Genus of trees
Pouteria genus offlowering trees in thegutta-percha family ,Sapotaceae . The genus is widespread throughout the tropical Americas, with outlier species inCameroon andMalesia .[ 2] P. campechiana P. sapota P. lucuma pouteria trees , or in some cases,eggfruits .
Pouteria is related toManilkara balatá M. bidentata ) used commonly for tropical construction, as well as ediblefruit (such assapodilla ,M. zapota ).
Pouteria , as currently delineated, has over 200 species in the tropical Americas, from Mexico to northern Argentina and central Chile, including Florida and the Caribbean islands. Four species are found outside the Americas.Pouteria hexastemon Cameroon in west-central Africa, and three species are native toIndonesia –Pouteria celebica Sulawesi ,Pouteria lucida Maluku , andPouteria oxyedra Sumatra .[ 2]
Fruits ofP. ramiflora Many species, such asPouteria maclayana [ 3] cans .
Pouteria species yield hard, heavy, resilient woods used asfirewood andtimber , but particularly in outdoor and naval construction, such asdock pilings ,deckings , etc. Some species, such as abiu (P. caimito shipworm resistant, but this depends on thesilica content, which may vary from 0.0-0.9%. The weight by volume (at 12% moisture content) ofPouteria wood can be in excess of 1140 kg/m3 (71 lb/ft3 ; thus, the wood sinks in water. The wood ofPouteria species is prone to considerable movement and warping when it dries out, but in its main use, naval construction, this is not a problem, since the wood never gets really dry.
Thevessel elements are relatively small and usually di- to quadriseriate; themedullary rays are fine and close together.Pouteria woods are capable of attaining an excellent polish using fine-grainedsandpaper and possibly some wax. They can sometimes show an attractive figure of dark stripes against a sandy to mid-brown background colour. However, the wood is hardly used for furniture because it is so dense that items made from it would be difficult to transport. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to work using hand tools. Even usingpower tools , working these woods presents some problems, as well, but given some patience and practical knowledge, these can easily be solved.
For the silica to be effective against shipworms, it needs to dry to some degree to harden. When the wood is continually waterlogged, this process may take place very slowly or not at all, leaving the wood vulnerable.
Pouteria foliage is used as food by someLepidoptera caterpillars , including those of thedalcerid moth Dalcera abrasa P. ramiflora rock-haunting ringtail possum (Petropseudes dahli ).
Due tohabitat loss and in some casesoverexploitation , many species ofPouteria arethreatened . At least 10 are close toextinction , and one – the Rio de Janeiro pouteria (P. stenophylla Rio de Janeiro inBrazil , is now extinct.
Systematics and taxonomy [ edit ] Pouteria is a "wastebasket taxon ", and its size is continually being expanded or decreased. Thesegregated Labatia , described byOlof Swartz in 1788 and named after the French botanistJean-Baptiste Labat , was maintained as a distinct entity until the 1930s, when it was synonymized withPouteria . Most segregated genera that were merged withPouteria again were established byHenri Ernest Baillon andJean Baptiste Louis Pierre .[ 1]
Recent phylogenetic and morphological studies foundPouteria to bepolyphyletic , and many genera previously subsumed intoPouteria and/orChrysophyllum Achrouteria ,Chloroluma ,Cornuella ,Englerella ,Labatia ,Lucuma ,Martiusella ,Nemaluma ,Peteniodendron ,Prieurella Ragala [ 4]
Plants of the World Online [ 2]
Pouteria alvesii Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Pernambuco and Bahia)Pouteria amapaensis Pires & T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amapá)Pouteria amazonica Radlk. – Brazil (Amazonas)Pouteria ambelaniifolia (Sandwith) T.D.Penn. – Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern BrazilPouteria amygdalicarpa (Pittier) T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua to Venezuela and EcuadorPouteria amygdalina (Standl.) Baehni – southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa RicaPouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Bahia)Pouteria anteridata T.D.Penn. – VenezuelaPouteria arcuata T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia and Venezuela (Amazonas)Pouteria areolatifolia Lundell – Guatemala (Petén)Pouteria aristata (Britton & P.Wilson) Baehni – CubaPouteria atabapoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amazonas)Pouteria atlantica Alves-Araújo & M.Alves – Brazil (southeastern Bahia)Pouteria aubrevillei Bernardi – northern Brazil, French Guiana, Colombia, and PeruPouteria aurea T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria austin-smithii (Standl.) Cronquist – Costa Rica and PanamaPouteria baehniana Monach. – Venezuela to BoliviaPouteria bangii (Rusby) T.D.Penn. – northern South AmericaPouteria bapeba T.D.Penn. – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to northern Espírito Santo)Pouteria belizensis (Standl.) Cronquist – Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas) to NicaraguaPouteria benai (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn. – French GuianaPouteria bilocularis (H.J.P.Winkl.) Baehni – northern South AmericaPouteria bonneriana Bernardi – Peru (Loreto)Pouteria bracteata T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua to western EcuadorPouteria brevensis Pires – Brazil (Pará)Pouteria brevipetiolata T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria briocheoides Lundell – Mexico (Chiapas) and GuatemalaPouteria buenaventurensis (Aubrév.) Pilz – Panama to EcuadorPouteria bullata (S.Moore) Baehni – Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Paraná)Pouteria butyrocarpa (Kuhlm.) T.D.Penn. – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Espírito Santo)Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk. – abiu – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, northern South America, and Trinidad and TobagoPouteria calistophylla (Standl.) Baehni – Costa Rica and PanamaPouteria campanulata Baehni – Brazil (Amazonas and Pará)Pouteria canaimaensis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Bolívar)Pouteria cayennensis (A.DC.) Eyma – southeastern Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, and northern BrazilPouteria celebica Erlee – SulawesiPouteria chiricana (Standl.) Baehni – Costa Rica and PanamaPouteria chocoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – western ColombiaPouteria cicatricata T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia)Pouteria cinnamomea (Diels) Baehni – Peru (Cusco)Pouteria citriodora Alves-Araújo – Brazil (Bahia)Pouteria cladantha Sandwith – tropical South AmericaPouteria coelomatica Rizzini – Brazil (southeastern Bahia to Rio de Janeiro)Pouteria collina (Little) T.D.Penn. – Colombia and northern EcuadorPouteria condorensis T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria cordiformis T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria coriacea (Pierre) Pierre – Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, the Guianas, and northern BrazilPouteria crassiflora Pires & T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amapá and Pará)Pouteria cubensis Baehni – Cuba (Sierra Maestra)Pouteria cuspidata (A.DC.) Baehni – Costa Rica to Bolivia and southeastern BrazilPouteria decorticans T.D.Penn. – northwestern Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French GuianaPouteria decussata (Ducke) Baehni – Brazil (Pará)Pouteria deliciosa T.D.Penn. – French Guiana, Colombia, and PeruPouteria dictyoneura (Griseb.) Radlk. Pouteria egregia Sandwith – Colombia and northeastern BrazilPouteria elegans (A.DC.) Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, Peru, and BoliviaPouteria engleri Eyma – Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern BrazilPouteria ephedrantha (A.C.Sm.) T.D.Penn. – southeast Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil (Acre)Pouteria ericoides T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria erythrochrysa T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria espinae (Standl.) Baehni – ColombiaPouteria eugeniifolia (Pierre) Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and northern BrazilPouteria euryphylla (Standl.) Baehni – PanamaPouteria exfoliata T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica and PanamaPouteria exstaminodia Pires & T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas)Pouteria filiformis T.D.Penn. – Costa RicaPouteria fossicola Cronquist – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and PanamaPouteria foveolata T.D.Penn. – Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and PanamaPouteria fragrans (Pierre) Dubard – Paraguay and northeastern ArgentinaPouteria franciscana Baehni – northern and northeastern Bolivia, northern Brazil, and northeastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia)Pouteria freitasii T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria fulva T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas)Pouteria furcata T.D.Penn. – northeastern Brazil (Maranhão and Piauí)Pouteria gabrielensis (Gilly ex Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Venezuela, and northern BrazilPouteria gallifructa Cronquist – Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and Costa Rica; northeastern BrazilPouteria gardneri (Mart. & Eichler) Baehni – Brazil, Bolivia, and ParaguayPouteria gigantea (Diels) Pilz – EcuadorPouteria glauca T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern and northeastern Brazil, French Guiana, and SurinamePouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. – Mexico to northeastern ArgentinaPouteria glomerata subsp.stylosa (Pierre) T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and northern BrazilPouteria gomphiifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Radlk. – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and northern BrazilPouteria gongrijpii Eyma – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern and northeastern Brazil, French Guiana, and SurinamePouteria gracilis T.D.Penn. – Peru (San Martín)Pouteria guianensis Aubl. – Panama, northern South America, and TrinidadPouteria hexastemon Baehni – CameroonPouteria hotteana (Urb. & Ekman) Baehni – Haiti and Puerto RicoPouteria izabalensis (Standl.) Baehni – Mexico (Chiapas) to Costa RicaPouteria juruana K.Krause – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern BrazilPouteria kaieteurensis T.D.Penn. – Guyana (Kaieteur Plateau )Pouteria krukovii (A.C.Sm.) Baehni – Colombia, Brazil (Acre), and Peru (Loreto)Pouteria latianthera T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas) and Brazil (Amapá)Pouteria leptopedicellata Pilz – Costa Rica to EcuadorPouteria longifolia (Mart. & Eichler) T.D.Penn. – Peru (San Martín) and Bolivia (La Paz)Pouteria lucens (Mart. & Miq.) Radlk. – Brazil (Amazonas)Pouteria lucida (H.J.Lam) Baehni – MalukuPouteria lucumifolia (Reissek ex Maxim.) T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Venezuela, northern Brazil, Ecuador, PeruPouteria macahensis T.D.Penn. – northeastern and eastern Brazil (Pernambuco to Rio de Janeiro)Pouteria macrocarpa (Mart.) D.Dietr. – Colombia, northern Brazil, and southeastern BrazilPouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, northern, central, and eastern Brazil, Suriname and French GuianaPouteria maguirei (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – southeast Colombia, Venezuela (Amazonas), and northwestern BrazilPouteria mattogrossensis (Pilg.) Baehni – Brazil (Mato Grosso)Pouteria megaphylla T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria melanopoda Eyma – Suriname and French GuianaPouteria micrantha (Urb.) Baehni – eastern Cuba (Lomas de Cuaba and Sierra de Nipe)Pouteria microstrigosa T.D.Penn. – eastern Brazil (southeastern Bahia, Espírito Santo, and Minas Gerais)Pouteria minima T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Bolívar) and Brazil (northwestern Amazonas)Pouteria mongaguensis Mattos – Brazil (São Paulo)Pouteria nemorosa Baehni – eastern BoliviaPouteria nudipetala T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern BrazilPouteria oblanceolata Pires – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, French Guiana, and northern and northeastern BrazilPouteria obscura (Huber) Baehni – Brazil (Pará)Pouteria opposita (Ducke) T.D.Penn. – Peru and northern BrazilPouteria orinocoensis (Aubrév.) T.D.Penn. – central and southern VenezuelaPouteria oxyedra (Miq.) Baehni – SumatraPouteria pachyphylla T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia)Pouteria pallida (C.F.Gaertn.) Baehni – Leeward Islands, Windward Islands, Trinidad and TobagoPouteria penicillata Baehni – GuyanPouteria pentamera T.D.Penn. – Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria peruviensis (Aubrév.) Bernardi – Peru (Loreto)Pouteria pimichinensis T.D.Penn. – Colombia (Guainía) and Venezuela (southeastern Amazonas)Pouteria pisquiensis Baehni – Peru (Ucayali)Pouteria platyphylla (A.C.Sm.) Baehni – northern and west-central Brazil (Amazonas and Mato Grosso), Ecuador, and Peru (Loreto)Pouteria plicata T.D.Penn. – Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and northern, northeastern, and west-central BrazilPouteria polycarpa (Rusby) Baehni – BoliviaPouteria polysepala T.D.Penn. – Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and northern BrazilPouteria procera (Mart.) K.Hammer – Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, and northern and eastern BrazilPouteria puberula T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Miranda)Pouteria pubescens (Aubrév. & Pellegr.) T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern BrazilPouteria pullei Eyma – SurinamePouteria putamen-ovi T.D.Penn. – southern Colombia, northern Peru, and northern BrazilPouteria quicheana Cronquist – GuatemalaPouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. – Brazil, Bolivia, and ParaguayPouteria resinosa T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma – southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South AmericaPouteria retinervis T.D.Penn. – southeastern Colombia, northern Brazil, and French GuianaPouteria rhynchocarpa T.D.Penn. – southern Mexico (Veracruz and Oacaca)Pouteria rigida (Mart. & Eichler) Radlk. – southern Venezuela, Guyana, and northern BrazilPouteria rigidopsis Monach. ex T.D.Penn. – northern and northeastern VenezuelaPouteria rostrata (Huber) Baehni – Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and northern and west-central BrazilPouteria rufotomentosa (Lundell) T.D.Penn. – Mexico (Oaxaca) and GuatemalaPouteria sagotiana (Baill.) Eyma – Guianas and northern Brazil (Amapá)Pouteria samborae Alves-Araújo & Mônico – Brazil (Espírito Santo)Pouteria sambuensis (Pittier) Baehni – PanamaPouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn – mamey sapote – Mexico and Central AmericaPouteria scabritesta T.D.Penn. – EcuadorPouteria sclerocarpa (Pittier) Cronquist – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and PeruPouteria scrobiculata Monach. ex T.D.Penn. – Colombia (Caquetá), Venezuela, Guyana, and northern BrazilPouteria semecarpifolia (Pierre ex Duss) Pierre – Leeward Islands and Windward IslandsPouteria sessilis T.D.Penn. – Peru (Loreto)Pouteria silvestris T.D.Penn. – Costa Rica (Heredia), Colombia (Chocó), and EcuadorPouteria simulans Monach. – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and PeruPouteria singularis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French GuianaPouteria sipapoensis T.D.Penn. – Venezuela (Amazonas)Pouteria spicata J.F.Morales – Costa RicaPouteria squamosa Cronquist – southern Mexico (southern Veracruz and Oaxaca) and GuatemalaPouteria stipitata Cronquist – Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and northern Brazil (Rondônia)Pouteria stylifera T.D.Penn. – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria subrotata Cronquist – Nicaragua to Venezuela and PeruPouteria subsessilifolia Cronquist – northeastern Brazil (Bahia)Pouteria surumuensis Baehni – Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, northern Brazil, Peru, and BoliviaPouteria synsepala Popovkin & A.D.Faria – northeastern Brazil (Bahia)Pouteria tarapotensis (Eichler ex Pierre) Baehni – Peru and western BoliviaPouteria tarumanensis Pires – northern Brazil (Amazonas: near Manaus)Pouteria tenuisepala Pires & T.D.Penn. – French Guiana and northern Brazil (Amapá and Pará)Pouteria torta (Mart.) Radlk. – Abiurana – southern Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazilsubsp.tuberculata (Sleumer) T.D.Penn. – Red Abiorana – southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, northern Brazil, and French Guiana Formerly placed here [ edit ] Due to the uncertainty regarding its actual content, the number ofsynonyms ofPouteria is massive.Plants of the World Online [ 2]
Barylucuma Ducke (1925) Caleatia Mart. ex Steud. (1841), pro syn. Caramuri Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1961) Chaetocarpus Schreb. (1789), nom. rej. Discoluma Baill. (1891) Eremoluma Baill. (1891) Franchetella Pierre (1890) Gomphiluma Baill. (1891) Guapeba Gomes (1812) Guapebeira Gomes (1803) Ichthyophora Baehni (1964) Krugella Pierre (1891) Leioluma Baill. (1891) Microluma Baill. (1891) Myrtiluma Baill. (1891) Neoxythece Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1961) Oxythece Miq. (1863), nom. illeg. Paralabatia Pierre (1890) Piresodendron Aubrév. ex Le Thomas (1983) Podoluma Baill. (1891) Prozetia Neck. (1790), opus utique oppr. Pseudocladia Pierre (1891) Pseudolabatia Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) Pseudoxythece Aubrév. (1972) Sandwithiodoxa Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) Urbanella Pierre (1890) The following genera are sometimes included inPouteria .[ 1] Plants of the World Online
Achradelpha O.F.Cook – synonym ofManilkara Albertisiella Pierre ex Aubrév. – synonym ofPlanchonella Aningeria Aubrév. & Pellegr. – accepted genusBeauvisagea Pierre – synonym ofPlanchonella Beccariella Pierre – synonym ofPleioluma [ 5] Beccarimnia Pierre ex Koord. Blabeia Baehni – synonym ofPlanchonella Boerlagella Cogn. - synonym ofPlanchonella Bureavella Pierre – synonym ofPlanchonella Calocarpum Pierre – synonym ofManilkara Calospermum Pierre – synonym ofManilkara Eglerodendron Aubrév. & Pellegr. (1962) – synonym ofLabatia Englerella Pierre (1891) – accepted genusFontbrunea Pierre – synonym ofPlanchonella Gayella Pierre (1890) – accepted genusHormogyne A.DC. – synonym ofPlanchonella Iteiluma Baill. – synonym ofPlanchonella Krausella H.J.Lam – synonym ofPlanchonella Labatia Sw. (1788), nom. cons. – accepted genusLucuma Molina (1782) – accepted genusMalacantha Pierre – accepted genusNemaluma Baill. (1891) – accepted genusNeolabatia Aubrév. (1972), nom. illeg. – synonym ofLabatia Peteniodendron Lundell (1976) – accepted genusPeuceluma Baill. – synonym ofPlanchonella Planchonella Pierre - accepted genusPleioluma (Baill.) Baehni – accepted genusPoissonella Pierre – synonym ofPlanchonella Pyriluma (Baill.) Aubrév. – synonym ofPlanchonella Radlkoferella Pierre (1890) – synonym ofLucuma Richardella Pierre (1890) – synonym ofLucuma Sersalisia R.Br. - accepted genusSiderocarpus Pierre – synonym ofPlanchonella Syzygiopsis Ducke (1925) – synonym ofMicropholis Van-royena Aubrév. – accepted genusWoikoia Baehni Wokoia Baehni – synonym ofPichonia ^a b c USDA (2009) ^a b c d Pouteria Aubl.Plants of the World Online ^ "Paper from the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies" (PDF) . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 2008-07-31. Retrieved2011-07-14 .^ Swenson, U., Lepschi, B., Lowry, P.P., II, Terra-Araujo, M.H., Santos, K., Nylinder, S. and Alves-Araújo, A. (2023), Reassessment of generic boundaries in Neotropical Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae): Eleven reinstated genera and narrowed circumscriptions of Chrysophyllum and Pouteria. TAXON, 72: 307-359.https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12894 ^ Beccariella PierrePlants of the World Online Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Pouteria .
