| Prestwich | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Prestwich Location withinGreater Manchester | |
| Population | 31,500 |
| OS grid reference | SD814034 |
| • London | 166 mi (267 km) SE |
| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MANCHESTER |
| Postcode district | M25 |
| Dialling code | 0161 |
| Police | Greater Manchester |
| Fire | Greater Manchester |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Prestwich (/ˈprɛstwɪtʃ/PREST-witch) is a town in theMetropolitan Borough of Bury,Greater Manchester, England,[1] three miles (five kilometres) north ofManchester, three miles (five kilometres) north ofSalford and five miles (eight kilometres) south ofBury.
Within the boundaries of thehistoric county ofLancashire, Prestwich was the seat of the ancient parish ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham, centred around theGrade I listedChurch of St Mary the Virgin. In recent times, it has grown in popularity as a commuter town of Manchester, being consistently named one of the best places to live in the UK byThe Sunday Times,[2][3] and has been nicknamed the 'newDidsbury'[2][4] in comparison with the affluent suburb in the south of the city.
The oldest part of Prestwich, around Bury New Road, is known as Prestwich Village. There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich which, together with neighbouringWhitefield,Broughton andCrumpsall, makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.
Prestwich is possibly ofOld English origin, derived frompreost andwic, which translates to the priest's farm.[5] Another possible derivation is priest's retreat. Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm.[6]The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.[7]
Bury New Road roughly follows the line of aRoman road connecting forts atMamucium (Manchester) andBremetennacum (Ribchester). It is possible that a Roman fort or encampment was built at "Castle Hill", near theSalford border, mirroring an encampment on Rainsough Hill equidistant from the Roman road.[8] John Booker B.A., 19th century author and curate of the parish church, considered these were agrarian camps built to protect cattle kept in the woods ofBroughton andKersal.[9] The camp was "just to the right of the old road to Bury, immediately beyond Singleton Brook, on the first field in the Parish of Prestwich, which was formerly known as Lowcaster". Roman coins have been found off Bury New Road, near Prestwich Golf Course and some inPrestwich Clough.
A hoard of 65 silver coins from the reign ofKing Stephen was found in theSedgley Park area in 1972.[10][11] The Prestwich manor emerged in theMiddle Ages and in 1212 was assessed as fouroxgang of land held by Adam de Prestwich whose father, Robert held it in 1193. Thelord of the manor held theadvowson for the church. Another Adam de Prestwich settled the manors of Prestwich,Alkrington andPendlebury on his son John in 1297 but remarried and in 1313 settled the same manors on Thomas de Prestwich, his son by second wife. Thomas de Prestwich had daughters, Margaret who became anun atSeaton Priory in 1360, but left the convent to marry Robert de Holland, and Agnes who married John de Radcliffe but died childless in 1362. Thomas de Prestwich granted his manors to Richard de Radcliffe for life and after that the manor was held by Richard de Langley. In 1371 Robert de Holland claimed the manor as the right of his wife. Roger de Langley was a minor and ward of the Duke of Lancaster in 1372 when Robert de Holland and a troop of armed men took possession of the manor by force and retained it until 1389. The Langleys regained the manor after 1403.[7]
After Sir Robert Langley's death in 1561 the manor passed to his daughter Margaret, who married John Reddish. Their granddaughter Sarah married Clement Coke and the manor descended in the Coke family, until 1777, when Thomas William Coke,Coke of Norfolk, a leader in theagricultural revolution sold the land in Prestwich to increase his Norfolk estates. The manor was acquired by Peter Drinkwater of Irwell House in 1794 and it descended to his son Thomas who died in 1861. Irwell House andDrinkwater Park was sold to Salford Corporation and Prestwich Council. In 1561 other lands went to Sir Robert's other daughters. Polefield, on higher ground to the north of Prestwich, became a separate estate, with Polefield Hall coming in the 19th century to theEarls of Wilton.[7]
In thehearth tax of 1666 there were 97 hearths in the township, the rector's house was the largest with ten.[7] In the 17th and 18th centuries local government was based on the parish structure. The lord of the manor administeredland tenure andinheritance, but law and order was kept by parish constables assisted by the church wardens. The local justices sat in the "Star Chamber" in the Ostrich Inn, now the Church Inn, close to the parish church where the justices' seat can still be seen.[12] The village had stocks which remained in use until 1800.[7]
The settlement grew to serve the parish church making Church Lane the historic centre.[13] In the late 18th century the area was mainly rural with scattered farms and small settlements grew at Great and Little Heaton. The population was estimated at 670. Rooden Lane which became part of Bury Old Road was a centre for hand loom weaving and atSimister and neighbouringBowlee, silk weaving was established. During the 19th century another settlement grew around the junction of Fairfax Road and Bury New Road along with another village centre on Bury Old Road. The area between these centres remained rural, however, the arrival of the railway in 1881 encouraged affluent merchants from Manchester to build villas and move to the town.[13]
Prestwich Hospital was built as anasylum in 1851 and by 1900 it had grown into the largest asylum in Europe.[13] Sedgley Park Teacher Training College was established in Prestwich after the Faithful Companions of Jesus bought a house to accommodate it in 1903.[14] WhenMike Leigh was a lecturer at the Catholic women teachers' training collegeSedgley Park he devised and directed two big-cast projects for theManchester Youth Theatre:Big Basil andGlum Victoria and the Lad with Specs.[15] The National Archives holds records relating to the college.[16]
By 1912 the population had increased to 12,800, and from the 1930s onwards the remaining fields were developed and by 1961 the population reached 31,000 and Prestwich had become a suburb of Manchester.[13]
Prestwich, together with Whitefield and Radcliffe, is part of the marginalBury South Parliamentaryconstituency, which has been represented by MPChristian Wakeford since 2019. Wakeford stood as a Conservative and gained the seat fromthe Labour Party by 402 votes, which at the time made it one of the most marginal seats in the country. However, he defected to Labour in January 2022.[17]
OnBury Council, Prestwich is served by three wards, St Mary's, covering the western half of the town, Holyrood covering the north-east, and Sedgeley to the south. In previous years, they have been represented by all three major political parties, but since the2023 local elections, all nine seats across the three wards are held by Labour.
Historically, Prestwich was theecclesiastical centre ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham anancient parish in theSalford Hundred ofLancashire.[18][19] A PrestwichPoor Law Union was established in 1850, and later merged with the Manchester one in 1915 before being abolished in 1930.[20]
In 1867 the Prestwich Local Board of Health was established which, as a result of theLocal Government Act 1894, became PrestwichUrban District, to which parts of Great and Little Heaton townships were added. In 1903, Heaton Park was added to the City of Manchester, and in 1933, part of the urban district west of the Irwell was added to Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District. Prestwich became amunicipal borough in 1939, with the council based atPrestwich Town Hall.[21] Under theLocal Government Act 1972 it became anunparished area in theMetropolitan Borough of Bury in Greater Manchester,[1] taking effect on 1 April 1974.
Prestwich lies to the east of theRiver Irwell and is bounded on the north by Whitefield, on the east byHeaton Park, to the west by the Prestwich Forest Park and theIrwell Valley (Agecroft andClifton) and to the south by theCity of Salford. The two main north–south roads passing from centralManchester to Bury, Bury New Road (A56) and Bury Old Road, traverse the district.[22]
The geology of the area is characterised bycarboniferouscoal measures of theManchester Coalfield andsandstone appertaining to the Carboniferous Westphalian C geological age. This is overlain withquaternaryglacial drift comprising sand, gravel andboulder clay.[23]
The2021 census estimated the population of Prestwich at 31,500.[24]
| Year | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1939 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 8,627 | 10,485 | 12,839 | 17,195 | 18,750 | 23,881 | 32,594 | 34,466 | 34,191 | 32,825 | ||
Prestwich CP/Tn[25] | ||||||||||||
The high street of Prestwich is centred around the Longfield Centre. The centre, which includes the now-closed Longfield Suite, local library andNHS drop-in centre, is due to be "regenerated" with £100m worth of development work starting in 2024.[26] According to the Sunday Times, the area is an "interesting mix of old and new",[27] with various more upmarket bars and restaurants alongside traditional venues. Many of the local pubs are run byJoseph Holt, and the brewery's first cask ale festival was hosted in the Woodthorpe pub in 2023.[28]
In the Sedgley Park area, there are a number of kosher restaurants and delis.
Prestwich is now considered to be an affluent area and has been called the "Didsbury of North Manchester".[29]
Public transport in Prestwich is coordinated byTransport for Greater Manchester. It has good transport links toManchester city centre, Bury and other parts of Greater Manchester.
Prestwich is served by four tram stations on theManchester Metrolink line from Manchester to Bury, atBesses o' th' Barn on the Whitefield border to the north,Prestwich in the centre of the village,Heaton Park in the centre-east andBowker Vale on theBlackley border to the south-east. There are a number of parking spaces at the Besses and Prestwich, stops, however, the nearest dedicated park-and-ride station is at Whitefield with over 200 spaces.[30] The metrolink line was originally a train line, with Prestwich station first built byLancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1879.[31]
Bury New Road is the main road through the centre of the town. Buses on the road operate between Prestwich and central Manchester and Bury, with high frequency services operated byGo North West Local bus routes link the village to northern areas ofSalford includingPendlebury,Swinton,Monton andEccles.The Lancashire Way andThe Witch Way express services link Prestwich to Manchester,Burnley andPendle. The road was first constructed by a turnpike trust in 1826.[31]
Bury New Road also intersects theM60 motorway at Junction 17, the Whitefield Interchange, a short distance north of the centre of Prestwich.[32]
![Arts and Crafts, grade II listed building on Hilton Lane, built c. 1880[33]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aRookwood_Wrenwood.jpg)
Richard Buxton (1786–1865), a shoemaker born at Sedgley Hall Farm[7] published a botanical guide to the plants found around the Manchester area in 1849.[34] In the early 20th century James Cosmo Melvill wrote thatKersal Moor, Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, the Park and Hurst Clough were the homes of most of the interesting plants. Many other noted local botanists had studied the area includingLeo Grindon and Thomas Rogers.[35]
In 1906 nine acres (3.6 hectares) of land were given to the Prestwich Urban District Council by William Gardner, a further thirteen acres (5.3 hectares) were purchased and the "sylvan and beautiful" Prestwich Clough was opened to the public as a place of recreation.[36]
Prestwich Forest Park consists of 200 hectares (500 acres) of land on the western side of Prestwich incorporating,Philips Park, Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, Waterdale Meadow andDrinkwater Park.
Much of the area of the park was industrialised during the 18th and 19th centuries but has been reclaimed with extensive woodlands, reservoirs and grasslands. While this area has become a haven for wildlife, there are still remnants of the area's industrial past. Philips Park has been designated as aLocal Nature Reserve (LNR) and Prestwich Clough as aSite of Biological Importance (SBI) due to the important contribution they make to the wildlife heritage ofGreater Manchester. TheIrwell Sculpture Trail, the Irwell Valley Way and aNational Cycle Route all pass through the park. The "Friends of Prestwich Forest Park" and theBTCV co-ordinate volunteer activities and events such as the Prestwich Clough Centenary Celebrations.[37][38] The renovated Philips Park Barn which has become a majorenvironmental education and countryside centre for the borough and is used by a number of local groups .[39]
Prestwich has four secondary schools:The Heys School,St Monica's High School,Parrenthorn High School andManchester Mesivta School. Two of these are faith schools, with St Monica's being Catholic and Mesivta Jewish. St Monica's featured a Sixth Form centre offering vocational courses from 2011 but the centre was closed down in 2017, so for both A-level and vocational studies the nearest tertiary education providers are both in Bury,Holy Cross College andBury College.
TheParish Church of St Mary the Virgin is aGrade I listed building and was at the centre of the ancientecclesiastical parish ofPrestwich-cum-Oldham that extended beyond the township boundaries. It is known that it had arector by 1200.[7] Parts of the present building date from around 1500, although extensions were made at the end of the 19th century. For a time in the 19th century, the church was referred to asSt Bartholomew's. Thechurch wakes were traditionally held around St Bartholomew's Day. The living of Prestwich was suspended by theDiocese of Manchester in 2002. A priest-in-charge, The Revd. Bryan Hackett, residing in the rectory, was appointed.
The foundation stone ofSt Margaret's Church was laid nearHeaton Park in 1849. Founded as a chapel of ease to the parish church, it became a parish church in its own right in 1885.[40] The church was built as aCommissioners' Church to a design by Travis & Mangnall at a cost of £2,000[41] and was extended in 1863, 1871, 1884, 1888 and 1899. A feature of the church is theArts and Crafts Movement oak carvedreredos,choir stalls,rood screen, panelling, pulpit, bishop's chair and altar rails by Arthur Simpson ofKendal, widely believed to be the finest collection of his ecclesiastical work. Other Anglican churches in the area include churches dedicated toSt Gabriel (built 1933–4,[41]St Hilda (1903–04)[41] andSt George (1915).[42]
There are cemeteries at the parish church and St Margaret's.
TheRoman Catholic Church had a resurgence in late Victorian times.Mass was celebrated in 1889 for the first time since theReformation. The present Catholic church, dedicated toOur Lady of Grace, was opened in 1931 and consecrated in 1956.
There are twoMethodist churches, Heaton Park Methodist Church and Prestwich Methodist Church. TheCongregational Church on Bailey Street was originally based in a building designed byAlfred Waterhouse in 1864 and was joined by a school, also by Waterhouse, in 1865.[41] In 2006, the Waterhouse church was redeveloped as flats and a new church (by Z Architecture and Design) was built on an adjacent site.[43]
The migration of Jewish families, mainly from the nearbyCheetham area of Manchester andBroughton Park inSalford, and the later arrival of Muslims into this urban area, resulted in synagogues, such asHeaton Park Hebrew Congregation,[44] and mosques being constructed alongside Christian places of worship. There are Jewish cemeteries at Philips Park Cemetery, Prestwich Village Cemetery was used from 1841 to 1951, and Rainsough Cemetery from 1923. According toPevsner, the 1934 Holy Law Synagogue was the first "purpose-built" synagogue in Prestwich.[45]
The most successfulAssociation football team representing Prestwich isPrestwich Heys A.F.C., who play in theNorth West Counties Football League, level nine in theEnglish football league system. Other local teams include Prestwich F.C., Prestwich Marauders F.C., and Bury Amateurs.
Prestwich Cricket, Tennis & Bowling Club is located near PrestwichMetrolink station. It is one of the oldest clubs in the Manchester area, and was the first multi-sports club in the UK to achieve Clubmark or equivalent accreditations in all its official sporting sections.[46] The club hascricket,crown green bowling, tennis andfootball facilities and a clubhouse.
Golf is played at Prestwich Golf Club, and crown green bowling in St. Mary's Park. Both are also found at the nearby Heaton Park, where the bowling greens were built for the2002 Commonwealth Games.
The Prestwich and Whitefield Guide andThe Bury Times are sold in the locality. TheJewish Telegraph is produced and printed in Prestwich.
The Longfield Centre civic hall, which previously had one of the largestsprung floor ballrooms in the north-west of England, was permanently closed in 2021.[47]
There are several private members' clubs in the town, including Prestwich Church Institute, the Carlton Club, and two political clubs - PrestwichConservative Club and PrestwichLiberal Club.
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