Prakashananda | |
|---|---|
 Prakshananda, a direct monastic disciple ofVivekananda | |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Sushil Chandra Chakravarty (1874-07-08)8 July 1874 |
| Died | 13 February 1927(1927-02-13) (aged 52) |
| Honors | President of the Vedanta Society of Northern California from 1915 to 1927 |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Philosophy | Vedanta |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Vivekananda |
Swami Prakashananda (1874–1927) was a monastic disciple ofVivekananda and a monk of theRamakrishna Order who played a major role in propagating and promoting theVedanta philosophy and Vivekananda's message in India and America. He came to the US in 1906 to serve underTrigunatitananda, a direct disciple ofRamakrishna at the Vedanta Society of San Francisco, later renamed asVedanta Society of Northern California, and later became its president.[1][2]
Prakashananda's pre monastic name was Sushil Chandra Chakravarty. His father was Ashutosh Chakravarty and the family resided in Serpentine Lane in Calcutta. Sushil Chandra was born on 8 July 1874. His brother Sudhir, who was rechristened asShuddhananda, had also become a monk with Ramakrishna Order and was a direct monastic disciple of Vivekananda as well.[3]Sushil and Sudhir during their college life had made friends with Kalikrishna, Khagen, Haripada and Govinda, a group of young men who were spiritually inclined. This group came in direct contact withMahendranath Gupta (known as M), a direct householder disciple of Ramakrishna, and the author ofThe Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna, in the course of their study inRipon College where M was a lecturer.[4] M had inspired them to visitBaranagar Math, where the monastic disciples of Ramakrishna had gathered for pursuing spiritual practices.[4]Sushil was interested in both Western and Eastern philosophy, and he developed intimacy with several direct disciples of Ramakrishna, includingRamakrishnananda andYogananda.[5]In 1891, he went toJayrambati, the native place ofSarada Devi and was initiated by her. He was also associated withGopal Chandra Ghosh, orHutko Gopal, a direct householder disciple of Ramakrishna who would inspire him with anecdotes from the saint's life.[5] He was also greatly inspired by the ideals of Vivekananda, who was then in America, preaching Vedanta. Sushil left home in 1896 under directive and guidance from Sarada Devi and joined theAlambazar Math.[6] He also spent sometime inVrindavan to practice austerities, in the company ofPremananda.
When Vivekananda returned to India in February 1897, he granted monastic vows to Sushil and renamed him as Prakashananda. Prakashananda also accompanied Vivekananda when the latter went to seek the blessings of Sarada Devi in 1898 after his return from Kashmir.[7] He also accompanied Vivekananda in consecrating the house ofNavagopal Ghosh, a direct householder devotee of Ramakrishna by installation of the image of Ramakrishna in the house. During this occasion Vivekananda composed the famous Pranaam Mantra or the salutary chant on Ramakrishna which is a part of the Sanskrit hymn chanted in vesper services.[8] Prakashananda assisted him during the worship ceremony.[9][circular reference]Prakashananda served the famine stricken people inDakshineswar as part of the relief program ofRamakrishna Mission in 1897–1898. In 1899, he andSwami Virajananda went to Dhaka to preach the message of Vedanta. The General Report of the Ramakrishna Mission Dhaka states,this branch of the Mission started as early as 1899 when Virajananda and Prakashananda, deputed by Vivekananda, visited these parts and by lectures and religious discourses created an interest in the message of Ramakrishna.[10]Prakashananda and Virajananda also metDurga charan Nag (Nag Mahasaya), a prominent householder disciple of Ramakrishna, in the village of Deobhog in East Bengal.[10] In 1899 when Sarada Devi's younger brotherAbhay Charan was terminally ill, Prakashananda along withSaradananda nursed him.[10] He traveled on a pilgrimage toKedarnath andBadrinath in the Himalayas in April 1900 and stayed inRishikesh andHardiwar for carrying out spiritual practices. He stayed for a while in theRamakrishna Mission Sevashrama Kankhal withKalyanananda. In 1902, he went to work inAdvaita Ashrama, Mayavati and helpedSwarupananda in editingPrabuddha Bharata.[11]
In April 1906, Prakashananda was sent to assistTrigunatitananda in the affairs of theVedanta Society of San Francisco. He helped Trigunatita for eight years until the latter's death in 1914. He took regular classes and gave public lectures and brought out a magazine calledVoice of Freedom.[12][13]He also established thePacific Vedanta Centre in 1914. After Trigunatita's death, Prakashananda became the minister in charge. He laid more emphasis on training the spiritual aspirants.[14][15] By reducing the expenditures of the society he paid off the large debt incurred for the construction of the first Hindu temple. He visited and lectured on Vedanta in different parts of California. He was elected a vice president of theInternational Buddhist Congress as part of thePanama–California Exposition.[16] As part of the Vedanta Society he also looked afterShanti Ashrama, a spiritual retreat first started byTuriyananda, a brother disciple of Vivekananda.[17] He would bring students for spiritual practices and study of scriptures to this retreat.In order to recuperate from the strain of hard work, Prakashananda went to India in 1922 but returned to America in 1923 with two more monks, one of them beingPrabhavananda, a disciple ofSwami Brahmananda, the first president of Ramakrishna Order. He sent Prabhavananda on a lecture tour and encouraged him to establish new Vedanta Centres.[18] TheVedanta Society of Portland was established in 1925 and Prakashananda himself presided over the inaugural ceremony.[19]
He suffered fromdiabetes and died on Sunday, 13 February 1927, at the age of fifty-three. His obituary inPrabuddha Bharata read,May rest and eternal peace be the reward of him who on earth worked untiringly, unselfishly, who served God and man as Ms master would have it. We are reminded of Swami Vivekananda's words: Our salutation goes to all those God-like men who worked to help humanity.[16]
