| Presidency of the Council of the European Union | |
|---|---|
 Emblem of the Council | |
 | |
| Council of the European Union | |
| Seat |
|
| Appointer | Rotation among theEU member states |
| Term length | Six months |
| Constituting instrument | Treaties of the European Union |
| Formation | 1958 |
| First holder |  Belgium |
| Website | danish-presidency |
| Presidency trio | |
 Poland • Denmark • Cyprus | |
Thepresidency of the Council of the European Union[1] is responsible for the functioning of theCouncil of the European Union, which is the co-legislator of theEU legislature alongside theEuropean Parliament. It rotates among themember states of the EU every six months. The presidency is not an individual, but rather the position is held by a national government. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "president of the European Union". The presidency's function is to chair meetings of the council, determine its agendas, set a work program and facilitate dialogue both at Council meetings and with otherEU institutions. The presidency is currently, as of July 2025, held byDenmark.
Three successive presidencies are known aspresidency trios. The current trio is made up ofPoland (January–June 2025),Denmark (July–December 2025), andCyprus (January–June 2026).[2] The 2020 German presidency began the second cycle of presidencies, after the system was introduced in 2007.[3]
When the council was established, its work was minimal and the presidency rotated between each of the then six members every six months. However, as the work load of the Council grew and the membership increased, the lack of coordination between each successive six-month presidency hindered the development of long-term priorities for the EU.
In order to rectify the lack of coordination, the idea of trio presidencies was put forward where groups of three successive presidencies cooperated on a common political program. This was implemented in 2007 and formally laid down in theEU treaties in 2009 by theTreaty of Lisbon.
Until 2009, the Presidency had assumed political responsibility in all areas of European integration and it played a vital role in brokering high-level political decisions.
TheTreaty of Lisbon reduced the importance of the Presidency significantly by officially separating theEuropean Council from theCouncil of the European Union. Simultaneously it split theforeign affairs Council configuration from theGeneral Affairs configuration and created the position ofHigh Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
After theUnited Kingdom's vote to leave the European Union in 2016 and its subsequent relinquishment of its scheduled presidency in the Council of the European Union which was due to take place from July to December 2017, the rotation of presidencies was brought six months forward. Estonia was scheduled to take over the UK's six-month slot instead.[4] The presidency is currently (as of July 2025) held byDenmark.[5]
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The Council meets in various formations where its composition depends on the topic discussed. For example, the Agriculture Council is composed of the national ministers responsible for Agriculture.[6]
The primary responsibility of the Presidency is to organise and chair all meetings of the council, apart from theForeign Affairs Council which is chaired by theHigh Representative. So, for instance, the Minister of Agriculture for the state holding the presidency chairs the Agriculture council. This role includes working out compromises capable of resolving difficulties.
Article 16(9) of the Treaty on European Union provides:
The Presidency of Council configurations, other than that of Foreign Affairs, shall be held by Member State representatives in the Council on the basis of equal rotation, in accordance with the conditions established in accordance withArticle 236 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
Each three successive presidencies cooperate on a "triple-shared presidency" work together over an 18-month period to accomplish a common agenda by the current president simply continuing the work of the previous "lead-president" after the end of his/her term. This ensures more consistency in comparison to a usual single six-month presidency and each three includes anew member state. This allows new member states to hold the presidency sooner and helps old member states pass their experience to the new members.
The role of the rotating Council Presidency includes:
Holding the rotating Council Presidency includes both advantages and disadvantages for member states;The opportunities include:
The burdens include:
The current trio is made up of the presidencies of Poland, Denmark and Cyprus.
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