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PowerBook G4

An aluminum PowerBook G4 with a 15.2-inch screen
Developer	Apple Computer
Type	Laptop
Release date	January 9, 2001
Discontinued	May 16, 2006
CPU	PowerPC G4, 400 MHz–1.67 GHz
Predecessor	PowerBook G3 PowerBook 2400c
Successor	MacBook Pro (Intel-based)
Website	https://web.archive.org/web/20020604030934/http://www.apple.com/powerbook/ at the Wayback Machine (archived June 4, 2002)

ThePowerBook G4 is a series ofnotebook computers manufactured, marketed, and sold byApple Computer between 2001 and 2006 as part of itsPowerBook line of notebooks. The PowerBook G4 runs on theRISC-basedPowerPC G4processor, designed by the AIM (Apple/IBM/Motorola) development alliance and initially produced byMotorola. It was built later byFreescale, after Motorola spun off itssemiconductor business under that name in 2004. The PowerBook G4 has had two different designs: one with atitanium body with a translucent black keyboard and a 15-inch screen; and another in analuminum body with an aluminum-colored keyboard, in 12-inch, 15-inch, and 17-inch sizes.

Between 2001 and 2003, Apple produced the titanium PowerBook G4; between 2003 and 2006, the aluminum models were produced. Both models were hailed for their modern design, long battery life, and processing power. When the aluminum PowerBook G4s were first released in January 2003, 12-inch and 17-inch models were introduced first, while the 15-inch model retained the titanium body until September 2003, when a new aluminum 15-inch PowerBook was released. The aluminum 15-inch model also includes aFireWire 800 port, which had been included with the 17-inch model since its debut nine months earlier.

The PowerBook G4 is the last revision of the PowerBook series, and was succeeded by the Intel-poweredMacBook Pro line in the first half of 2006. The last version of macOS that most PowerBook G4 computers can run isMac OS X Leopard, which was released in 2007.^[1] WhenApple switched to Intel x86 processors in 2006, some design features of the PowerBook G4's form and aluminum chassis were retained for the MacBook Pro.

PowerBook G4 (titanium)

The titanium PowerBook G4 (nicknamed TiBook)[2]
Developer	Apple Computer
Type	Laptop
Release date	January 9, 2001
Discontinued	September 16, 2003
CPU	PowerPC G4, 400 MHz–1 GHz

The first PowerBook G4 models were announced atSteve Jobs'MacWorld Expokeynote on January 9, 2001. The two models featured a PowerPC G4 processor running at either 400 or 500MHz in a 1inch (25 mm) deep enclosure constructed from 0.016 inch (0.4mm) thick Grade 1 titanium, with acarbon-fiber reinforced plastic internal frame.^[3] This was 0.7 inches (18 mm) shallower than the G4's predecessor, thePowerBook G3. The G4 was one of the first laptops to use a screen with a widescreenaspect ratio. It also featured a front-mounted slot-loading optical drive.^[4] The notebook was given the unofficial nickname "TiBook", after the titanium case and thePowerBook brand name;^[2] it was sold alongside the cheaperiBook. The 1 GHz version of the titanium G4 is the last, and fastest, PowerBook that can natively runMac OS 9 (version 9.2.2).

The initial design of the PowerBook G4 was developed by Apple hardware designers Jory Bell, Nick Merz, and Danny Delulis.^[5]Quanta, anoriginal design manufacturer, also helped in the design.^{[citation needed]} The new machine was a sharp departure from the black plastic, curvilinear PowerBook G3 models that preceded it. The orientation of the Apple logo on the computer's lid was switched so that it would "read" correctly to onlookers when the computer was in use.^[6] PowerBook G3 and prior models presented it right-side-up from the perspective of the computer's owner when the lid was closed. Apple'sindustrial design team, headed by British designerJonathan Ive, converged around a minimalist aesthetic—the titanium G4's design language laid the groundwork for the aluminum PowerBook G4, theMacBook Pro, thePower Mac G5, the flat-screeniMac, theXserve, and theMac mini.

In a review,Macworld's Andrew Gore praised the PowerBook's weight, wider screen, and Velocity Engine, but criticized the difficulty of replacing the hard drive. In a battery test, he found that Apple's stated 5 hours of battery life could only be achieved with the screen dimmed and the processor clocked down to 300 MHz, though he described battery life in normal use, of slightly over three hours, as "very respectable".^[7]ATPM's Trevor Boehm rated it "excellent", describing it as pricy but a gooddesktop replacement, and praising its speed, screen, and ports, though he criticized the trackpad as oversensitive and inconvenient fordrag and drop.^[8]PC World's Carla Thornton praised its design, screen and performance, but criticized its graphics, DVD speed, battery life and price.^[9]

The hinges on the titanium PowerBook display are notorious for breaking under typical use. Usually the hinge (which is shaped like an L) will break just to the left of where it attaches to the lower case on the right hinge, and just to the right on the left hinge (where the right hinge is on the right side of the computer when the optical drive is facing the user). When the 667 MHz and 800 MHz "DVI" PowerBooks were introduced, Apple changed the hinge design slightly to strengthen it. At least one aftermarket manufacturer began producing sturdier replacement hinges^[10] to address this problem, though actually performing the repair is difficult as the display bezel is glued together. In addition some discolouration, bubbling or peeling of paint on the outer bezel occurred, notably around the area where the palm would rest while using the trackpad, and around the rear of the hinges where paint on the back of the machine was often worn off. This appeared on early models but not on later titanium PowerBooks.^[11]

The video cable is routed around the left-side hinge. This will cause the cable to weaken under heavy usage. Many owners have reported display problems such as random lines or a jumbled screen, although a few owners have replaced just the video cable to successfully resolve this problem. There is also a backlight cable that might fail; The best option is to replace either or both cables before replacing LCD screen.

According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete.^[a][12]

PowerBook G4 (aluminum)

An aluminum PowerBook G4 with a 17-inch screen
Developer	Apple Computer
Type	Laptop
Release date	January 7, 2003
Discontinued	February 28, 2006 (15") April 24, 2006 (17") May 16, 2006 (12")
CPU	PowerPC G4, 867 MHz – 1.67 GHz

In 2003, Apple introduced a new line of PowerBook G4s with 12-, 15-, and 17-inch screens and aluminum cases. The new notebooks not only brought a different design to the PowerBook G4 line but also laid down the foundation for Apple's notebook design for the next five years, replaced initially in January 2008 by theMacBook Air and the subsequentMacBook andMacBook Pro redesigns in October. The 15" titanium model was still available until September 16, 2003, when the aluminum model replaced it. Notably, the 12" model brought a welcome return to the Applesubnotebook configuration, conspicuously lacking in their product line since the discontinuation of thePowerBook 2400c in 1998. While the titanium PowerBook G4s were capable of booting intoMac OS 9 orMac OS X operating systems, the aluminum PowerBook G4s could only boot into Mac OS X. Both series of machines could run Mac OS 9 inClassic mode from within Mac OS X.

The aluminum PowerBook G4 was designed by Apple's Vice President of Industrial Design,Jonathan Ive, and used a radically different design from the preceding titanium models. The most obvious change was the use of aluminum instead of titanium to manufacture the body. The keyboard, which was originally black, was changed to match the color of the body. Additionally, the aluminum keyboard was backlit on the 17" model and on one of the 15" models. This was the first case of keyboard internal backlighting seen on a notebook computer. The design was considered^{[by whom?]} superior to most other notebooks when it debuted in 2003, and consequently, it made the PowerBook G4 one of the most desirable notebooks on the market. The external design of Apple's professional laptops continued to remain similar to the aluminum PowerBook G4 until Apple announced the Unibody Macbook Pro at its special event on October 14, 2008.

CNET's Molly Wood described the 17-inch PowerBook as a "rock star's notebook", praising its design, screen, bundled software suite (which includediLife,QuickBooks,OmniOutliner andOmniGraffle), and backlit keyboard, though she said that the keyboard backlighting required the room to be quite dark, and that there was no option to increase its sensitivity. In benchmarks, she found that the 12-inch, 15-inch and 17-inch models all had about the same "acceptable" battery life, and that the PowerBooks had similar performance to the 17-inchiMac desktop.^[15]

Some owners have experienced failure of the lower memory slot on some of the 15" models, with the typical repair being the replacement of the logic board. Apple had started a Repair Extension Program concerning the issue,^[16] but it has been noted that some models displaying the issue have not been included. This leaves some PowerBook G4 owners with a maximum of only 1 GB of RAM to use instead of a full 2 GB.

Apple previously had a Repair Extension Program to fix the "white spot" issue on its 15" PowerBook displays.^[17]

There has also been a rash of reports concerning sudden and pervasive sleeping of 1.5 and 1.67 GHz models known as Narcoleptic Aluminum PowerBook Syndrome.^[18] Symptoms include the PowerBook suddenly entering sleep mode, regardless of the battery level or whether the PowerBook is plugged in. One cause is the ambient light sensing,^[19] and associated instruction set coding, with possible keyboard backlight and sleep light issues accompanying the so-called "narcolepsy". Another cause is the trackpad area heat sensor; system logs report"Power Management received emergency overtemp signal. Going to sleep.".^{[citation needed]}

To correct this, service groups will often replace the logic board or power converter, but the actual fix (depending on the model) for the first cause is to replace or remove the left or right ambient light sensors; and for the second cause, disconnect, remove, or replace the heat sensor, or the entire top case which holds the trackpad heat sensor. Alternatively, there are reports which detail success in removing certain sensor kernel extensions or rebuilding the kernel using the Darwin Open Source project after commenting out the relevantsleepSystem() call; permanent resolution of the sleep issue in this manner is little documented.^[20]

The 1.67 GHz model may suffer from manufacturing or design defects in its display. Initial reports pointed to this only being a problem with type M9689 17" PowerBooks introduced in Q2 2005, but then this problem was also seen in displays replaced by Apple Service Providers in this period (e.g. because of the bright spots issue). The devices were the last 17" models shipped with the matte 1440×900 pixel low-resolution display. After many months of usage, the displays may show permanently shining lines of various colors stretching vertically across the LCD. Often this will start with one-pixel-wide vertical lines being "stuck" in an "always-on" mode. Various sites have been set up documenting this issue.^[21][22]

On May 20, 2005, Apple recalled 12-inch iBook G4, and 12- and 15-inch PowerBook G4 batteries (model number A1061, first 5 characters HQ441 – HQ507 for the iBook, model # A1079, serial # 3X446 – 3X510 for 12" PowerBook, model # A1078, serial # 3X446 – 3X509.)^[23] They were recalled due to short-circuiting which caused overheating and explosion. The batteries were made byLG Chemical, in Taiwan and China. Apple has since removed the recall from its website.

According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete.^[a][12]

One major factor that led to the discontinuation of the PowerBook G4 was Apple's internal experimentation with thePowerPC G5 for the company's next line professional-grade notebooks at that time. However, the G5, which also powered thePower Mac G5 andiMac G5, proved to be too power-hungry and heat-intensive to use in a notebook form factor.^[25] Stalled development of the mobile G5 is also said to be another main factor inthe Mac's transition from PowerPC to Intel processors.^[26]

After awaiting a new professional-grade notebook to replace the G4, on January 10, 2006, Apple released the 15"MacBook Pro, its first Intel-based notebook.^[27] A 17" version of the MacBook Pro followed on April 24, 2006.^[28] The new "MacBook Pro" name was given to the new series of notebooks after Apple changed the portable naming schemes from "Power" for professional products (and "i" for consumer products), in favor of including "Mac" in the title of all computer lines, with the suffix "Pro" denoting a pro product. Finally, on May 16, 2006, the 12" PowerBook G4 and the G4iBook were discontinued and replaced by the 13.3"MacBook, ending the whole PowerBook line.^[29]

However, a replacement for the 12" subnotebook form factor (i.e. the 12" PowerBook G4) was not immediately forthcoming; theMacBook Air, released in 2008, served as an indirect replacement while the 13" MacBook Pro released in 2009 is the direct replacement for the 12" PowerBook G4.^[30][31] Apple returned to the 12" screen size with theMacBook released in 2015.^[32]

Supported Mac OS releases
OS release	Titanium				Aluminum
	Early 2001	Late 2001	Early 2002	Late 2002	Early 2003	Late 2003	Early 2004	Early 2005	Late 2005
Mac OS 9	9.1	9.2.1	9.2.2		Emulation only
10.0 Cheetah		—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
10.1 Puma			10.1.4	—	—	—	—	—	—
10.2 Jaguar				10.2.2	10.2.3	10.2.7	—	—	—
10.3 Panther							10.3.3	10.3.7	—
10.4 Tiger									10.4.2
10.5 Leopard[Note 1]	patch	patch	patch

Timeline of portable Macintoshes v t e
See also:List of Mac models

General

Wikimedia Commons has media related toPowerBook G4.

• Apple - Support - PowerBook G4
• Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Titanium at Macworld 2001
• Video of Jobs launching PowerBook G4 Aluminum at Macworld 2003
• PowerBook G4, EveryMac.com
• Alu G4 Disassembly

• PowerBook
• PowerPC Macintosh computers
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• Discontinued Apple Inc. products

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