium,North Tiverton, Rhode Island, U.S.
66Loss60–6Stanley PoredaPTS1016 Aug 1932Dreamland Park, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
65Win60–5Hans BirkieUD102 Aug 1932Queensboro Stadium,Long Island City, New York, U.S
64Win59–5Jerry PavelecTKO5 (10),0:5128 Jul 1932Playgrounds Stadium,West New York, New Jersey, U.S
63Win58–5Jack GrossTKO7 (10),2:5020 Jul 1932Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
62Loss57–5Larry GainsPTS1030 May 1932White City Stadium, London, England
61Win57–4Hans SchönrathTKO3 (10)15 May 1932Stadio San Siro, Milan, Italy
60Win56–4Maurice GriselleTKO10 (10)30 Apr 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
59Win55–4Don McCorkindalePTS107 Apr 1932Royal Albert Hall, London, England
58Win54–4George CookKO4 (10)23 Mar 1932Royal Albert Hall, London, England
57Win53–4Pierre CharlesPTS1029 Feb 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
56Win52–4Ernst GühringTKO5 (10)5 Feb 1932Berlin Sportpalast, Berlin, Germany
55Win51–4Moise BouquillonTKO2 (10)25 Jan 1932Palais des Sports, Paris, France
54Win50–4Victorio CampoloKO2 (15),1:2727 Nov 1931Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, U.S.
53Win49–4King LevinskyUD1019 Nov 1931Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
52Loss48–4Jack SharkeyUD1512 Oct 1931Ebbets Field, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.For ABA heavyweight title
51Win48–3Armando De CarolisKO2 (10),1:086 Aug 1931Shellpot Park,Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.
50Win47–3Roberto RobertiTKO3 (10),2:254 Aug 1931Dreamland Park, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
49Win46–3Knute HansenKO1 (10),2:1024 Jul 1931Edgerton Park Arena,Rochester, New York, U.S.
48Win45–3Bud GormanKO2 (10),2:3530 Jun 1931Arena Gardens,Toronto, Ontario Canada
47Win44–3Umberto TorrianiKO2 (10),0:4326 Jun 1931Broadway Auditorium,Buffalo, New York, U.S.
46Win43–3Pat RedmondKO1 (10),2:2415 Jun 1931Ebbets Field,Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
45Win42–3Jim MaloneyPTS105 Mar 1931Madison Square Garden Stadium,Miami, Florida, U.S.
44Win41–3Reggie MeenTKO2 (6)18 Dec 1930Royal Albert Hall, London, England
43Win40–3Paulino UzcudunSD1030 Nov 1930Estadio Olímpico de Montjuïc,Barcelona, Spain
42Loss39–3Jim MaloneyPTS107 Oct 1930Boston Garden,Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
41Win39–2Jack GrossKO4 (10)17 Sep 1930Chicago Stadium, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
40Win38–2Pat McCarthyTKO2 (10),1:168 Sep 1930Newark Velodrome,Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
39Win37–2Riccardo BertazzoloTKO3 (15)30 Aug 1930Atlantic City Auditorium,Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
38Win36–2George CookKO2 (10),1:4429 Jul 1930Taylor Bowl,Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
37Win35–2Bearcat WrightKO4 (10),1:1317 Jul 1930League Park,Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
36Win34–2George GodfreyDQ5 (10),1:1323 Jun 1930Shibe Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
35Win33–2KO ChristnerKO4 (10),1:205 Jun 1930Michigan State Fairgrounds Coliseum,Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
34Win32–2Sam BakerKO1 (10)22 Apr 1930Portland Ice Hippodrome,Portland, Oregon, U.S.
33Win31–2Leon ChevalierTKO6 (10)14 Apr 1930Oakland Baseball Park,Emeryville, California, U.S.
32Win30–2Neil ClisbyKO2 (10),0:408 Apr 1930Olympic Auditorium,Los Angeles, California, U.S.
31Win29–2Jack McAuliffe IIKO1 (10),2:1828 Mar 1930Stockyards Stadium,Denver, Colorado, U.S.
30Win28–2George TraftonKO1 (10),0:5426 Mar 1930Convention Hall,Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.
29Win27–2Frank ZavetaKO1 (10),1:5120 Mar 1930Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.
28Win26–2Chuck WigginsKO2 (10)17 Mar 1930St. Louis Arena, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
27Win25–2Sully MontgomeryKO2 (10),1:1511 Mar 1930Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
26Win24–2Roy ClarkKO6 (10),2:383 Mar 1930Philadelphia Arena,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
25Win23–2Farmer LodgeKO2 (10),1:2224 Feb 1930Heinemann Park,New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
24Win22–2Johnny EricksonKO2 (10),1:4517 Feb 1930Coliseum,Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.
23Win21–2Jim SigmanKO1 (8),1:3514 Feb 1930Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
22Win20–2Buster MartinKO2 (10),0:5611 Feb 1930St. Louis Arena,St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
21Win19–2Cowboy Billy OwensKO2 (10),2:226 Feb 1930113th Regiment Armory,Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
20Win18–2Elzear RiouxKO1 (10),0:4731 Jan 1930Chicago Stadium,Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
19Win17–2Big Boy PetersonKO1 (10),1:1024 Jan 1930Madison Square Garden,New York City, New York, U.S.
18Win16–2Franz DienerTKO6 (15)17 Dec 1929Royal Albert Hall, London, England
17Loss15–2Young StriblingDQ7 (10)7 Dec 1929Vélodrome d'Hiver, Paris, France
16Win15–1Young StriblingDQ4 (15)18 Nov 1929Royal Albert Hall, London, England
15Win14–1Jack StanleyTKO1 (8)17 Oct 1929Royal Albert Hall,London, England
14Win13–1Hermann JaspersKO3 (10)18 Sep 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
13Win12–1Feodor NikolaeffKO1 (10)30 Aug 1929Garage de Normandie,Dieppe, France
12Win11–1Joe ThomasTKO4 (10)25 Aug 1929Arènes du Rond-Point du Prado,Marseille, France
11Win10–1Jose LeteUD1014 Aug 1929Estadio Municipal de Atocha,San Sebastián, Spain
10Win9–1Jack HumbeeckTKO6 (10)26 Jun 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
9Win8–1Marcel NillesTKO3 (10)30 May 1929Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
8Win7–1Moise BouquillonPTS1022 May 1929Salle Wagram, Paris, France
7Loss6–1Franz DienerDQ1 (10)28 Apr 1929Messehalle,Leipzig, Germany
6Win6–0Ernst RoesemannTKO5 (8)18 Jan 1929Berlin Sportpalast,Berlin, Germany
5Win5–0Constant BarrickKO3 (10)1 Dec 1928Vélodrome d'Hiver, Paris, France
4Win4–0Epifanio IslasUD1025 Nov 1928Palazzo dello Sport,Milan, Italy
3Win3–0Salvatore RuggirelloTKO4 (10)30 Oct 1928Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
2Win2–0Joe ThomasKO3 (10)25 Sep 1928Cirque de Paris, Paris, France
1Win1–0Leon SebiloTKO2 (10)12 Sep 1928Salle Wagram,Paris, France

Championships and accomplishments

[edit]

Boxing

[edit]

Professional wrestling

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcd"BoxRec:Primo Carnera". BoxRec. Retrieved29 September 2023.
  2. ^Luciano Canepari."Carnera".DiPI Online (in Italian). Retrieved13 January 2021.
  3. ^"CHARGES STUDIO WITH FOUL: EX-BOXER SUES COLUMBIA FOR $1,500,000 DAMAGES OVER 'THE HARDER THEY FALL' MILLAND SIGNED FOR 'STOCKADE' OF LOCAL ORIGIN". New York Times. 1 May 1956. Retrieved13 August 2025.
  4. ^Page 2010, p. 5.
  5. ^abPage 2010, p. 179.
  6. ^Page 2010, p. 212.
  7. ^Page 2010, pp. 7, 214.
  8. ^"Primo Carnera – Boxrec Boxing Encyclopaedia". Boxrec.com. Retrieved19 November 2012.
  9. ^"Primo Carnera".www.cyberboxingzone.com. Retrieved15 December 2024.
  10. ^abPage 2010, p. 209.
  11. ^Steckel, Richard H."A History of the Standard of Living in the United States". Retrieved20 March 2015.
  12. ^Page 2010, p. 106.
  13. ^Bodner, Alan (1997).When Boxing Was a Jewish Sport. Praeger Publishers. p. 133.ISBN 978-0275953539.
  14. ^Sussman, Jeffrey (8 May 2019).Boxing and the Mob: The Notorious History of the Sweet Science. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.ISBN 978-1538113158.
  15. ^Edgren, Robert (21 December 1929). "As Edgren Sees It - Young Stribling Gets Only 50-50 Break in Attempt to Grab Off Carnera in Europe". The Oregonian.
  16. ^Page 2010, p. 220.
  17. ^Dawson, James P. (25 January 1929)."20,000 see Carnera Win By a Knockout".The New York Times.ProQuest 99047615. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  18. ^"Carnera Floors Trafton In Single Round".Eugene Register Guard. Associated Press. 27 March 1930. p. 10. Retrieved28 February 2011.
  19. ^"Trafton Suspended".The Lewiston Daily Sun. Associated Press. 28 March 1930. p. 19. Retrieved28 February 2011.
  20. ^Johnston, Chuck."Famous 'fixes' in boxing history..." BoxRec. Retrieved16 May 2012.
  21. ^"California Ring Board to Continue Investigation". The Oregon Journal. 16 April 1930.
  22. ^"PRIMO CARNERA SUSPENDED: Action Follows Investigation of Knockouts by N.B.A."The New York Times. 17 May 1930. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  23. ^"CARNERA TO FIGHT GODFREY TONIGHT".The New York Times. 17 May 1930.ProQuest 98918577. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  24. ^"Primo Carnera vs. George Godfrey". BoxingRec. Retrieved16 May 2012.
  25. ^Dawson, James P. (24 June 1930)."CARNERA IS WINNER ON GODFREY'S FOUL".The New York Times.ProQuest 98910916. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  26. ^"GODFREY'S LICENSE REVOKED BY BOARD: His $10,000 Purse Is Cut in Half as Aftermath of Foul in Carnera Bout".The New York Times. 25 June 1930.ProQuest 98939453. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  27. ^"Time Magazine Cover: Primo Carnera". Time. 5 October 1931. Archived fromthe original on 6 April 2008. Retrieved16 May 2012.
  28. ^Page 2010, p. 60.
  29. ^"Larry Gains Beats Carnera on Points as 70,000 Look On",The Gazette (Montreal), 31 May 1932, p. 11.
  30. ^"CARNERA IS SIGNED TO BOX SHARKEY: ITALIAN WILL GET CHANCE AT TITLE IF HE BEATS SCHAAF IN GARDEN TONIGHT. BUT RIVAL IS FAVORED BOSTONLAN IS CHOICE TO WIN AT ODDS OF 7 TO 5 -- CIULLO-BRUNO ON BROOKLYN CARD". New York Times. 10 February 1933. Retrieved10 August 2025.
  31. ^Page 2010, p. 100.
  32. ^Johnson, Catherine (2007)."FAQs".www.maxbaer.org. Archived fromthe original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved26 November 2018.
  33. ^Hunnicutt, Michael (5 April 2005)."Max Baer and the Death of Ernie Schaaf".International Boxing Research Organization. Archived fromthe original on 19 April 2007. Retrieved26 November 2018.
  34. ^Page 2010, p. 117.
  35. ^Page 2010, p. 127.
  36. ^Page 2010, p. 133.
  37. ^"X-Ray Examination Reveals That Camera Fractured Ankle Bone in Bout With Baer: CARNERA SUFFERED FRACTURE OF ANKLE".The New York Times. 17 June 1934.ProQuest 100913674. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  38. ^"Statue of Carnera Wins Prize".The New York Times. 14 July 1934.ProQuest 101111135. Retrieved4 October 2023.
  39. ^Page 2010, p. 158.
  40. ^Page 2010, p. 174.
  41. ^Page 2010, p. 196.
  42. ^"Tommy Loughran Dies at 79".The New York Times. 10 July 1982. Retrieved6 July 2017.
  43. ^"All-Time List: Most Career KOs By a Heavyweight Champ".Boxing Scene. 3 March 2012. Retrieved6 July 2017.
  44. ^"The Strange Case of Carnera, By Jack Sher,Sport, February 1948". Archived fromthe original on 5 January 2011. Retrieved2 March 2010.
  45. ^Page, Joseph S. (2014).Primo Carnera: The Life and Career of the Heavyweight Boxing Champion. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co. p. 187.ISBN 978-0786457861.On August 16th Primo was granted a California wrestling license and four days later he met and defeated Jules Strongbow in Wilmington, California. He would meet the Oklahoman at least 10 more times in the next several years. Two days later, Carnera defeated long-time wrestling legend Tommy O'Toole in front of 10,000 fans at Los Angeles in front of 10,000 fans at Los Angeles' Olympic Auditorium and his career was off and running.
  46. ^Page 2010, p. 187.
  47. ^abPage 2010, p. 189.
  48. ^"Primo Carnera".IMDb.
  49. ^"Prince Valiant". 5 April 1954 – via IMDb.
  50. ^"Hercules Unchained". 13 July 1960 – via IMDb.
  51. ^Donelson, Tom; Lotierzo, Frank (2004).More Tales From Ringside. iUniverse. p. 125.ISBN 0-595-30588-1.
  52. ^Holly (3 August 2013)."The Carnera by Emporio Elaborazioni Meccaniche".
  53. ^abMaria Grazia Perini. "Carnera".Enciclopedia Mondiale del Fumetto. Editoriale Corno, 1978. p.238.
  54. ^"Primo Carnera". Retrieved27 October 2014.Auch als Comicheld hatte Carnera "Karriere" gemacht: Von 1953 bis 1954 erschien im Walter Lehning Verlag, Hannover, mit insgesamt 46 Heften die (ursprünglich aus Italien stammende) Piccolo-Serie "CARNERA"
  55. ^"Primo Carnera". Retrieved27 October 2014.Die Carnera-Beilage in der "Sprechblase"
  56. ^Sherrin, Ned (Ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Humorous Quotations, Oxford University Press, 2012.
  57. ^Murphy, Warren, Lucifer’s Weekend, Pocket Books, 1982.
  58. ^ab"Ernie Schaaf".boxrec.com.

Bibliography

[edit]

External links

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Sporting positions
World boxing titles
Preceded by NYSAC heavyweight champion
June 29, 1933 – June 14, 1934
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June 29, 1933 – June 14, 1934
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June 29, 1933 – June 14, 1934
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