| President of the Republic of Moldova | |
|---|---|
| Președintele Republicii Moldova | |
 Emblem of the Presidency of Moldova | |
 Presidential standard | |
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| Executive branch of the Government of Moldova Office of the President of Moldova | |
| Style | Madam President (informal) Her Excellency (diplomatic) |
| Status | Head of state Commander-in-chief |
| Member of | National Security Council |
| Residence | Presidential Palace |
| Seat | Chișinău |
| Appointer | Popular vote |
| Term length | Four years, renewable once consecutively |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Moldova |
| Inaugural holder | Mircea Snegur |
| Formation | 3 September 1990; 35 years ago (1990-09-03) |
| Deputy | President of the Parliament |
| Salary | MDL 244,931 yearly[1] |
| Website | presedinte.md |
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Judiciary |
| Administrative divisions |
 Moldova portal |
Thepresident of the Republic of Moldova (Romanian:Președintele Republicii Moldova) is thehead of state ofMoldova. The current president isMaia Sandu, who assumed office on 24 December 2020.
The president "represents the State" and is "…the guarantor of national sovereignty and independence, as well as of the territorial unity and integrity of the State."[2][3] In this capacity, the president ensures thecontinuity of the Moldovan state,arbitrates andmediates theregular functioning ofpublic institutions, and upholds therule of law. This role is in keeping with the president's solemn oath, taken at inauguration, "…to devote all my personal strength and abilities to the prosperity of the Republic of Moldova, to abide by the Constitution and the laws of the country, to defend democracy, fundamental human rights and freedoms, the sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Moldova."[4]
Moldova is aparliamentary republic wherein most of the president's powers are in practice ministerial, meaning they are exercised as stipulated by the Constitution, in accordance with the confidence ofParliament or, on the advice of theGovernment. The Moldovan presidency is thus a largely ceremonial institution.[5][6][a] Nevertheless, because the president represents Moldova internationally, they have ultimate say over the country's foreign policy. In addition, the president can influence domestic policy by using their status to initiate and participate in public discourse.[7] Perhaps most importantly, the president enjoys a broad suite of discretionary powers which they may use to protect the established constitutional order.
The president, in order to maintain the continuity and stability of the democratic process, summons a new Parliament not later than 30 days following a general election and nominates a candidate for the office ofprime minister after consulting the leaders of the different political parties in Parliament.[8][9] If Parliament gives its vote of confidence to the nominee and to the nominee's list of ministers, the president appoints the resultingprime minister-designate as prime minister and the other persons as ministers of the Government.[10] Whenever the prime minister is incapacitated, including as a result of resignation or death in office, the president is likewise required to nominate another minister of the Government as acting prime minister. The acting prime minister is thereafter responsible for leading the Government until either a new prime minister is appointed or the incumbent prime minister's incapacitation ceases.[11]
Government formation aside, the presidentpromulgates the laws passed by Parliament.[12] Moreover, the president performs other functions in matters offoreign relations andnational defence. As it concerns foreign relations, the presidentaccredits andrecalls Moldovanambassadors andenvoys stationed in foreign states,receives the credentials offoreigndiplomats to Moldova, and authorizes the opening, closure, or change in rank ofdiplomatic missions operating abroad.[13] As commander-in-chief of theArmed Forces, the president may order general or partialmobilisations, repelarmed aggression, declare astate of war, and take other due measures to safeguardpublic security and maintainpublic order.[14] All of these functions are exercised on the advice of the Government and require for their validity thecountersignature of the prime minister.[15]
The president in their absolute discretion may:
The president is elected in atwo-rounddirect election, with a runoff taking place between the top two finishers if no candidate receives a majority in the first round. This system was put in place when theconstitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994.
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In 2000, the Constitution was amended changing the process to anindirect election by theParliament of Moldova, with asupermajority of 61 votes required. On March 4, 2016, theConstitutional Court ruled that the amendment was unconstitutional[32] and Moldova consequently returned to electing the president via popular vote.
One presidentialterm lasts for four years; presidents arelimited to two consecutive terms. Before the 2000 amendments, the presidential term lasted for five years.
Under Article 78 of the Constitution, candidates must be citizens of Moldova with the right to vote and over 40 years old who had lived or has been living permanently in Moldova for no less than 10 years and speaks the official state language. By convention, a newly elected president renounces formal ties with their political party before taking office.
According to the Article 77 of theConstitution of Moldova (1994), the president of Moldova is the head of the state and represents the state and is the guarantor of national sovereignty, independence, and the unity and territorial integrity of the nation.[33]
Theacting president of Moldova (Romanian:Președinte interimar al Republicii Moldova) is a person who fulfils the duties of the president of Moldova when cases of incapacity and vacancy occur. It is a temporary post provided by the Constitution of Moldova.
According to Article 91 of theConstitution of Moldova (1994):
When the office of the President of the Republic of Moldova becomes vacant or the President has been suspended from office, or finds himself in the temporary impossibility of discharging his duties, the responsibility of the office shall devolve ad interim on thePresident of Parliament or thePrime Minister, in that priority order.
According to Article 89 of theConstitution of Moldova (1994):
According to Article 90 of theConstitution of Moldova (1994):
The presidential standard (Romanian:Stindardul Preşedintelui) consists of theCoat of Arms of Moldova in front of a purple background and a border composed of squares of 1/9 in the national colours of the republic. The regulations of the Standard of the President is approved by the decree of the President with the opinion of the National Heraldic Commission. The original of the Standard of the President is handed over to the President at the inauguration ceremony and is kept in their office. Duplicates and copies of the standard are displayed at the Presidential Palace or at other presidential residences while they are on these premises.[34]
The official march of the presidency is theMarș de Întîmpinare «La Mulți ani» (Slow March «To many years»), which is used during the arrival of the president at special occasions, similarly toHail to the Chief for thepresident of the United States.[35] ThePresidential Band of the Republic of Moldova is the mainmilitary band of theArmed Forces of the Republic of Moldova and specifically serves the president during all functions of state. The band performs at welcome ceremonies of foreign officials onstate visits,military parades, and the accreditation of ambassadors.[36][37]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .jpg) | Ion Inculeț (1884–1940) | December 15 [O.S. December 2] 1917 | April 9 [O.S. March 27] 1918 | Socialist Revolutionary Party |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Office term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pyotr Borodin (1905–1986) | 2 August 1940 | 11 February 1942 | |
| 2 | Nikita Salogor (1901–1982) | 13 February 1942 | 5 January 1946 | |
| 3 | Nicolae Coval (1904–1970) | 5 January 1946 | 26 July 1950 | |
| 4 |  | Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982) | 26 July 1950 | 25 October 1952 |
| 5 | Dmitri Gladki (1911–1959) | 25 October 1952 | 8 February 1954 | |
| 6 | Zinovie Serdiuk (1903–1982) | 8 February 1954 | 29 May 1961 | |
| 7 |  | Ivan Bodiul (1918–2013) | 29 May 1961 | 22 December 1980 |
| 8 |  | Semion Grossu (born 1934) | 22 December 1980 | 16 December 1989 |
| 9 |  | Petru Lucinschi (born 1940) | 16 November 1989 | 5 February 1991 |
| 10 | Grigore Eremei (1935–2025) | 5 February 1991 | 23 August 1991 | |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | .jpg) | Mircea Snegur (1940–2023) | 27 April 1990 | 3 September 1990 | Communist Party of Moldova |
PDAM PCRM PL PLDM PDM PSRM PAS Independent
ThePresidential Palace is located in theBuiucani sector ofChișinău. It was constructed between 1984 and 1987 to the design of architects A. Zalțman and V. Iavorski. The distinctive building was originally the meeting place of theSupreme Soviet of the Moldavian SSR.
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