Presidente Prudente | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
| The Municipality of Presidente Prudente | |
 | |
.jpg) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
| Motto: | |
 Location of Presidente Prudente | |
  Presidente Prudente | |
| Coordinates:22°07′33″S51°23′20″W / 22.12583°S 51.38889°W /-22.12583; -51.38889 | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State |  São Paulo |
| Established | 14 September 1917 (1917-09-14) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Milton Carlos de Mello[1] (Republicans) |
| Area | |
• Municipality | 562.794 km2 (217.296 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 16.5 km2 (6.4 sq mi) |
| • Rank | SP: 139th |
| Elevation | 475 m (1,558 ft) |
| Population | |
• Municipality | 225,668 |
• Estimate (2024[4]) | 234,083 |
| • Rank | SP: 36th |
| • Density | 400.978/km2 (1,038.53/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Prudentino |
| Time zone | UTC-3 (UTC-3) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 (UTC-2) |
| Postal Code | 19000-000 |
| Area code | +55 (18) |
| Neighboring municipalities | North:Flora Rica,Flórida Paulista, andMariápolis; South:Anhumas andPirapozinho; East:Caiabu,Indiana, andRegente Feijó; West:Álvares Machado,Alfredo Marcondes, andSanto Expedito. |
| Distance to capital | 558 km (347 mi)[5][6] |
| Administrative districts | Ameliópolis, Eneida, Floresta do Sul, Montalvão, and Presidente Prudente (seat). |
| Climate | Tropical |
| Climate classification | Aw |
| HDI (UNDP/2010)[7] | 0.806 |
| HDI rank | SP: 13th |
| GDP per capita (IBGE/2011)[8] | R$21,528.45 |
| Website | www |
Presidente Prudente is aBrazilian municipality located in theinterior ofSão Paulo, approximately 558 kilometers (347 miles) from the state capital,São Paulo.
According to the 2024 estimate by theBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Presidente Prudente has a population of 234,083 inhabitants,[9] with a floating population of 402,000 inhabitants,[4] making it the40th most populous municipality in São Paulo. The municipality covers a territorial area of 560.637 km².[10]
The municipality comprises the seat and the districts of Ameliópolis, Eneida, Floresta do Sul, and Montalvão,[11][12] which are subdivided into 255 neighborhoods.
Presidente Prudente was emancipated from Conceição de Monte Alegre (nowParaguaçu Paulista) in the early 1920s.[13] Its name honors the former Brazilian presidentPrudente de Morais (1841–1902), who was a lawyer and politician, serving as the first governor of São Paulo during the Republic (1889–1890).
Today, the city is a major industrial, cultural, and service hub in western São Paulo, earning the nickname "Capital of Western São Paulo." According to a study by theGetúlio Vargas Foundation, it ranks as the 27th most promising city in Brazil for building a professional career.
Industrialization in the city began in the mid-1930s, spurred by the economic crisis of 1929, which prompted the exploration of new economic activities. In addition to industry,cotton cultivation was also significant.
The municipality boasts a rich cultural tradition, encompassing crafts, theater, music, and sports. The main football club isGrêmio Desportivo Prudente, which plays at theEstádio Paulo Constantino (Prudentão). Other notable landmarks include the Parque do Povo and the Teatro Municipal Procópio Ferreira, alongside other theaters and small parks.
The area now known as the western region of São Paulo was originally inhabited by indigenousXavante,Kaingang, andGuarani/Pai Tavytera populations.
The territory was characterized by forests on reddish purple soils andgrasslands on other soil types. The rise of urban markets inMinas Gerais led wilderness explorers to settle in the region, investing in cattle ranching. This need for land control sparked conflicts with the region's indigenous peoples.
As gold reserves in Minas Gerais dwindled, a significant migratory wave moved toward São Paulo. This migration intensified as many from Minas Gerais fled conscription for theParaguayan War, which lasted from December 1864 to March 1870, and continued after the war ended.[14]
In 1893, a path was established between the Campos Novos do Paranapanema region and theParaná River, connecting it toMato Grosso. This region saw the expansion ofcoffee plantations into the reddish purple soils of the south. The ridges of the Western São Paulo Plateau gained value due to their suitability for coffee cultivation.
The advance of coffee and the resulting expansion of capitalist control encouraged the occupation and growth of the Far Western São Paulo region. Coffeelandowners from older regions moved to Western São Paulo, acquiring land for the purpose of subdividing it into lots, leading to the establishment ofsubsistence agriculture properties alongside coffee estates.[15]
The development of Presidente Prudente was further aided by the railway, which served as the primary means of transporting people and goods for decades. The choice of the urban site was closely tied to the route of the Sorocaba Railway, which followed the ridge lines.[15]
With the significant development of the region now encompassing Presidente Prudente, the village of Goulart was established on 14 September1917 by Colonel Francisco de Paula Goulart.[14] This occurred shortly before the territorial and administrative emancipation from Conceição de Monte Alegre (nowParaguaçu Paulista).[15]
Much of the territory consisted of subdivided lots. In addition to farmers, merchants emerged, interested in purchasing lots to develop municipal commerce. With the inauguration of regular train services on 19 January 1919, both rural and urban populations grew. Colonel José Soares Marcondes owned the company responsible for selling these lots, the Cia. Marcondes de Colonização, Indústria e Comércio.[15]
Upon emancipation, the city consisted of a single district, the Seat, created by State Law No. 1,798 on 28 November 1921 and established on 13 March 1923, covering an area of approximately 20,000 km² at the time. TheComarca, of the 4th level, was created by Law No. 1,887 on 8 December 1922.[16] Initially named Vila Goulart in honor of Francisco de Paula Goulart, it later adopted its current name to honor former Brazilian presidentPrudente de Morais.[15]
Coffee cultivation was the most significant economic activity for the new municipality, driven by landowners, contractors, and settlers. In 1927, an estimated ten million coffee plants were recorded in the municipality. The first half of the 1920s marked the peak of Prudente's coffee production. Its decline was driven by the depletion of the region's sandy soils,frost that destroyed crops, reduced exports due to changes in coffee quality, competition from other countries, and theeconomic crisis of 1929.
With the coffee crisis, a shift tocotton was inevitable, supported by favorable national and international conditions. Cotton attracted foreign companies to the western São Paulo region, which traded with and financed small farmers due to high international demand for the product.[15]
The introduction of cotton and, later,peanut cultivation brought changes to the structure of labor relations in the area. However, it was only in the following decade that cotton cultivation became significant, with a notable increase in planted area as coffee cultivation continued to decline. Other crops such asrice,corn,beans, andpotatoes became the economic foundation for farmers, who used their sales to finance coffee crops, pay for properties, and support their families. The processing of these products occurred in municipalities and settlements, increasing the number of establishments and fostering their growth.[15]
In the 1940s, 44.7% of the region's usable land consisted of pastures. The growing importance ofcattle ranching in the Alta Sorocabana region was solidified, particularly through the deforestation of previously unexploited areas.[15] Early industrial activities, initially tied to timber extraction, shifted toward processing raw materials, primarily for cattle production. Surplus products not consumed locally were transported to São Paulo by rail.[15] In the early 1930s, there were seventeen industrial establishments, which grew to 138 by 1940, employing 655 people. Industrial development complemented the dominant agricultural economy, reinforcing its prominence.[15]
The city's growth necessitated the establishment of the first school, now Escola Estadual Professor Adolpho Arruda Mello, in 1925; the first health facility in 1926; the establishment of the Parish in 1925; and the District Education Inspectorate in 1928, which was transformed into the Office of Education in 1932.
Electricity supply services began in 1924, provided by the Companhia Marcondes de Colonização Indústria e Comércio through a small thermoelectric plant powered by a steam locomotive and a 60 kVA generator, supplying energy from dusk until midnight.
Religious services provided by theCatholic Church were formalized with the creation of the São Sebastião Parish in 1925, led by Father José Maria Martinez Sarrion, who served as parish priest until his death in 1951. Within a short period, the municipality achieved a significant level of regional political-administrative autonomy.[15]
At its founding, Presidente Prudente originally spanned approximately 15,600 km², with its boundaries reaching the Aguapeí-Peixe watershed to the north, theParanapanema River to the south, the municipalities ofCampos Novos Paulista (formerly Campos Novos do Paranapanema) and Conceição do Monte Alegre to the east, and theParaná River to the west.
Changes in the territorial-administrative framework progressively reduced the municipality's area due to successive divisions by state laws. By 1960, it reached its current configuration. Throughout its territorial expansion, the city gradually absorbed therural area. This rural dominance has been increasingly replaced by theurban area to meet the demands of urban expansion, driven by the growth of productive activities (industry, commerce, and services) and the rising demand for housing due to population concentration.[15]
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Presidente Prudente is located in the western region of São Paulo state, within themesoregion and microregion of the same name, approximately 558 kilometers fromSão Paulo, the state capital, and 979 kilometers fromBrasília, the federal capital.[5] It occupies an area of 562.974 km2 (217.365 sq mi), and is bordered by the municipalities ofFlora Rica,Flórida Paulista, andMariápolis to the north;Pirapozinho,Anhumas, andRegente Feijó to the south;Caiabu to the east; andAlfredo Marcondes,Álvares Machado, andSanto Expedito to the west.[17]
The municipality lies within the hydrographic basin of the Paraná River, with several sub-basins of small and medium streams playing significant roles in its configuration. It is drained by the Veado and Cedro streams, part of theSanto Anastácio River basin, and the Onça stream and Mandaguari River, which belong to thePeixe River basin. The city's terrain is gently undulating, with frequenthills, most of which are divided by watercourses. The soil is classified as Bauru sandstone, with agricultural characteristics suitable for various crops. The highest point in the city is at 472 meters.[17]
| Month | Accumulation | Date | Month | Accumulation | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 271.2 mm (10.68 in) | 30/01/1988 | July | 72.2 mm (2.84 in) | 25/07/2007 |
| February | 174.4 mm (6.87 in) | 28/02/1980 | August | 74.2 mm (2.92 in) | 20/08/2009 |
| March | 100.8 mm (3.97 in) | 30/03/1998 | September | 127.4 mm (5.02 in) | 28/09/2010 |
| April | 107.6 mm (4.24 in) | 26/04/1999 | October | 117.5 mm (4.63 in) | 04/10/1972 |
| May | 73.2 mm (2.88 in) | 21/05/2017 | November | 110.5 mm (4.35 in) | 07/11/1987 |
| June | 82.4 mm (3.24 in) | 14/06/2023 | December | 106 mm (4.2 in) | 17/12/1968 |
The climate of Presidente Prudente is classified astropical rainy (typeAw according to theKöppen classification),[21] characterized by rainy, hot summers and dry, cooler winters, with an average annual temperature of approximately 23 °C (73 °F).[22] The annualprecipitation index is 1,340 mm (53 in), concentrated in the spring and summer months,[22] with a significant decrease during winter, when lowrelative humidity levels are common.[23] The annualinsolation is approximately 2,600 h (9,400 ks).[22]
According to data from theNational Institute of Meteorology (INMET) from January 1961 to May 2012, the lowest recorded temperature in Presidente Prudente was −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) on 18 July 1975,[18] a day marked by ablack frost event associated with a major cold wave that kept temperatures extremely low across much of Brazil.[24] Another sub-zero record was −0.1 °C (31.8 °F) on 20 July 1981.[18] The highest recorded temperature was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on 6 October 2020.[19]
According to INMET, the highest 24-hour precipitation accumulation was 271.2 mm (10.68 in) on 30 January 1988. Other accumulations equal to or exceeding 100 mm (3.9 in) include 174.4 mm (6.87 in) on 28 February 1980, 174.3 mm (6.86 in) on 18 January 1968, 130 mm (5.1 in) on 19 February 1967, 127.4 mm (5.02 in) on 28 September 2010, 119.1 mm (4.69 in) on 9 January 1994, 117.5 mm (4.63 in) on 4 October 1972, 115.7 mm (4.56 in) on 18 January 2009, 110.5 mm (4.35 in) on 7 November 1987, 107.6 mm (4.24 in) on 16 April 1999, 106.2 mm (4.18 in) on 23 February 1993, 106 mm (4.2 in) on 17 December 1968, 105.8 mm (4.17 in) on 24 January 1994, 104 mm (4.1 in) on 2 October 1970, 102.6 mm (4.04 in) on 27 February 1996, 100.8 mm (3.97 in) on 30 March 1998, and 100 mm (3.9 in) on 22 February 1963. The lowest recordedrelative humidity was 8% on the afternoon of 23 August 2006.[19][20]
| Climate data for Presidente Prudente, elevation 432 m (1,417 ft), (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1961–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.0 (102.2) | 39.5 (103.1) | 39.4 (102.9) | 36.4 (97.5) | 33.4 (92.1) | 33.2 (91.8) | 34.4 (93.9) | 38.1 (100.6) | 40.9 (105.6) | 41.8 (107.2) | 39.9 (103.8) | 39.4 (102.9) | 41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 30.8 (87.4) | 29.6 (85.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.2 (82.8) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.1 (84.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 20.7 (69.3) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 22.5 (72.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 25.2 (77.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.7 (71.1) | 21.2 (70.2) | 19.5 (67.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.3 (68.5) | 21.2 (70.2) | 18.8 (65.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.2 (57.6) | 9.2 (48.6) | 5.8 (42.4) | 2.0 (35.6) | 1.8 (35.2) | −1.8 (28.8) | 0.0 (32.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 7.2 (45.0) | 10.3 (50.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | −1.8 (28.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 232.5 (9.15) | 172.2 (6.78) | 138.3 (5.44) | 73.0 (2.87) | 82.6 (3.25) | 48.3 (1.90) | 39.7 (1.56) | 42.7 (1.68) | 84.2 (3.31) | 121.0 (4.76) | 129.6 (5.10) | 175.6 (6.91) | 1,339.7 (52.74) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 13 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 12 | 91 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 72.6 | 73.2 | 70.1 | 66.3 | 68.1 | 66.1 | 59.3 | 53.6 | 58.2 | 61.9 | 63.6 | 69.3 | 65.2 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 197.2 | 186.5 | 228.9 | 239.5 | 215.1 | 209.7 | 235.8 | 233.4 | 195.4 | 216.1 | 227.0 | 206.4 | 2,591 |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia[25][26][19][20] | |||||||||||||
Therural area of Presidente Prudente is characterized by pastures and sparse tree cover, with the soil covered year-round. The municipality exhibits significant diversity inland use, as older neighborhoods are densely populated with considerable tree cover along streets and inbackyards. Newer neighborhoods, which form the majority, feature sparse constructions with lawns and scattered tree cover. Housing complexes are densely built. Land use in the city is not highly diversified, with residential use predominating over other uses such as industry, commerce, and services.[27]
To implement a more robust environmental management system, the municipal government, through the Municipal Secretariat of the Environment, invests in cleaning public spaces, including the removal of shrubs, litter, and debris, as well as the eradication ofleucaena and other non-native species, while creating green areas in the urban zone.
Several vacant lots within the urban perimeter are covered with nativeCerrado vegetation and are maintained and protected by municipal environmental preservation agencies, such as the Municipal Secretariat of the Environment. Parts of neighborhoods such as Jardim Planalto, Brasil Novo, Jardim Paraíso, and Vale do Sol had their lots fenced with wire in 2010.[28]
The Municipality of Presidente Prudente has adopted increasingly stringent and contradictory environmental and tax policies. Councilor Valmir da Souza Pinto proposed a bill stipulating that property owners who fail to adopt robust environmental management practices will pay higher property taxes (IPTU). The bill was voted on 17 March 2015 and reported on 31 March of the same year.[29][30]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1940 | 75,806 | — |
| 1950 | 60,903 | −19.7% |
| 1960 | 72,782 | +19.5% |
| 1970 | 105,707 | +45.2% |
| 1980 | 136,849 | +29.5% |
| 1991 | 165,484 | +20.9% |
| 2000 | 189,186 | +14.3% |
| 2010 | 207,625 | +9.7% |
| 2022 | 225,668 | +8.7% |
| 2024 (est.) | 234,083 | +3.7% |
| IBGE Censuses (1940–2022)[31] | ||
According to theBrazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, in 2014, the population of the municipality was 220,599 inhabitants, making it the36th most populous in the state with apopulation density of 367.7 inhabitants per km². According to the 2000 census, 48.22% of the population were male (91,797 inhabitants) and 51.78% were female (97,389 inhabitants). Approximately 97.91% (185,229 inhabitants) resided in theurban area, while 2.09% (3,957 inhabitants) lived in therural area.[31][32][33]
The MunicipalHuman Development Index (HDI-M) of Presidente Prudente is considered high by theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP). In 2010, its value was 0.806, ranking it as thethirteenth highest in the state, ahead of the capital, São Paulo, which ranks fourteenth.[7] In 2010, the social index was 0.785.[34] The city has most indicators above the national average, according to the UNDP. Theper capita income is 14,652.00reais. TheGini coefficient, which measuressocial inequality, is 0.46, where 1.00 is the worst and 0.00 is the best.[35] The poverty incidence, as measured by the IBGE, is 14.47%, with a lower limit of 10.10%, an upper limit of 18.85%, and a subjective poverty incidence of 10.84%.[35] In 2000, the population of Presidente Prudente consisted of 135,104 Whites (71.41%), 7,045 Blacks (3.72%), 39,965Pardos (21.12%), 194 Indigenous (0.10%), 5,777 Asians (3.05%), and 1,100 undeclared (0.58%).[36]
Reflecting the cultural diversity of Presidente Prudente, the city is home to a variety of religious expressions. Although it developed within a predominantlyCatholic social framework, numerousProtestant denominations are now present. The growth of evangelicals has been notable, reaching nearly 17.83% of the population.[37]
Located in the country with the largest absolute number of Catholics globally, Presidente Prudente reflects this trend. TheCatholic Church had its legal status recognized by the federal government in October 2009,[38] despite Brazil being an officiallysecular state.[39] The city is home to various Protestant or reformed denominations, such as theAssembly of God.[40] According to the 2010 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the population of Presidente Prudente comprises:Roman Catholics (64.31%),Evangelicals (26.69%),no religion (4.24%),Spiritism (1.11%),Jehovah's Witnesses (0.68%),Buddhism (0.41%),Mormons (0.19%),Brazilian Apostolic Catholics (0.10%),Umbanda andCandomblé (0.08%),Orthodox Catholics (0.04%),Agnostics (0.04%), andEsoterics (0.03%).[37]
The executive power of the municipality of Presidente Prudente is represented by themayor, assisted by their cabinet of secretaries.[41] The first municipal mayor was Pedro de Mello Machado, affiliated with thePaulista Republican Party (PRP), serving from August to December 1923.[42] The current mayor, elected in the 2024 municipal elections, is Milton Carlos de Mello, popularly known as Tupã, elected by theRepublicans party with 52.81% of the valid votes.[43][44]
Thelegislative power is exercised by themunicipal chamber, composed of thirteen councilors elected for four-year terms.[45] In the current legislature, which began in 2025, the chamber consists of three seats for the Republicans, three for theProgressistas (PP), two forBrazil Union and the Social Democratic Party, and one seat each for theBrazilian Democratic Movement (MDB),Podemos (PODE), and theLiberal Party (PL).[46] The chamber is responsible for drafting and voting on laws fundamental to the administration and the executive, particularly the participatory budget (Budget Guidelines Law).[41]
Presidente Prudente is governed by an organic law, enacted on 5 April 1990,[41] and serves as the seat of acomarca, classified as fourth grade.[16][47] According to theSuperior Electoral Court, in November 2019, the municipality had 176,219 registered voters, representing 0.530% of the total voters in the state of São Paulo.[48]
Presidente Prudente is officially divided into five districts: Ameliópolis, Eneida, Floresta do Sul, and Montalvão, in addition to the seat district. When the city was emancipated, it consisted solely of the seat district, established by State Law No. 1,798 on November 28, 1921, and implemented on March 13, 1923. The Judicial District, classified as fourth grade, was created by Law No. 1,887 on December 8, 1922.[16]
The city is also subdivided into approximately 220 neighborhoods,[49] with the largest and most populous, according to the city hall, being Ana Jacinta.[50] The poorest region of the municipality comprises the neighborhoods Jardim Santa Mônica and Vila Furquim, where many families live in precarious conditions. The eastern part of the city also includes areas marked by asocial exclusion map. In these areas, the levels of exclusion and social vulnerability are stark, with visible manifestations of social issues, where entire families rely on the solidarity and charity of others, as many residents' rights are often disregarded or entirely absent from the community.[51]
Thegross domestic product (GDP) of Presidente Prudente ranks as the 128th largest in Brazil,[52] with a strong emphasis on theservice sector. According to 2005 data from theIBGE, the municipality had a GDP of R$2,971,249,000.[52] Of this total, R$327,020,000 consisted of taxes on products net of subsidies.[52] The per capita GDP is R$14,652.[52] Among Brazil's 5,565 municipalities, Presidente Prudente holds the 27th position in the ranking of the most promising cities for building a professional career, according to a study by theGetúlio Vargas Foundation, published in Você S.A magazine.[53]
In 2022, the city exported US$141 million in products and imported US$16.6 million, resulting in a trade surplus of US$124.7 million.[54]
| Production of sugarcane, sweet potato, and cassava (2007)[55] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Product | Harvested area (hectares) | Production (tons) |
| Sugarcane | 10,000 | 200,000 |
| Sweet potato | 800 | 9,600 |
| Cassava | 50 | 1,250 |
Agriculture is the least significant sector of Presidente Prudente's economy. Of the municipality's total GDP, R$23,232,000 represents the gross value added by agriculture.[52] According to theIBGE, in 2008, the municipality had a herd of 52,607cattle, 1,620horses, 300pigs, 66goats, 55buffaloes, sevendonkeys, 181mules, 820sheep, and 11,500poultry, including 7,400hens and 4,100roosters, broilers, and chicks.[56] In 2007, the city produced 2,750,000 liters of milk from 3,680cows. Additionally, 89,000 dozens of chicken eggs and 905 kilograms ofbee honey were produced.[56] In temporary crops, the main products aresugarcane (200,000 tons),sweet potato (9,600 tons), andcassava (1,250 tons).[57]
Theindustrial sector is currently the second most significant contributor to Presidente Prudente's economy. R$436,375 of the municipal GDP comes from the gross value added by industry (secondary sector).[52] According to the city hall's registry, there are 445 industries in the municipality. This figure accounts for approximately 58% of the industries affiliated withFiesp/Ciesp in the Western São Paulo region. Small and micro-enterprises are prominent in the city's industrial landscape. A significant portion of the secondary sector's contribution comes from the four industrial districts, which collectively cover an area of 45alqueires.[58]
The NIPP I (Antônio Crepaldi Presidente Prudente Industrial Nucleus) spans approximately 20alqueires and houses 41 industries from various sectors. These include factories that produce fire extinguishers; furniture, mortar, and beverage production; metal structures; cleaning products; agricultural products; electrical goods; and industrial equipment. The NIPP II (Presidente Prudente Industrial Nucleus) covers 18alqueires but is still in the implementation phase. The NIPP III (Belmiro Maganini Non-Polluting Industrial Nucleus) occupies about fouralqueires and hosts 60 industries in sectors such as electronics, road equipment, industrial kitchens, clothing, hospital equipment, metal frames, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, footwear, soft drinks, sawmills, and furniture. The NIPP IV (Antônio Onofre Gerbasi Non-Polluting Industrial District), covering approximately threealqueires, is home to 52 industries, includingprecast concrete,batteries, seed production,slabs,mortar, stone cutting, marble and granite processing, wood, and furniture manufacturing.[59]
R$2,184,623 million of the municipal GDP comes from service provision.[52] The tertiary sector is currently the largest contributor to Presidente Prudente's GDP. According to the IBGE, in 2008, the city had 8,884 companies and commercial establishments and 129,624 workers, with 70,601 total employed personnel and 59,123 salaried workers.Salaries and other remunerations totaled R$852,251,000, with the average monthly salary in the municipality being 2.7minimum wages.[60]
In 2000, the city had 55,178households, includingapartments,houses, and rooms. Of these, 39,445 were owned properties, with 32,076 fully paid (58.13%), 7,369 under acquisition (13.75%), and 10,445rented (18.93%). A total of 5,187 properties were provided, with 810 supplied by employers (1.47%) and 4,377 provided in other ways (7.93%). Another 101 were occupied in other forms (0.18%).[61] The municipality has treated water,electricity,sewage systems,urban cleaning,fixed telephony, andmobile telephony. In 2000, 96.84% of households were served by thegeneral water supply network;[62] 97.29% of households had garbage collection;[63] and 95.01% of residences had sanitary sewage systems.[64]
In 2005, the municipality had 91 healthcare facilities, with 58 private and 33 public establishments, including hospitals,emergency rooms,health centers, anddental services. These facilities provided 1,294 hospital beds, with 71 public and 1,223 private.[65] The city has eight general hospitals, six public, one private, and one philanthropic. Presidente Prudente also has 1,425 nursing assistants, 408 general practitioners, 236 pediatricians, 221 gynecologist-obstetricians, 218 nurses, and 1,063 professionals in other categories, totaling 3,571 healthcare workers. In 2008, 2,667 live births were recorded, with 8.4% premature, 77.1% delivered by caesarean section, and 13.4% born to mothers aged 10 to 19 (0.3% aged 10 to 14). The crude birth rate is 12.9.[66]
The former University Hospital (now Regional Hospital - HR) was purchased in 2010 for R$78 million by the São Paulo State Government, which invested millions in renovations. The HR serves as a reference for 45 municipalities in Western São Paulo and currently has 550 beds, all under the Unified Health System (SUS), including 56 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) beds, with 20 for adults, 10 for coronary care, 6 for pediatrics, and 20 for neonates. It offers medical residency programs in Cardiology, General Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Dermatology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Infectious Diseases, Neurosurgery, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Urology, ICU, Pediatric ICU, and Neonatology.[67]
The Municipal Education Secretariat of Presidente Prudente (Seduc), legally established by Law No. 2296/83 on December 21, 1983, provides training courses for teachers in the municipal network, promotes literacy projects, and facilitates the use of municipal school buildings outside class hours and during vacation periods for cultural and recreational activities. The Secretariat also coordinates with federal and state agencies to establish general education and teaching programs.[68]
Presidente Prudente has schools in all regions of the municipality. Due to extensive urbanization, the few residents inrural areas have easy access to schools in nearby urban neighborhoods. Education in state schools is of a lower standard than in municipal schools, but the city hall is conducting studies to improve public state education to achieve better results in the IDEB (Basic Education Development Index).[69] In 2008, the municipality had approximately 40,639 enrollments, 2,673 teachers, and 193 schools in public and private networks.[70] The municipalliteracy rate is 98%.[15]
The municipality is also notable for its universities, such as São Paulo State University (Unesp), Union of São Paulo Educational Institutions (Uniesp), and University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), as well as institutions such as Antônio Eufrásio de Toledo University Center (Toledo),São Paulo State Technological College (Fatec), the National Commercial Learning Service (SENAC), theNational Service for Industrial Training (Senai), and Sesi, which together enroll over 80,000 students across more than 110 different undergraduate and postgraduate courses. The city has three universities, two colleges, and seven distance education colleges.[71]
| Education in Presidente Prudente in numbers[70] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Level | Enrollments | Teachers | Schools (total) |
| Early childhood education | 3,854 | 221 | 65 |
| Primary education | 27,680 | 1,417 | 87 |
| Secondary education | 9,105 | 735 | |
Presidente Prudente is considered one of the most innovative cities in the state ofSão Paulo.[72] In 2016, a law was enacted to promote and supporttechnological innovation, scientific and technological research, and technological development, aiming to bridge the gap between the municipal government and higher education institutions while facilitating investments in startups, research, and development.[73] The law established the Municipal Innovation Fund to provide financial resources for the projects of researchers and entrepreneurs, the Innovation Assistance Grant for individuals developing projects (startups), the Innovation Award to recognize successful initiatives and projects, the Municipal Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation, and the Municipal Innovation Seal for companies contributing to the municipality’s development in this area.[74] The city was the first in Brazil to enact a Municipal Innovation Law.
In 2017, the Inova Prudente Foundation, officially the Vicente Furlanetto Foundation for Education, Research, and Innovation of Presidente Prudente (FUNDEPI), was inaugurated. This physical space, equipped with infrastructure and services, aims to integrate startups, entrepreneurs, researchers, and the community, while fostering the development of entrepreneurs and small businesses, applied research for improving or creating new products or processes, and driving innovation.[75] The facility underwent renovations, and in 2018, Brazil’s first Municipal Technology and Innovation Coworking Space was opened.[76] The space accommodates 120 “coworkers,” 200 researchers, and 40 companies.[77]
In early 2019, the municipal government launched the InovaTec Program, which grants exemptions from municipal fees and taxes and a 60% reduction in the calculation base for the Service Tax (ISS) owed by these companies. In practice, they pay only 2% ISS on monthly revenue, the lowest rate allowed by federal legislation.[78] The Inova Prudente Foundation was recognized as a success case at the GovTech Conference, an event organized by StartSe held in April 2019 inSão Paulo.[79]
The municipality is also home to the Presidente Prudente Technological Incubator (INTEPP), established in 2004. Its goal is to support the creation, development, and consolidation of technology-based companies, providing physical infrastructure and services to establish new businesses, attract investments, and capture market share, generating income and jobs.[80]
As in most medium and large Brazilian municipalities, crime is also a challenge in Presidente Prudente, although it has the lowest crime rates in São Paulo state. In 2006, thehomicide rate in the municipality was 12 per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate of deaths by firearms, which was 11.8 in 2002, rose to 16.3 in 2003, then stood at 11.7 and 14.6 in 2004 and 2005, respectively, before dropping to 6.0 in 2006. The rate of deaths from traffic accidents, which was 22.7 in 2002, increased to 30.9 in 2006.[81]
The decline in homicides related to urban violence is attributed to measures implemented by theSão Paulo State Military Police (PMSP), such as the Digital Incident Report (RDO), adopted in 46 other municipalities in São Paulo state. The RDO standardizesincident reports (BOs) filed at police stations via intranet, stores them in databases, and allows access by other police agencies.[82] According to the municipal government, theMinistry of Cities invests little in security in Presidente Prudente.[83]
The Presidente Prudente region has the highest concentration of prisons in Brazil, with a prison population of 18,318 inmates across 21 facilities, which have a capacity of only 13,757, meaning the prison population exceeds capacity by 33.15%.[84] The establishment of prisons in the interior allowed the state government to address two issues with a single measure: relocating inmates away from large urban centers and meeting demands for new job opportunities in these municipalities. The prisons created an estimated 18,000 jobs for prison facilities, supported by R$230 million in investments.[85]
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The water supply service in Presidente Prudente is managed by theSão Paulo State Basic Sanitation Company (Sabesp). The municipality gets 70% of its water from theRio do Peixe, while the remaining 30% is sourced from theSanto Anastácio River and small underground reservoirs and springs.[86] One hundred percent of the urban area is served by theelectricity distribution network, with 112,454 megawatt-hours consumed annually in 2001 and approximately 180,000 consumers.[87]
There are stilldial-up andbroadband (ADSL)internet services offered by various free and paidaccess providers. In fixed telephony, the city was served by Empresa Telefônica Paulista[88][89] until 1973, when it began to be served byTelecomunicações de São Paulo (TELESP),[90] which built the telephone exchanges still in use today. In 1998, this company was privatized and sold toTelefônica,[91] and in 2012, the company adopted theVivo brand[92] for its operations. Mobile telephony services are provided by various operators. There is also3G access, available in the municipality since 2009,[93] and4G access, available since 2013.[94] The area code (DDD) for Presidente Prudente is 018,[95] and thePostal Code (CEP) ranges from 19,000-000 to 19,109-999.[96] On January 8, 2009, the municipality began to be served byportability, along with other cities with DDD 018 and states includingRio Grande do Sul (DDDs 51 and 55),Tocantins (63),Mato Grosso (65), andAmazonas (92 and 97).[97]
There are twelve channels in theVHF band - channels 2 to 13 - and 69 in theUHF band - channels 14 to 83. There are alsomicrowave (SHF) andsatellite channels, which offer significantly better frequency and require special receivers. These receivers typically deliver the signal to the television on a VHF channel.[98] There is also a daily newspaper in Presidente Prudente, "O Imparcial." The city previously had "Oeste Notícias," which was closed by its management on January 31.[99] The city has several online portals, the most accessed of which arePortal G1 - Presidente Prudente,Diário de Prudente, andPortal Prudentino. There are also nine radio stations in the city,[87] with the main ones being "101 FM" and "98 FM."[100]
The municipality is served by the Tietê-Paraná Waterway, which facilitates the transport of goods toMercosur countries.[101] Presidente Prudente is also served by Ferroban (Bandeirantes Railway S.A.) within its territory, on a section formerly belonging to the now-defunct Sorocabana Railway. However, since 1999, there has been no passenger rail transport, only freight transport.[102] The municipality has easy access to SP-270 (Raposo Tavares Highway), connectingSão Paulo to Presidente Prudente andPresidente Epitácio toMato Grosso do Sul;SP-501 (Júlio Budisk Highway), linking Presidente Prudente toSP-294 - Comandante João Ribeiro de Barros (Alta Paulista -Osvaldo Cruz,Dracena,Adamantina); andSP-425 (Assis Chateaubriand Highway), connecting Presidente Prudente toSanto Inácio (PR) and subsequently toSão José do Rio Preto and the border withMinas Gerais. Additionally, it has access to regionally and nationally significant highways via paved, dual-lane secondary roads. The city is also served by theDr. Adhemar de Barros Airport (IATA:PPB,ICAO:SBDN), with a capacity for 178,926 passengers, making it the third largest in São Paulo state.[103]
The municipal vehicle fleet in 2009 totaled 103,460 vehicles, including 65,001 cars, 3,327 trucks, 576 tractor-trucks, 7,685 pickups, 272 minibuses, 22,169 motorcycles, 3,650 mopeds, 743 buses, and 37 wheeled tractors.[104] The city’s duplicated and paved avenues and numeroustraffic lights facilitatetraffic flow, but the increase in the number of vehicles over the past decade has led to increasingly slow traffic, particularly in the seat district. Additionally, finding parking spaces in the commercial center has become challenging, causing some losses to commerce, partly due to merchants and their employees occupying the limited available spaces.[105]
Previously, public transportation in Presidente Prudente was provided by two companies: Transporte Coletivo Presidente Prudente (TCPP) and Pruden Express.[106] Currently, following a bidding process, only one company, Prudente Urbano, provides the service.[107][108] The Municipal Secretariat for Traffic Affairs (SEMAV) is the municipal body responsible for the city’s traffic and transportation systems. It regulates and oversees thepublic transportation system and manages municipal traffic. It comprises departments for Planning, Traffic, Transportation, and Public Safety Cooperation.[109]
The city has twenty hotels, four movie theaters (820 seats), two theaters (555 seats), seven amphitheaters, fivelibraries, and two spaces for aeromodeling.[87] The municipality also has thirteen social clubs, as well as the Eduardo José Farah Municipal Stadium (the largest capacity in Brazil’s interior, with 65,000 seats)[110] and the Quarto de Milha Ranch Covered Arena (the largest covered arena in Latin America).[111]
Events such as the National Theater Festival (FENTEPP),[112] the Nikkei Fest,[113] the Presidente Prudente Literary Festival (FLITPP),[114] the Festival of Nations[115] and the Expo-Prudente,[116] contribute to the city’s role as a cultural hub in the region. For leisure, the city offers the Matarazzo Cultural Center, a complex that includes the Dr. Abelardo de Cerqueira César Municipal Library, Profª Jupyra Cunha Marcondes Municipal Art School, Municipal Art School, Paulo Roberto Lisboa Theater, Sebastião Jorge Chammé Auditorium, Condessa Filomena Matarazzo Cinema, Os Sombras e Os Temperamentais Boulevard, Presidente Prudente Seresteiros Square Boulevard, Francisco Artoni Coreto Square, Bandstand, Multipurpose Rooms for workshops and rehearsals, Galleries, and an Atelier.[117]
The city also features the Parque do Povo, Cidade da Criança (a 70-hectare green area with infrastructure, including attractions such as a cable car, ecological trail, zoo, playground, kart track, planetarium, astronomical observatory, water park, fishermen’s association, Free Environmental School, and two lakes),[118] the Nelson Bugalho Ecological Park,[119] the Procópio Ferreira Municipal Theater[120] and the SESC Thermas.[121]
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Following the era ofPrudentina in the 1960s, the dissolution of the fully professionalCorinthians de Prudente in 2001, and the brief stint ofGrêmio Prudente Futebol in 2010 when it adopted the city’s name, Presidente Prudente is now home toGrêmio Desportivo Prudente and has a stadium, theEduardo José Farah Municipal Stadium, known as Prudentão, inaugurated on October 12, 1982, with a current capacity of up to 44,414 people. The first match played there was betweenSantos Futebol Clube and the now-defunctEsporte Clube Corinthians, attended by approximately 20,240 spectators, with Santos winning 1-0. The record attendance was for a match betweenSociedade Esportiva Palmeiras andSport Club Corinthians Paulista, with 45,972 spectators on March 3, 1996, resulting in a 3-1 victory for Palmeiras. In lower divisions, notable teams includeOeste Paulista Esporte Clube and Presidente Prudente Futebol Clube.
On December 23, 2010, the Flávio Araújo Athlete Training Center was inaugurated, named in honor of the local sports journalist who had a distinguished career in national radio. The center is a reference in sports, offering medical care and physical training facilities, a covered court, and a football field used as a training center forGrêmio Prudente.[122]
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In other sports, the city is also seeing significant investments in expanding sports facilities, such as the PUM (Multi-Use Park), which includes five covered courts, ahealth club, and locker rooms for athletes.[123] The Olympic Center has received investments in Olympic disciplines, such as theathletics track andswimming andwater polo pools. The People’s Park courts have also been covered, and its two football fields have been upgraded with synthetic turf.[124] The Caetano Peretti Municipal Stadium has accommodations for amateur athletes and a renovated field, with plans for a possible additional athletics track.[125] The city also has twelvegateball stadiums, seven sports halls, and fourbaseball stadiums.[87]
In Presidente Prudente, there are threemunicipal holidays, eight national holidays, and three optional holidays. The municipal holidays are:Saint Sebastian’s Day on January 20; the city’s anniversary on September 14; and the homage toOur Lady of the Immaculate Conception on December 8.[126]
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| Other | |
